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Salman Ibn Rabi'a
Salman ibn Rabi'a al-Bahili () (died 650) was military governor of Armenia 633–644 CE, under Caliph Uthman ibn Affan. He may have been the brother of Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah, who led the attempted conquest of the northern Caucasus Mountains and Khazaria. Under Uthman, the Muslim armies headed into Armenia for the first time, launching from Syria and led by Habib ibn Maslama al-Fihri Ḥabīb ibn Maslama al-Fihrī (; –) was an Arab general during the Early Muslim conquests, under Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan. Habib fought in the Muslim conquest of the Levant and against the Byzantines in Upper Mesopotamia, where he later ser .... They conquered several Armenian territories but were challenged by large numbers of Byzantines joining the Armenian defense. Habib asked Uthman for help, and he sent 6,000 men led by Salman, marching from Kufa, Iraq. A dispute arose between Habib and Salman, and Uthman wrote to them and solved the issue with Salman taking over command of the Muslim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Al-Rahman Ibn Rabi'a
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Rabīʿa al-Bāhilī () was a prominent Arab general of the Rashidun Caliphate, who led the Arab forces during the First Arab–Khazar War and the early Islamic conquests of the 7th century. He served under the Rashidun Caliphate and led expeditions that aimed to expand Muslim control northward. He led significant battles and encounters with the Khazar Khaganate. His campaigns in the Caucasus were marked by both military successes and setbacks, reflecting the challenges of warfare in the mountainous terrain. Abd al-Rahman's died in 652 along with 4,000 of his men, following a siege on the city of Balanjar. Life A member of the Bahila tribe, Abd al-Rahman ibn Rabi'a was also known as Dhu'l-Nur or Dhu'l-Nun after his sword. He was the older brother of Salman ibn Rabi'a. He served with Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas at the Battle of Qadisiyya against the Sassanid Persians, and then as a at the Arab garrison town of Kufa until 641. From 642 until his death in 652, Abd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arminiya
Arminiya, also known as the Ostikanate of Arminiya (, ''Hayastani ostikanut'yun'') or the Emirate of Armenia (, ''imārat armīniya''), was a political and geographic designation given by the Muslim Arabs to the lands of Greater Armenia, Caucasian Iberia, and Caucasian Albania, following their conquest of these regions in the 7th century. Though the caliphs initially permitted an Armenian prince to represent the province of ''Arminiya'' in exchange for tribute and the Armenians' loyalty during times of war, Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan introduced direct Arab rule of the region, headed by an '' ostikan'' with his capital in Dvin. According to the historian Stephen H. Rapp in the third edition of the ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'': History Early period: the Arab conquest of Armenia The details of the early conquest of Armenia by the Arabs are uncertain, as the various Arabic sources conflict with the Greek and Armenian sources, both in chronology and in the details of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caliph
A caliphate ( ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with Khalifa, the title of caliph (; , ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (''ummah''). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires. During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire claimed caliphal authority from 1517 until the Ottoman caliphate was Abolition of the Caliphate, formally abolished as part of the Atatürk's reforms, 1924 secularisation of Turkey. An attempt to preserve the title was tried, with the Sharifian Caliphate, but this caliphate fell quickly after its conquest by the Sultanate o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uthman Ibn Affan
Uthman ibn Affan (17 June 656) was the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, ruling from 644 until Assassination of Uthman, his assassination in 656. Uthman, a second cousin, son-in-law, and notable Companions of the Prophet, companion of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, played a major role in History of Islam, early Islamic history. During his reign as caliph, he was known for ordering the official compilation of the standardized version of the Quran, known as Uthman's Quran, that is still being used today. Before his predecessor, Caliph Umar (), died in office, he appointed a committee of trustees to elect a successor. Uthman, who was then aged 68–71 years, was elected to succeed him and became the oldest person to hold such a high position. During his premiership, the Caliphate expanded further into Persia in 650 and reached as far as the provinces of Greater Khorasan, Khorasan in 651. Uthman instituted Centralized government, centralized reforms in order to create a mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Ar-Rahman Ibn Rabiah
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Rabīʿa al-Bāhilī () was a prominent Arab general of the Rashidun Caliphate, who led the Arab forces during the First Arab–Khazar War and the early Islamic conquests of the 7th century. He served under the Rashidun Caliphate and led expeditions that aimed to expand Muslim control northward. He led significant battles and encounters with the Khazar Khaganate. His campaigns in the Caucasus were marked by both military successes and setbacks, reflecting the challenges of warfare in the mountainous terrain. Abd al-Rahman's died in 652 along with 4,000 of his men, following a siege on the city of Balanjar. Life A member of the Bahila tribe, Abd al-Rahman ibn Rabi'a was also known as Dhu'l-Nur or Dhu'l-Nun after his sword. He was the older brother of Salman ibn Rabi'a. He served with Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas at the Battle of Qadisiyya against the Sassanid Persians, and then as a at the Arab garrison town of Kufa until 641. From 642 until his death in 652, Abd al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasus Mountains
The Caucasus Mountains * * Azerbaijani: , * * * * * * * * * * * is a mountain range at the intersection of Asia and Europe. Stretching between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, they are surrounded by the Caucasus region and are home to Mount Elbrus, the highest peak in Europe at above sea level. The Caucasus Mountains include the Greater Caucasus in the north and the Lesser Caucasus in the south. The Greater Caucasus runs west-northwest to east-southeast, from the Western Caucasus on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea to close to Baku on the Caspian Sea, in Azerbaijan. The Lesser Caucasus runs parallel to the Greater about south. The Greater and Lesser Caucasus ranges are connected by the Likhi Range, and to the west and east of the Likhi Range lie the Colchis Plain and the Kur-Araz Lowland respectively. The Meskheti Range is a part of the Lesser Caucasus system. In the southeast, the Aras River separates the Lesser Caucasus from the Tal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khazaria
The Khazars ; 突厥可薩 ''Tūjué Kěsà'', () were a nomadic Turkic people who, in the late 6th century CE, established a major commercial empire covering the southeastern section of modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, Crimea, and Kazakhstan. They created what, for its duration, was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Khaganate. Astride a major artery of commerce between Eastern Europe and Southwestern Asia, Khazaria became one of the foremost trading empires of the early medieval world, commanding the western marches of the Silk Road and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between China, the Middle East, and Kievan Rus'. For some three centuries (–965), the Khazars dominated the vast area extending from the Volga-Don steppes to the eastern Crimea and the northern Caucasus. Khazaria long served as a buffer state between the Byzantine Empire, the nomads of the northern steppes, and the Umayyad and Abbasid Calipha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habib Ibn Maslama Al-Fihri
Ḥabīb ibn Maslama al-Fihrī (; –) was an Arab general during the Early Muslim conquests, under Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan. Habib fought in the Muslim conquest of the Levant and against the Byzantines in Upper Mesopotamia, where he later served as governor. He took part in an expedition against Byzantine-controlled Armenia and was appointed governor of the subdued Armenian territories. Habib was recalled from Armenia to fight the Byzantines in northern Syria. In the First Fitna he remained loyal to Mu'awiyah and fought with distinction at the Battle of Siffin. After Mu'awiyah became caliph Habib was appointed governor of Armenia and Adharbayjan. Life Origin and career under Umar Born in Mecca , Habib was a member of the Muharib ibn Fihr clan of the Quraysh tribe (the tribe to which Muhammad belonged). He fought with distinction in the Muslim conquest of the Levant and of Upper Mesopotamia against the Byzantines. He led a cavalry squadron in the Battle of Yarmuk, and Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Balanjar (650s CE)
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and the Battle of France, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
