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Sadr Al-Shari'a Al-Asghar
Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar (), also known as Sadr al-Shari'a al-Thani (), was a Hanafi-Maturidi scholar, faqih (jurist), mutakallim (theologian), mufassir (Qur'anic exegete), muhaddith (expert of the Hadith), nahawi (grammarian), lughawi (linguist), logician, and astronomer, known for both his theories of time and place and his commentary on Islamic jurisprudence, indicating the depth of his knowledge in various Islamic disciplines. His lineage reaches 'Ubadah ibn al-Samit. He was praised by al-Taftazani, and 'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi. Name He is 'Ubayd-Allah b. Mas'ud b. Mahmud b. Ahmad b. 'Ubayd-Allah al-Mahbubi al-Bukhari. He is also called Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar. Generally, when Sadr al-Shari'a is said, it refers to him. The term ''al-Asghar'' () or ''al-Thani'' () is sometimes added after his title to differentiate him from his great grandfather Ahmad b. 'Ubayd-Allah who is also known as Sadr al-Shari'a but with the suffix of ''al-Akbar'' () or ''al-Awwal'' (). Birth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transoxiana
Transoxiana or Transoxania (, now called the Amu Darya) is the Latin name for the region and civilization located in lower Central Asia roughly corresponding to eastern Uzbekistan, western Tajikistan, parts of southern Kazakhstan, parts of Turkmenistan and southern Kyrgyzstan. The name was first coined by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC when Alexander's troops conquered the region. The region may have had a similar Greek name in the days of Alexander the Great, but the earlier name is no longer known. Geographically, it is the region between the rivers Amu Darya to its south and the Syr Darya to its north. The region of Transoxiana was one of the satrapies (provinces) of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia under the name Sogdia. It was defined within the classical world of Persia to distinguish it from Iran proper, especially its northeastern province of Khorasan, a term originating with the Sasanians, although early Arab historians and geographers tended to subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadith Studies
Hadith studies is the academic study of hadith, a literature typically thought in Islamic religion to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators. A major area of interest in hadith studies has been the degree to which hadith can be used as a reliable source for reconstructing the biography of Muhammad, in parallel to the Islamic discipline of the hadith sciences. Since the pioneering work of Ignaz Goldziher, the sentiment has been that hadith are a more faithful source for understanding the religious, historical, and social developments in the first two centuries of Islam than they are a reliable record of Muhammad's life, especially concerning the formation of Islamic law, theology, and piety during the Umayyad and early Abbasid eras. Among other reasons, historians are skeptical of understanding the historical Muhammad through hadith due to the late date for when the hadith compilations were made ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
'Ali Al-Qari
Nur ad-Din Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Sultan Muhammad al-Hirawi al-Qari (; d. 1605/1606), known as Mulla Ali al-Qari () was an Afghan Islamic scholar. He was born in Herat, where he received his basic Islamic education. Thereafter, he travelled to Mecca and studied under the scholar Shaykh Ahmad Ibn Hajar al-Haytami Makki, and al-Qari eventually decided to remain in Mecca where he taught, died and was buried. He is considered in Hanafi circles to be one of the masters of hadith and imams of fiqh, Qur'anic commentary, language, history and tasawwuf. He was a hafiz (memoriser of the Quran) and a famous calligrapher who wrote a Quran by hand every year. Al-Qari wrote several books, including the commentary ''al-Mirqat'' on ''Mishkat al-Masabih'' in several volumes, a two-volume commentary on Qadi Ayyad's '' Ash-Shifa'', a commentary on the '' Shama'il al-Tirmidhi'', and a two-volume commentary on Al-Ghazali's abridgement of the ''Ihya Ulum ad-Din'' (The Revival of the Religious Scien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Taftazani
Sa'ad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah al-Taftazani () also known as Al-Taftazani and Taftazani (1322–1390) was a Muslim Persian polymath."Al-Taftazanni Sa'd al-Din Masud b. Umar b. Abdullah", in Encyclopedia Islam by W. Madelung, Brill. 2007 Early life and education Al-Taftazani was born in 1322 in Taftazan, Khorasan in Iran, then in the Sarbedaran state.Al-Taftazani, Sad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah (1950). ''A Commentary on the Creed of Islam: Sad al-Din al-Taftazani on the Creed of Najm al-Din al-Nasafi'' (Earl Edgar Elder Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press. p. XX.Halil Inalcik, "The Ottoman Empire", Published by Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2000. except from pg 175:"The Ottoman ulema equally respected Sa'ad al-Din al-Taftazani from Iran and Sayyid Sharif al-Jurjani from Turkestan, both of whom followed the tradition of al-Razi and whose work formed the basis of Ottoman Medrese education" He completed his education in various educational in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shams Al-A'imma Al-Halwani
Shams (), an Arabic word meaning ''sun'' or ''spark'' may refer to: Media * "Shams", a 2019 song by Indian singer Sanjeeta Bhattacharya * ''Shams'' (newspaper), a defunct Saudi newspaper * ''Al-Shams'' (newspaper), a Libyan government newspaper until 2011 * Network for Public Policy Studies, an Iranian website Places * Ain Shams, a neighborhood in Cairo, Egypt * Kafr Shams, a city in southern Syria * Majdal Shams, a village in the Golan Heights * Shams-e Bijar, a village in Gilan Province, Iran * Shams Abu Dhabi, a real estate development on Al Reem Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates * Shams Solar Power Station, a planned concentrating solar power station in the United Arab Emirates Other uses * Shams (deity), a solar deity in the ancient South Arabian religion * Shams (name), a list of people with the name * '' Shams al-Ma'arif'', a 13th-century Arabic book * Ain Shams University, a university located in Cairo, Egypt * Ash-Shams, the 91st surah of the Quran * Shams, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shams Al-A'imma Al-Sarakhsi
Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abi Sahl Abu Bakr al-Sarakhsi (), was a Persian jurist and also an Islamic scholar of the Hanafi school of thought. He was traditionally known as Shams al-A'imma (; ).Norman Calder, Jawid Ahmad Mojaddedi, Andrew Rippin, ed. and tr., ''Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature'' (Routledge, 2003), p. 210. He is an influential jurist in the Hanafi school where the tradition is reported to have been that: "when in doubt, follow Sarakhsi".Al-Sarakhsi, ''Money Exchange, Loans, and Riba: A translation of Kitab al-Sarf from Kitab al-Mabsut'', translated by Imran Ahsan Khan Nyazee, Advanced Legal Studies Institute, Islamabad, 2018. Both Al-Kasani and Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani, in their flagship fiqh books of ''Bada'i' al-Sana'i''' and '' Al-Hidaya'', have extensively drawn upon the discussions and legal reasonings presented in al-Sarakhsi's ''Al-Mabsut'' and ''Usul al-Sarakhsi''. The Indian Muslim scholar of the 19th century, Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Mansur Al-Maturidi
Imam Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (; 853–944) was a Hanafi jurist and theologian who is the eponym of the Maturidi school of kalam in Sunnism. He got his from Māturīd, a district in Samarkand. His works include , a classic exegesis of the Qur'an, and . His doctrinal school remains amongst the three main schools of theology alongside Ash'arism and Atharism. Name Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī's epithet or ''nisba'' refers to Māturīd or Māturīt, a locality in Samarkand (today Uzbekistan). His full name was Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd and he adopted the al-Māturīdī and al-Ḥanafī. he is also known by the titles Shaykh al-Islam ('Shaykh of Islam'), Imam al-Huda ('Imam of Guidance'), and Imam Ahl al-Sunna wa-l-Jama'a ('Imam of the People of the Prophetic Way and Community'). Teachers He studied under his teachers, Muhammad bin Muqatil al-Razi (d. 248 H/ 662 CE), Abu Nasr al-Ayadi "al-Faqih al-Samarqandi" (d. 260 H?), Nusayr bin Yahya al-Balkhi (d. 268 H/ 881 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa (; September 699 CE – 767 CE) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, ascetic,Pakatchi, Ahmad and Umar, Suheyl, "Abū Ḥanīfa", in: ''Encyclopaedia Islamica'', Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary. and eponym of the Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprudence, which remains the most widely practiced to this day. His school predominates in Central and South Asia, Turkey, the Balkans, Russia, and some parts of the Arab world. Sources disagree on exactly where he was born, whether in Kufa (held by the majority), Kabul, Anbar, Nasa or Termez. Abu Hanifa traveled to the Hejaz region of Arabia in his youth, where he studied in the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina. He was named by al-Dhahabi as "one of the geniuses of the sons of Adam" who "combined jurisprudence, worship, scrupulousness, and generosity". As his career as a jurist and theologian progressed, he became known for favoring the use of reason in his jurisprudential rulings, and eve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Sciences
Natural science or empirical science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and reproducibility of findings are used to try to ensure the validity of scientific advances. Natural science can be divided into two main branches: life science and physical science. Life science is alternatively known as biology. Physical science is subdivided into branches: physics, astronomy, Earth science and chemistry. These branches of natural science may be further divided into more specialized branches (also known as fields). As empirical sciences, natural sciences use tools from the formal sciences, such as mathematics and logic, converting information about nature into measurements that can be explained as clear statements of the " laws of nature". Modern natural science succeeded more classical approaches to natura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomy
Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and their overall evolution. Objects of interest include planets, natural satellite, moons, stars, nebulae, galaxy, galaxies, meteoroids, asteroids, and comets. Relevant phenomena include supernova explosions, gamma ray bursts, quasars, blazars, pulsars, and cosmic microwave background radiation. More generally, astronomy studies everything that originates beyond atmosphere of Earth, Earth's atmosphere. Cosmology is a branch of astronomy that studies the universe as a whole. Astronomy is one of the oldest natural sciences. The early civilizations in recorded history made methodical observations of the night sky. These include the Egyptian astronomy, Egyptians, Babylonian astronomy, Babylonians, Greek astronomy, Greeks, Indian astronomy, Indians, Chinese astronomy, Chinese, Maya civilization, M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philosophy
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its methods and assumptions. Historically, many of the individual sciences, such as physics and psychology, formed part of philosophy. However, they are considered separate academic disciplines in the modern sense of the term. Influential traditions in the history of philosophy include Western philosophy, Western, Islamic philosophy, Arabic–Persian, Indian philosophy, Indian, and Chinese philosophy. Western philosophy originated in Ancient Greece and covers a wide area of philosophical subfields. A central topic in Arabic–Persian philosophy is the relation between reason and revelation. Indian philosophy combines the Spirituality, spiritual problem of how to reach Enlightenment in Buddhism, enlighten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logic
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises based on the structure of arguments alone, independent of their topic and content. Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory. Informal logic examines arguments expressed in natural language whereas formal logic uses formal language. When used as a countable noun, the term "a logic" refers to a specific logical formal system that articulates a proof system. Logic plays a central role in many fields, such as philosophy, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics. Logic studies arguments, which consist of a set of premises that leads to a conclusion. An example is the argument from the premises "it's Sunday" and "if it's Sunday then I don't have to work" leading to the conclusion "I don't have to wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
