|
Russo-Kazan Wars
The Russo-Kazan Wars were a series of short, intermittent wars fought between the Grand Principality of Moscow and the Khanate of Kazan between 1437 and 1556. Most of these were wars of succession in Kazan, in which Muscovy intervened on behalf of the dynastic interests of its main ally, the Crimean Khanate. For most of the period, neither side sought to conquer the other, until Ivan the Terrible decided to annex Kazan upon the successful 1552 siege, which was followed by a rebellion lasting until 1556. General Before it separated from the Golden Horde, the Kazan region was part of Volga Bulgaria (c. 630–1240) and then the Bulgar Ulus of the Golden Horde (c. 1240–1438). They adopted Islam in 921, several decades before the Christianisation of Kievan Rus' was boosted by the conversion of Volodimer in 988. In the 1430s, the Khanate of Kazan emerged on the mid-Volga, breaking away from the Golden Horde, and roughly comprising the area of former Volga Bulgaria. Charles J. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Moscow
A principality (or sometimes princedom) is a type of monarchical state or feudal territory ruled by a prince or princess. It can be either a sovereign state or a constituent part of a larger political entity. The term "principality" is often used to describe small monarchies, particularly those in Europe, where the ruler holds the title of prince or an equivalent. Historically, principalities emerged during the Middle Ages as part of the feudal system, where local princes gained significant power within a king's domain. This led to political fragmentation and the creation of mini-states. Over time, many of these principalities consolidated into larger kingdoms and empires, while others retained their independence and prospered. Sovereign principalities which exist today include Liechtenstein, Monaco, and the co-principality of Andorra. Additionally, some royal primogenitures, such as Asturias in Spain, are styled as principalities. The term is also used generically for smal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghabdellatif Of Kazan
Ghabdellatif ( Volga Türki and Persian: عبداللطیف; – after 1502) was the Khan of the Kazan Khanate from 1496 to 1502. Ghabdellatif was the youngest son of Ibrahim of Kazan and Nur Soltan. When Ghabdellatif's father died in 1479, his mother married Meñli I Giray and relocated to the Crimean Khanate. Around 1490 Meñli I Giray sent Ghabdellatif to Muscovy for service, where he received the town of Zvenigorod, while his brother Moxammat Amin ruled Kashira. This was considered a great honor because these towns were usually given to the sons of the Grand Duke of Muscovy. After a 1495 coup against the pro-Muscovy Moxammat Amin, the khan Mamuq quickly discredited himself. Ghabdellatif was chosen as a weaker alternative to his brother Moxammat Amin with Moscow's approval. In 1499 another attempt was made to restore the Siberian dynasty to the throne of Kazan. Uraq attempted to establish Agalaq as Kazan khan, but the attempt was repelled. Ghabdellatif grew up in the Cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safa Giray Of Kazan
Safa Giray ( Crimean Tatar, Persian, and ) was three times khan of Kazan (1524–31, 1535–46, 1546–49). He was the nephew of the previous Kazan Khan Sahib Giray and brother of Moxammat Giray. First reign 1524–31: In 1524 a large Russian army approached Kazan and Sahib Giray fled. His 13-year-old nephew Safa Giray took his place. The Russian siege of Kazan failed and they withdrew. In 1530 another Russian army burned part of Kazan and Safa Giray fled to Arsk. The matter was settled when a faction deposed Safa Giray and enthroned the pro-Russian Jan Ali. Second reign 1535–46: Four years later, in 1535 the Kazan nobility expelled or killed the pro-Russian Jan Ali and Safa Giray returned to the throne. He married Jan Ali's wife or widow Söyembikä of Kazan. The pro-Russian faction wanted to enthrone Jan Ali's brother Shah Ali, but they were unsuccessful. The choice of an anti-Russian khan led to border fighting around Nizhny Novgorod. In 1537 or 1538 Safa Giray burned the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamuq Of Kazan
Mamıq ( Kypchak/; died 1498/1499), was khan of the Khanate of Kazan and was possibly the same person who was Khan of the Siberia Khanate. After murdering Ibak Khan in 1495, Mamuq left Tyumen Ulus and shifted his capital to Qashliq better known as Sibir. He led faithful Tyumen troops and Nogais to invade Kazan in 1495-96. With the support of coup of '' Qarachi'' Qol Muhammad Mamuq occupied Kazan in 1495 becoming Khan of Kazan List of Kazan khans who ruled the Khanate of Kazan before it was conquered by Russia. The First List has local spelling and dynasty. The Second List has very short biographies. First list *'' Ghiyath-ud-din Khan taking advantage of the troubles o ... from 1495–1496. He struggled against the local nobility and tried to centralize power. Finding the people and nobility of Kazan resistant and fearing the possible arrival of Russian reinforcements, Mamuq left Kazan and died on his way home in 1497-98. Notes 1498 deaths People from the Khanate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilham Ghali Of Kazan
Ilham ( Volga Türki and Persian: الهام علی, Tatar: İlham Ğäli) (c. 1449 – c. 1490) was a khan of Kazan Khanate The Khanate of Kazan was a Tatars, Tatar state that occupied the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia Republic, Chuvashia, Mordovia, and parts of Udmurti ... in 1479–1484 and 1485–1487. See also * List of Kazan khans References * 1440s births 1490s deaths Borjigin People from the Khanate of Kazan 15th-century monarchs in Europe {{Russia-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Of Kazan
Ibrahim Khan ( Volga Türki and Persian: ابراهیم خان; died 1479 or 1486) was the Khan of Kazan from 1467. He was the son of Mäxmüd. He was crowned after Xälil's death and was married to Nur Sultan. In 1467–1469 and 1478, he participated in wars against Muscovy. After concluding a treaty with Ivan III, all Russian prisoners of war held by the Khanate were released. He supported a policy of non-intervention into Muscovy's politics. Wars against Muscovy In 1467, Ivan III began to wage war against the Kazan Khanate. In the fall, he sent as a pretender Oglan Kasim, Ibrahim's uncle, who was supported by some of the Kazan nobility. Ibrahim destroyed numerous Muscovite forces in the battle on the Idel (Volga). At the head of opposition was mirza Gabgul-Mumin. The Russian campaign ended unsuccessfully, with the Russian army deciding to not cross the Volga to engage in combat with the Tatars. In response to this Ibrahim-khan in winter made a dragoon to the border a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mäxmüd Of Kazan
Mäxmüd Khan ( Volga Türki and Persian: محمود خان; ); in Russian chronicles ''Махмутек (Makhmutek);'' died 1466) was Khan of the Khanate of Kazan from 1445 to 1466. Life He was the eldest son of Oluğ Möxämmäd, and is reputed to be one of the Khanate's founders. Mäxmüd participated in his father's military campaigns against Muscovy, and in 1445, was victorious at the Battle of Suzdal, taking the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily II captive and forcing Muscovy to pay tribute (yasak). After the death of Oluğ Möxämmäd, Mäxmüd succeeded to the throne of Kazan. In December 1446, he supported Vasily II in dethroning Dmitry Shemyaka. In 1448, Mäxmüd attacked Moscow to preserve advantageous treaty conditions that were concluded after the battle of Suzdal. In that period, the Qasim Khanate, governed by Mäxmüd's relatives, was created as a buffer state between Muscovy and the Khanate of Kazan. See also *List of Kazan khans List of Kazan khans who ruled the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulugh Muhammad
Ulugh Muhammad or Muhammad Khan (1405–1445; Chagatai, Volga Türki, and Persian: الغ محمد; Kypchak: محمد خان; written as Ulanus by orientalists) was a medieval Tatar statesman, Gengisid, Khan of the Golden Horde (before 1436), ruler of Crimea (1437), and the founder of the Khanate of Kazan, which he ruled from 1438–1445. He was the son of the oglan Ichkile Hassan and the cousin of Tokhtamysh. He received the nickname "Ulugh", meaning older or large, in contrast to Küchük Muhammad, meaning younger or small. Ulugh Muhammad was Khan of the Golden Horde in 1419–1423, 1426, and 1428. In 1428–1432 he waged a stubborn struggle for possession of the Ulug Ulus with the representatives of a minor branch of the Tukaytimurids (one of the branches of the Gengisids). After being defeated, Ulugh Muhammad escaped to Volga Bulgaria vilayet in 1423. With the support of Vytautas, Ulugh Muhammad was able to regain the throne of the Golden Horde in 1426. He succeeded in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Vyrodkov
Ivan Grigoryevich Vyrodkov (; not later than 1520 – 1568) was a diak, Russian military engineer and inventor. Life Ivan Vyrodkov's name was first mentioned in 1538. It is known that he participated in Ivan the Terrible's military campaigns against Kazan, during the Russo-Kazan Wars. In 1551, Ivan Vyrodkov was in charge of the construction of Sviyazhsk - a wooden fortress near Kazan that he would build in 28 days. This would serve as a strong point for the capture of the city by the Muscovite army. In 1552, he supervised the fortification works during the siege of Kazan, and is credited for constructing a 12 metre high siege tower in just one night. Although older siege towers had been made obsolete by the advancement of artillery, Vyrodkov made a revolutionary alteration to the design: this new type of siege engine is more accurately described as a "battery-tower", as it was built for the bombardment of the city, able to hold ten large-calibre cannon and 50 lighter cannon. Thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Gorbatyi-Shuisky
Prince Alexander Borisovich Gorbatyi-Shuisky (; died 1565) was a Russian general during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. Life He belonged to the powerful Shuisky family, being the last scion of its junior branch. His father was one of the successful generals of Vasily III, but Alexander managed to outshine him at an early age. He was made boyar in 1544 and led the Russian armies against Khanate of Kazan in 1547. Five years later, when Kazan was besieged, he annihilated the force of prince Yapancha at Arsk Field, making possible the final conquest of Kazan later that year. In acknowledgement of his important services, he was appointed the first Russian governor of Kazan. During the next decade he not only managed to keep Kazan in Russian hands, but also rebuilt the ruined citadel and converted a large portion of the khanate's population to Christianity. Ivan the Terrible, apparently, grew jealous of Alexander's popularity in Moscow. In 1564, the tsar incriminated him of secret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan The Terrible
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (; – ), commonly known as Ivan the Terrible,; ; monastic name: Jonah. was Grand Prince of Moscow, Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1533 to 1547, and the first Tsar of all Russia, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia from 1547 until his death in 1584. Ivan's reign was characterised by Russia's transformation from a medieval state to a fledgling empire, but at an immense cost to its people and long-term economy. Ivan IV was the eldest son of Vasili III of Russia, Vasili III by his second wife Elena Glinskaya, and a grandson of Ivan III of Russia, Ivan III. He succeeded his father after his death, when he was three years old. A group of reformers united around the young Ivan, crowning him as tsar in 1547 at the age of 16. In the early years of his reign, Ivan ruled with the group of reformers known as the Chosen Council and established the ''Zemsky Sobor'', a new assembly convened by the tsar. He also revised the Sudebnik of 1550, legal code and in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canghali Of Kazan
Dzhan-Ali ( Volga Türki and Persian: جان علی; , ; in Russian chronicles as Yanaley / Yenaley, ''Яналей'', ''Еналей''; 1516–1535) was ruler of the Khanate of Qasim in 1519–1532 and then Khanate of Kazan in 1532–1535. He was the son of Qasim khan Sheikh Auliyar (''Şäyexäwliyär'') (r. 1512-15) and younger brother of Qasim khan Shah-Ali (''Şahğali'') (r. 1515-19). When Shah Ali moved to Kazan Jan Ali took the throne. The Qasim Khanate was a vassal state of Muscovy. Canghali as its ruler had close ties with Muscovy. In 1532 Vasili III of Russia defeated Kazan, khan Safagäräy fled and the 16-year-old Canghali was brought in as a pro-Russian ruler of the bigger and generally independent Kazan Khanate. In 1533 Canghali married Söyembika, the daughter of Nogay nobleman. During his reign he was completely manipulated by Bulat Shirin (Bulat Şirin, /boo-LAHT shee-RREEN/) and queen Gawharshat (Gäwhärşat, /geh-w-ha-rr-SHAHT/), widow or sister of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
