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Russian Television And Radio Broadcasting Network
Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network (RTRN) () is a unitary enterprise created on August 13, 2001, by decree of the president of the Russian Federation. The company is included in the list of Russian strategic enterprises. RTRN operates Russia's digital terrestrial television (DTT) network — the largest operating broadcasting network in the world. It consists of 5040 transmission sites and 10,080 transmitters. Almost 75% out of the 5040 transmission sites were built from scratch. RTRN's DTT services cover 98,4% of the Russian population. RTRN provides terrestrial transmission of 20 must-carry public television channels and three radio stations broadcasting over the territory of the Russian Federation. RTRN also serves other radio and television channels of both all-Russian and regional types distributing the programs of the latter. Multichannel terrestrial radio and television broadcasting in Russia is provided by 78 broadcasting centers functioning as RTRN regiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal State Unitary Enterprise
A unitary enterprise () is a government-owned corporation in Russia and some other post-Soviet states. Unitary enterprises are business entities that have no ownership rights to the assets that they use in their operations. This form is possible only for state and municipal enterprises, which respectively operate state or municipal property. The owners of the property of a unitary enterprise have no responsibility for its operation and vice versa. Russia Federal Law No. 161-ФЗ "''On State and Municipal Unitary Enterprises''" (amended July 13, 2015), defines the legal status of unitary enterprises in Russia. The State Duma passed this law on October 11, 2002, and President Putin signed it on November 14, 2002. The assets of unitary enterprises belong to the federal government, to a Russian federal subject, or to a municipality. A unitary enterprise holds assets under economic management (for both state and municipal unitary enterprises) or under operative management (for stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rossiya Channel
Russia-1 () is a state-owned Russian television channel, first aired on 14 February 1956 as Programme Two in the Soviet Union. It was relaunched as RTR on 13 May 1991, and is known today as Russia-1. It is the flagship channel of the All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (VGTRK).Alexei Bessudnov, "Media Map" (183–189), ''Index on Censorship'', Volume 37, Number 1, 2008, p. 184. In 2008 Russia-1 had the second largest audience in Russian television. In a typical week, it was viewed by 75% of urban Russians, compared to 83% for the leading channel, Channel One. The two channels are similar in their politics, and they compete directly in entertainment. Russia-1 has many regional variations and broadcasts in many languages. History Soviet period Russia-1 started broadcasting as The Second Moscow Programme (Programme Two) in 1956. From the very start, it only hosted programs produced by the Ministry of Education of the Soviet Union, as well as children's progra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Tallest Freestanding Structures In The World
The tallest structure in the world is the Burj Khalifa skyscraper at . Listed are guyed masts (such as telecommunication masts), self-supporting towers (such as the CN Tower), skyscrapers (such as the Willis Tower), oil platforms, electricity transmission towers, and bridge support towers. This list is organized by absolute height. See History of the world's tallest structures, Tallest structures by category, and List of tallest buildings for additional information about these types of structures. Terminology Terminological and listing criteria follow Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat definitions. Guyed masts are differentiated from towers – the latter not featuring any guy wires or other support structures; and buildings are differentiated from towers – the former having at least 50% of occupiable floor space although both are self-supporting structures. Lists by height This list includes structures of all types over 350 meters (1148 feet). Plus it includes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostankino District
Ostankinsky District, also called simply Ostankino, is an administrative district (raion) of North-Eastern Administrative Okrug, and one of the 125 raions of Moscow, Russia. VDNH exhibition center and Ostankino Tower, the tallest structure in Europe, are located in Ostankinsky. The district is served by Moscow Monorail. History and etymology Ostankinsky district is named after Ostankino village, which existed on the site before urbanization. Its name literally means 'remains'; however, despite popular misconception, it was not built on a graveyard. 16th-century sources refer to the village as ''Ostashkovo'', from the Christian name Eustachy. As a populated place Ostankino has been known at least since the Russian Time of Troubles, but it is better associated with the Sheremetiev estate in the form of a park and palace complex. During the dissolution of the Soviet Union it gained even more fame with its television tower and television centre. Parks, squares, and pedestrian zo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
October Revolution
The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Historiography in the Soviet Union, Soviet historiography), October coup, Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was the second of Russian Revolution, two revolutions in Russia in 1917. It was led by Vladimir Lenin's Bolsheviks as part of the broader Russian Revolution of 1917–1923. It began through an insurrection in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) on . It was the precipitating event of the Russian Civil War. The initial stage of the October Revolution, which involved the assault on Petrograd, occurred largely without any casualties. The October Revolution followed and capitalized on the February Revolution earlier that year, which had led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of the Russian Provisional Government. The provisional government, led by Alexander Kerensky, had taken power after Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duke Michael, the younger brother of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Nikitin
Nikolai Vasilyevich Nikitin (; 15 December 1907 – 3 March 1973) was a Soviet architect, structural designer and construction engineer, best known for his monumental structures. Biography Early life Nikolai was born in Tobolsk, Russian Empire to the family of a typographical engineer who later worked as a judicial clerk. His father was Vasily Nikitin (1893-1956), who specialized in welding and other elements of electrical engineering. When Nikolai was 17, a snakebite left him with a permanent foot injury. Career In 1930, Nikolai graduated from the Tomsk Technological Institute with training in construction. In 1932, he designed the train station of Novosibirsk. By 1937, he was living and working in Moscow. He turned his attention to calculations for the foundation of the monumental Palace of the Soviets which was to be constructed at the site of the demolished Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. In 1957, he was appointed chief designer of Mosproekt-2 - Institute for the P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostankino Tower
Ostankino Tower () is a television and radio tower in Moscow, Russia, owned by the Moscow branch of unitary enterprise Russian TV and Radio Broadcasting Network. Standing , it was designed by Nikolai Nikitin. , it is the tallest free-standing structure in Europe and 15th tallest in the world. Between 1967 and 1974, it was the tallest in the world. The tower was the first free-standing structure to exceed in height. Ostankino was built to mark the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. It is named after the surrounding Ostankino district of Moscow. Upon the completion of construction, approximately 10,000,000 individuals resided within the transmitter coverage area, which expanded to over 15,000,000 people by 2014. This area encompasses Moscow and the Moscow Region, as well as certain portions of the Vladimir and Kaluga regions. The ownership of the TV tower lies with the Moscow Regional Center, a division of the Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network (RTR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FM Broadcasting
FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting that uses frequency modulation (FM) of the radio broadcast carrier wave. Invented in 1933 by American engineer Edwin Armstrong, wide-band FM is used worldwide to transmit high fidelity, high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. FM broadcasting offers higher fidelity—more accurate reproduction of the original program sound—than other broadcasting techniques, such as AM broadcasting. It is also less susceptible to Electromagnetic interference, common forms of interference, having less static and popping sounds than are often heard on AM. Therefore, FM is used for most broadcasts of music and general audio (in the audio spectrum). FM radio stations use the very high frequency range of radio frequency, radio frequencies. Broadcast bands Throughout the world, the FM broadcast band falls within the VHF part of the radio spectrum. Usually 87.5 to 108.0 MHz is used, or some portion of it, with few exceptions: * In the Commo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gosuslugi
The Federal State Information System "Unified Portal of State and Municipal Services (Functions)" (), commonly referred to as Gosuslugi () is a digital platform operated by the Russian government. The platform was established in 2011 with the aim of providing individuals and legal entities with online access to information about state and municipal services in the Russian Federation, as well as providing electronic forms for these services. Gosuslugi allows users to access information about state functions for control and supervision, services provided by state and municipal institutions, and services offered by organizations involved in the provision of state and municipal services. All services offered on the portal are linked to specific regions of Russia, with the availability of services and their conditions for provision being determined by the location where the service is requested. As of December 30, 2020, the platform had registered 126 million users in Russia. Histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolby Digital
Dolby Digital, originally synonymous with Dolby AC-3 (see below), is the name for a family of audio compression technologies developed by Dolby Laboratories. Called Dolby Stereo Digital until 1995, it is lossy compression (except for Dolby TrueHD). The first use of Dolby Digital was to provide digital sound in cinemas from 35 mm film prints. It has since also been used for TV broadcast, radio broadcast via satellite, digital video streaming, DVDs, Blu-ray discs and game consoles. Dolby AC-3 was the original version of the Dolby Digital codec. The basis of the Dolby AC-3 multi-channel audio coding standard is the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT), a lossy audio compression algorithm. It is a modification of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm, which was proposed by Nasir Ahmed in 1972 for image compression. The DCT was adapted into the MDCT by J.P. Princen, A.W. Johnson and Alan B. Bradley at the University of Surrey in 1987. Dolby Laboratories adap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV
Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) is both an industry standard ( European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) TS 102 796) and promotional initiative for hybrid digital television to harmonise the broadcast, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), and broadband delivery of entertainment to the end consumer through connected TVs (smart TVs) and set-top boxes. The HbbTV Association, comprising digital broadcasting and Internet industry companies, has established a standard for the delivery of broadcast TV and broadband TV to the home, through a single user interface, creating an open platform as an alternative to proprietary technologies. Products and services using the HbbTV standard can operate over different broadcasting technologies, such as satellite, cable, or terrestrial networks. HbbTV can show digital television content from a number of different sources including traditional broadcast TV, Internet, and connected devices in the home. To watch hybrid digital TV, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vesti FM
Vesti FM (, ''News FM'') is a Russian national radio station owned and operated by VGTRK. The station's manager is Ekaterina Shchekina. Operating throughout Russia, the station broadcasts on FM and MW and it, along with Radio Rossii and Radio Mayak, is also included in the first multiplex of digital television in Russia using DVB-T2 technology. History The station began broadcasting on 5 February 2008 at 6:00 in Moscow on 97.6 MHz. Initially broadcasting in Moscow and St. Petersburg, it now broadcasts to more than sixty regions in Russia. Transmitters At the end of the 1960s, the USSR began to build a powerful transmitter site for the broadcasting soft propaganda to Western countries in Grigoriupol in the Maiac region of Transnistria. The ''de facto'' Transnistrian government sold the facility to the Russian state media company RIA Novosti in 2007, and the Russian government mandated that Vesti FM be transmitted over Grigoriupol's powerful medium-wave transmitters. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
