|
Romanian People's Republic
The Socialist Republic of Romania (, RSR) was a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989 (see Revolutions of 1989). From 1947 to 1965, the state was known as the Romanian People's Republic (, RPR). The country was an Eastern Bloc state and a member of the Warsaw Pact with a dominant role for the Romanian Communist Party enshrined in its constitutions. Geographically, RSR was bordered by the Black Sea to the east, the Soviet Union (via the Ukrainian and Moldavian SSRs) to the north and east, Hungary and Yugoslavia (via SR Serbia) to the west, and Bulgaria to the south. As World War II ended, Romania, a former Axis member which had overthrown their pro-Axis government, was occupied by the Soviet Union as the sole representative of the Allies. On 6 March 1945, after mass demonstrations by communist sympathizers and political pressure from the Soviet representative of the Allied Control Commission, a new pro-Soviet go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Workers Of The World, Unite!
The political slogan "Workers of the world, unite!" is one of the rallying cries from ''The Communist Manifesto'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (, literally , but soon popularised in English language, English as "Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains!"). A variation of this phrase ("Workers of all lands, unite") is also inscribed on Tomb of Karl Marx, Marx's tombstone. The essence of the slogan is that members of the working classes throughout the world should cooperate to defeat capitalism and achieve victory in the class conflict. Overview Five years before ''The Communist Manifesto'', this phrase appeared in the 1843 book ''The Workers' Union'' by Flora Tristan. The International Workingmen's Association, described by Engels as "the first international movement of the working class" was persuaded by Engels to change its motto from the League of the Just's "all men are brothers" to "working men of all countries, unite!". It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great National Assembly (Socialist Republic Of Romania)
The Great National Assembly (, MAN) was the supreme body of state power of the Socialist Republic of Romania. The Great National Assembly was the only branch of government in Romania, and per the principle of unified power, all state organs were subservient to it. After Romanian Revolution, the overthrow of Communism in Romania in December 1989, the Great National Assembly was dissolved by decree of the National Salvation Front (Romania), National Salvation Front (FSN) and eventually replaced by the Bicameralism, bicameral Parliament of Romania, parliament, made up of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania, Assembly of Deputies and the Senate of Romania, Senate. The Great National Assembly was elected every four years, and each individual member represented 60,000 citizens. The system was created to imitate the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Soviet model. Powers The MAN had the power to, among other things, amend the constitution and appoint and depose the Supreme Commander of the R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De-satellization Of Communist Romania
The de-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania from the Soviet Union was the release of Romania from its Soviet satellite status in the 1960s. The Romanian leadership achieved the de-satellization partly by taking advantage of Nikita Khrushchev's errors and vulnerabilities. Romania's independence was tolerated by Moscow because its ruling party was not going to abandon communism. Although Romania remained a member of both the Warsaw Pact and Comecon, it was not to be a docile member of either. Even before Nicolae Ceaușescu came to power, Romania was a genuinely independent country, as opposed to the rest of the Warsaw Pact. To some extent, it was even more independent than Cuba (a socialist state that was not a member of the Warsaw Pact). The Romanian regime was largely impervious to Soviet political influence, and Ceaușescu was the only declared opponent of ''glasnost'' and ''perestroika''. Due to the conflictual relationship between Bucharest and Moscow, the West ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1952 Constitution Of Romania
The 1952 Constitution of Romania, also called the "constitution of building socialism", expressed the consolidation of Communist power, featuring greater ideological content than its 1948 predecessor. A draft was written by a commission elected by the Great National Assembly on March 27, 1952, and published on July 18. By a 324-0 vote, it was adopted by the Great National Assembly on September 24, when it came into force, and published three days later. The document contained an introductory chapter and ten further chapters containing 105 articles. Romania was proclaimed a "state of working people from the cities and villages" that "was born as a result of the historic victory of the Soviet Union against German fascism and the liberation of Romania by the glorious Red Army, a liberation that empowered the working people, above all the working class led by the Communist Party, to demolish the fascist dictatorship, to destroy the power of the exploiting classes and to build a state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1948 Constitution Of Romania
The 1948 Constitution of Romania was the first adopted after the establishment of the Romanian People's Republic, which it enshrined into law. It was modelled on the 1936 Soviet Constitution and adopted by the Great National Assembly (MAN) on 13 April 1948, being published in '' Monitorul Oficial'' the same day. The Romanian People's Republic was defined as a "unitary and sovereign people's state" that "came into being through a struggle led by the people, the working class at their head, against fascism, reaction and imperialism".Stoica, pp.91-2 It proclaimed the principle of the sovereignty of the people, who "exercises its power through representative organs, elected by universal, equal, direct and secret vote". In reality, because a single party, the Romanian Workers' Party, controlled all the levers of power, this principle was never put into practice. In a first for a constitutional act in Romania, provisions were introduced dealing with the socio-economic structure of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1947 Romanian Coup D'etat
Michael I ( ; 25 October 1921 – 5 December 2017) was the last King of Romania, reigning from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930 and again from 6 September 1940 until his forced abdication on 30 December 1947. Shortly after Michael's birth, his father, Carol II of Romania, Crown Prince Carol, had become involved in a controversial relationship with Magda Lupescu. In 1925, Carol was pressured to renounce his rights (in favour of his son Michael) to the throne and moved to Paris in exile with Lupescu. In July 1927, following the death of his grandfather Ferdinand I of Romania, Ferdinand I, Michael ascended the throne at age five, the youngest crowned head in Europe. As Michael was still a minor, a regency council was instituted, composed of his uncle Prince Nicholas of Romania, Prince Nicolas, Patriarch Miron Cristea and Chief Justice Gheorghe Buzdugan. The council proved to be ineffective and, in 1930, Carol returned to Romania and replaced his son as monarch, reigning as Carol II. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantin Dăscălescu
Constantin Dăscălescu ( , ; 2 July 1923 – 15 May 2003) was a Romanian communist politician who served as Prime Minister of Romania during the communist rule of Nicolae Ceaușescu, from 21 May 1982 until the Romanian Revolution in 22 December 1989. He was born in Breaza de Sus, Prahova County, to Nicolae and Stanca Dăscălescu. From 1937 to 1941 he trained as a metal lathe operator at a vocational school in his hometown, after which he started working at the Astra Română company in Câmpina. In October 1945 he joined the Romanian Communist Party (PCR), and stayed on his job until November 1947. From 1949 to 1962 he studied at various schools for communist cadres: in Ploiești, at the Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy in Bucharest, and at the International Lenin School in Moscow. At the same time, he advanced in the PCR hierarchy, and served as First Secretary of the Communist Party in Galați Galați ( , , ; also known by other #Etymology and names, alternative names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petru Groza
Petru Groza (7 December 1884 – 7 January 1958) was a Romanian politician, best known as the first Prime Minister of Romania, Prime Minister of the Romanian Communist Party, Communist Party-dominated government under Soviet Union, Soviet Soviet occupation of Romania, occupation during the early stages of the Socialist Republic of Romania, Communist regime in Romania, and later as the President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly (Socialist Republic of Romania), Great National Assembly (nominal head of state of Romania) from 1952 until his death in 1958. Groza emerged as a public figure at the end of World War I as a notable member of the Romanian National Party (PNR), preeminent layman of the Romanian Orthodox Church, and then member of the Directory Council of Transylvania. In 1925–26 he served as Minister of State in the cabinet of Mareșal (Romania), Marshal Alexandru Averescu. In 1933, Groza founded a left-wing Agrarianism, Agrarian organization known as the P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Heads Of Government Of Romania
This is a list consisting of all the Head of government, heads of government of modern and contemporary Romania (i.e. Prime Minister of Romania, prime ministers, both in Constitution of Romania, full constitutional powers and acting (law), acting or ad interim), since the establishment of the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, United Principalities in 1859 to the present day. The incumbent acting prime minister of Romania, as of , is Cătălin Predoiu, the current leader of the National Liberal Party (Romania), National Liberal Party (PNL), who has been serving since 6 May 2025 onwards, after the resignation of Marcel Ciolacu. Previously Ciolacu has been leading a Social Democratic Party (Romania), PSD-National Liberal Party (Romania), PNL Grand coalition#Romania, grand coalition government, as part of and representing the ruling National Coalition for Romania (CNR), since mid June 2023 to the present day. The First Ciolacu Cabinet was the second CNR government t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantin Ion Parhon
Constantin Ion Parhon (; 15 October 1874 – 9 August 1969) was a Romanian neuropsychiatrist, endocrinologist and politician. He was the first head of state of the Romanian People's Republic from 1947 to 1952. Parhon was President of the Physicians and Naturalists Society in Iași, director of medical institutes, professor, and a titular member of the Romanian Academy. Early life and education He was born in Câmpulung to the schoolteacher Ioan Parhon and his wife Maria (née Bauer). His father was originally from Cetatea de Baltă (today Alba County, formerly Târnava-Mică County). He started his secondary studies in Focșani and at the Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu High School in Buzău, and completed them at the Saints Peter and Paul High School in Ploiești, obtaining his baccalaureate in 1892. Parhon then went to Bucharest, where he studied medicine at the University of Bucharest from 1893 to 1900, when he obtained the scientific title of Doctor of Medicine with the the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Heads Of State Of Romania
This is a list consisting of all the heads of state of modern and contemporary Romania, from the establishment of the United Principalities in 1859 to the present day. The incumbent head of state, as of , is President Nicușor Dan. United Principalities (1859–1881) Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947) Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989) ;Title * 1947–1948: President of the Provisional Presidium of the Republic * 1948–1961: President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly * 1961–1989: President of the State Council * 1974–1989: President of Romania ;Status General Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party/Romanian Communist Party Romania (1989–present) The Constitution of Romania prohibits the President to be a member of any political party while in office. The parties listed below represent the political affiliation before the 1991 Constitution was adopted and the party affiliation of the ad interim ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolae Ceaușescu
Nicolae Ceaușescu ( ; ; – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian politician who was the second and last Communism, communist leader of Socialist Romania, Romania, serving as the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 until Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu, his execution in 1989. Widely regarded as a dictator, he was the country's head of state from 1967 to 1989, serving as President of the State Council of Romania, State Council from 1967 and as the first President of Romania, president from 1974. He was overthrown and executed in the Romanian Revolution on 25 December 1989 along with his wife Elena Ceaușescu, as part of a series of Anti-communism, anti-communist uprisings in Eastern Europe that year. Born in 1918 in Scornicești, Ceaușescu was a member of the Romanian Communist youth movement. He was arrested in 1939 and sentenced for "conspiracy against social order", spending the time during World War II in prisons and internment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
