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Revolutionary Government Of The Republic Of Indonesia
The Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (, PRRI) was a revolutionary government set up in Sumatra to oppose the central government of Indonesia in 1958. Although frequently referred to as the PRRI/Permesta rebellion, the Permesta rebels were a separate movement in Sulawesi, that had pledged allegiance with the PRRI on 17 February 1958. Background: Rebellion of the colonels Prior to the establishment of the PRRI, there were several "rebellions" led by the various regional Army commanders in Sumatra. These events were the result of growing dissatisfaction with the Central Government and Indonesia's faltering economic development. The Central Government was seen by some in the outer islands (i.e. outside of Java) as disconnected from the Indonesian people. Some Army commands in the outer islands began covert smuggling operations of copra and contraband items to improve their financial position. These operations were soon followed with requests for greater economi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Indonesia
The national flag of Indonesia is a simple Bicolour (flag), bicolor with two horizontal bands, red (top) and white (bottom) with an overall ratio of 2:3. It was introduced and hoisted in public during the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945 at 56 Jalan Proklamasi (formerly Jalan Pegangsaan Timur) in Jakarta, and again when the Dutch United States of Indonesia, formally transferred sovereignty on 27 December 1949. The design of the flag has remained unchanged since. The flag of Indonesia is graphically similar to the flag of Monaco, with a slight difference in the shade of red, and ratio of its dimensions. The flag of Poland has similar dimensions but has the colours reversed: white on top and red on the bottom. In both Monaco's and Poland's flags, the reds are of a slightly darker shade than that of Indonesia. The flag of Singapore has exactly the same dimensions as Indonesia's, but supplemented with a white crescent moon and f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elephant
Elephants are the largest living land animals. Three living species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant ('' Loxodonta africana''), the African forest elephant (''L. cyclotis''), and the Asian elephant ('' Elephas maximus''). They are the only surviving members of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea; extinct relatives include mammoths and mastodons. Distinctive features of elephants include a long proboscis called a trunk, tusks, large ear flaps, pillar-like legs, and tough but sensitive grey skin. The trunk is prehensile, bringing food and water to the mouth and grasping objects. Tusks, which are derived from the incisor teeth, serve both as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging. The large ear flaps assist in maintaining a constant body temperature as well as in communication. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs, whereas Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs. Elephants are scatter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eny Karim
Eny Karim (22 October 1910 – 5 September 1995), also spelled as Eni Karim, was an Indonesian politician and civil servant from West Sumatra who served as Minister of Agriculture under the Second Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet, and briefly as governor of North Sumatra in 1963. Early life Karim was born in Batusangkar, today in the Tanah Datar Regency of West Sumatra, on 22 October 1910. He underwent education in Bukittinggi, completing elementary education in 1924, MULO in 1927, and a "nobility school" (MOSVIA) training local nobility to be civil servants in 1931. Career After completing school, Karim was assigned by the colonial government to Pontianak, where he worked for eight years before he returned to West Sumatra to be assigned in Solok. After the Japanese invasion, Karim went into hiding for some time as the Japanese sought to capture former colonial officials before a lack of administrative personnel prompted the Japanese to offer Karim his civil servant work back. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bukittinggi
Bukittinggi (, Jawi script, Jawi: , formerly ) is the third largest city in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of 111,312 in 2010Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 121,028 in 2020.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. An official estimate as of mid 2023 lists a population of 124,047, consisting of 61,949 males and 62,098 females.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Bukittinggi Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.1375) The city covers an area of 25.24 km2. It is located in the Minangkabau Highlands, 90 km by road from the West Sumatran capital city of Padang, Indonesia, Padang. The city is completely surrounded by the Agam Regency (Bukittinggi was its regency seat until 1998), making it an enclave and exclave, enclave within the regency, and it is located at , near the volcanoes Mount Singgalang (inactive) and Mount Marapi (still active). At 930 m above sea level, the city has a cool climate with temperatures between 16.1° to 24.9&nbs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukarno
Sukarno (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch East Indies, Dutch colonialists. He was a prominent leader of Indonesian National Party, Indonesia's nationalist movement during the colonial period and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the Dutch East Indies campaign, invading Empire of Japan, Japanese forces in World War II. Sukarno and his fellow nationalists Collaboration with Imperial Japan#Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas. Upon Surrender of Japan, Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, and Sukarno was appoin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamengkubuwono IX
Shri#South and Southeast Asia, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX (Javanese script, Hanacaraka: ; 12 April 1912 – 2 October 1988), often abbreviated as HB IX, was an Indonesian politician and Javanese people, Javanese royal who was the second Vice President of Indonesia, vice president of Indonesia, the ninth Sultanate of Yogyakarta, sultan of Yogyakarta, and the first governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Hamengkubuwono IX was also the chairman of the first National Scout Movement Quarter and was known as the Father of the Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia, Indonesian Scouts. Early life and education Early life Born as Gusti Raden Mas Dorodjatun, in Sompilan, Ngasem, Yogyakarta, Hamengkubuwono IX was the ninth son of Prince Gusti Pangeran Puruboyo —later titled Hamengkubuwono VIII— with his consort, Raden Ajeng Kustilah. When he was four, he was sent away to live with the Mulder family, a Dutch family which lived in the Gondokusuman area. While living with the Mulder family, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta is the capital city of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by Hamengkubuwono, a monarchy, Yogyakarta is regarded as an important centre for classical Javanese culture, Javanese fine arts and culture such as ballet, ''batik'' textiles, drama, Javanese literature, literature, music of Java, music, Javanese poetry, poetry, silversmithing, visual arts, and ''wayang'' puppetry. Renowned as a centre of Education in Indonesia, Indonesian education, Yogyakarta is home to a large student population and dozens of schools and universities, including Gadjah Mada University, the country's largest institute of higher education and one of its most prestigious. Yogyakarta is the capital of the Yogyakarta Sultanate and served as the Indonesian capital from 1946 to 1948 during the Indonesian National Revolution, with Gedung Agung as the president's office. One of the districts in s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Hatta
Mohammad Hatta ( ; 12 August 1902 – 14 March 1980) was an Indonesian statesman, nationalist, and independence activist who served as the country's first Vice President of Indonesia, vice president as well as the third prime minister. Known as "The Proclamator", he and a number of Indonesians, including the first president of Indonesia, Sukarno, fought for the independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands. Hatta was an important figure during the Indonesian national awakening and during the national revolution. As a youth he was politically active in both the Netherlands and the Indies, which led him to be imprisoned in the Boven-Digoel concentration camp, Boven Digoel concentration camp for his activism. He also played a crucial role in the proclamation of Indonesian independence, being the second person to sign the declaration besides Sukarno, thus making him one of the founders of Indonesia. Early life, family, and early education Early life and family Hatta was born in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djuanda Cabinet
The Djuanda Cabinet (), also known as the Working Cabinet (), was an Indonesian cabinet that served from 9 April 1957 until 10 July 1959, when it was dissolved by a President Sukarno's 1959 Decree, decree from President Sukarno. Background On 14 March 1957, the Second Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet collapsed as a result of pressure from regional rebellions, splits between the parties comprising it and attacks on the political system, which led to the resignations of members. President Sukarno had expressed his desire for a ''gotong royong'' (mutual assistance) cabinet, in which the four major parties, including the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) would work together in the national interest. However, following vociferous opposition from the other parties and the Indonesian Army, Army, Sukarno was forced to back down. On 15 March, he asked Indonesian National Party chairman Suwirjo to form a cabinet, but he failed, with the result that Sukarno himself called a meeting on 14 April of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ventje Sumual
Herman Nicolas Ventje Sumual (11 June 1923 – 28 March 2010) was a military officer involved in the Indonesian National Revolution he also involved in General Offensive of 1 March 1949. His appointments include regional commander of KODAM VII/Wirabuana, but he is best known as the leader of the Permesta Permesta was a rebel movement in Indonesia that was declared on 2 March 1957 by civil and military leaders in Eastern Indonesia. Initially the center of the movement was in Makassar, which at that time was the capital of the province of Sulawe ... movement and their proclamators. References * Matindas, Benny, and Supit, Bert (1998) ''Ventje Sumual, Pemimpin Yang Menatap Hanya Ke Depan: Biografi Seorang Patriot, Filsuf, Gembong Pemberontak (Ventje Sumual, a Leader that only Looks Forward: A biography of a Patriot, Philosopher, Rebel)'', Bina Insani, Jakarta 1923 births 2010 deaths People from Manado Indonesian Christians Minahasa people People from Minahasa Reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Sulawesi
North Sulawesi () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is mainly located on the Minahasa Peninsula of the island of Sulawesi, south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah, Malaysia, but also includes various small archipelagoes situated between the Minahasa Peninsula and southern Philippines. It borders the Philippines province of Davao Occidental and Soccsksargen, Soccsksargen regions to the north, the Maluku Sea to the east, Gorontalo (its sole land border) and the Celebes Sea to the west and the Gulf of Tomini to the southwest. The province's furthest extent, the outlying and isolated island of Miangas to its north, is the northernmost island of Indonesia that has the country's sole and only border with the Philippines. The province's area is , and its population was 2,270,596 according to the 2010 census;Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. this rose to 2,621,923 at the 2020 Census,Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. while the official estimate as at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulawesi Scops Owl
The Sulawesi scops owl (''Otus manadensis'') is an owl found on the Sulawesi island of Indonesia. The Banggai scops owl (''Otus mendeni'') was formerly considered conspecific, but was split as a distinct species by the International Ornithologists' Union, IOC in 2021. References External links * * Otus (bird), Sulawesi scops owl Endemic birds of Sulawesi Birds described in 1830, Sulawesi scops owl Taxa named by Jean René Constant Quoy Taxa named by Joseph Paul Gaimard {{Strigiformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
