Reverse Transcribing Virus (other)

	Reverse Transcribing Virus (other) Reverse-transcribing virus is a generic term, which may refer to any member of the families: * ''Retroviridae'', ''Metaviridae'', ''Belpaoviridae'' or ''Pseudoviridae'' (Baltimore-Group VI: ssRNA-RT virus) * ''Caulimoviridae'' or ''Hepadnaviridae'' (Baltimore-Group VII: dsDNA-RT virus) Families ''Retroviridae'', ''Metaviridae'', ''Belpaoviridae'', ''Pseudoviridae'', and ''Caulimoviridae'' are included in the order ''Ortervirales ''Ortervirales'' is an order that contains all accepted species of single-stranded RNA viruses that replicate through a DNA intermediate (Group VI) and all accepted species of double-stranded DNA viruses (except ''Hepadnaviridae'') that replicate ...''. References {{SIA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Retroviridae A retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell. After invading a host cell's cytoplasm, the virus uses its own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome, the reverse of the usual pattern, thus ''retro'' (backward). The new DNA is then incorporated into the host cell genome by an integrase enzyme, at which point the retroviral DNA is referred to as a provirus. The host cell then treats the viral DNA as part of its own genome, transcribing and translating the viral genes along with the cell's own genes, producing the proteins required to assemble new copies of the virus. Many retroviruses cause serious diseases in humans, other mammals, and birds. Retroviruses have many subfamilies in three basic groups. * Oncoretroviruses (cancer-causing retroviruses) include human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) causing a type of leukemia in humans, and murine le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Metaviridae ''Metaviridae'' is a family of viruses which exist as Ty3-gypsy LTR retrotransposons in a eukaryotic host's genome. They are closely related to retroviruses: members of the family ''Metaviridae'' share many genomic elements with retroviruses, including length, organization, and genes themselves. This includes genes that encode reverse transcriptase, integrase, and capsid proteins. The reverse transcriptase and integrase proteins are needed for the retrotransposon activity of the virus. In some cases, virus-like particles can be formed from capsid proteins. Some assembled virus-like particles of members of the family ''Metaviridae'' can penetrate and infect previously uninfected cells. An example of this is the gypsy, a retroelement found in the ''Drosophila melanogaster'' genome. The ability to infect other cells is determined by the presence of the retroviral ''env'' genes which encode coat proteins. Metaviridae retrotransposons are found in all eukaryotes known and studied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Belpaoviridae ''Semotivirus'' is the only genus of viruses in the family ''Belpaoviridae'' (formerly included in the family ''Metaviridae''). Species exist as retrotransposons in a Eukaryote, eukaryotic host's genome. BEL/pao transposons are only found in animals. ''Semotivirus'' is the only genus currently recognized, the genus description corresponds to the family, ''Belpaoviridae'' description. Classification The lone genus in the family, ''Semotivirus'', was formerly included in the ''Metaviridae'' family but was removed due to its paraphyletic relationship to other ''Metaviridae'' genera. There is a good chance that more species and genera will be added to the family ''Belpaoviridae'' in the future, given the diversity of belpaovirids that is already recognized. The Pol domain order of the families ''Belpaoviridae'', ''Metaviridae'', and ''Retrovirus, Retroviridae'' is the same within the order ''Ortervirales'', however the integrase is either lacking in the case of the ''Caulimoviridae'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pseudoviridae ''Pseudoviridae'' is a family of viruses, which includes three genera. Viruses of the family are actually LTR retrotransposons of the Ty1-copia family. They replicate via structures called virus-like particles (VLPs). VLPs are not infectious like normal virions, but they nevertheless make up an essential part of the pseudoviral lifecycle. Taxonomy ''Pseudoviridae'' is unofficially classified under group VI RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses and infect fungi and invertebrates. ''Pseudoviridae'' comprises highly divergent members and most ''Pseudoviridae'' encode Gag and Pol on a single open reading frame. ''Pseudoviridae'' is included in the order ''Ortervirales'' along with families ''Belpaoviridae'', ''Metaviridae'', ''Retroviridae'', and ''Caulimoviridae''. The family includes the following genera: * ''Hemivirus'' * ''Pseudovirus (genus), Pseudovirus'' * ''Sirevirus'' Further ''Pseudoviridae'' species not classified into a genus are: * Penicillium camemberti virus – GP1NCB ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	SsRNA-RT Virus A retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell. After invading a host cell's cytoplasm, the virus uses its own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome, the reverse of the usual pattern, thus ''retro'' (backward). The new DNA is then incorporated into the host cell genome by an integrase enzyme, at which point the retroviral DNA is referred to as a provirus. The host cell then treats the viral DNA as part of its own genome, transcribing and translating the viral genes along with the cell's own genes, producing the proteins required to assemble new copies of the virus. Many retroviruses cause serious diseases in humans, other mammals, and birds. Retroviruses have many subfamilies in three basic groups. * Oncoretroviruses (cancer-causing retroviruses) include human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) causing a type of leukemia in humans, and murine leukem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Caulimoviridae ''Caulimoviridae'' is a family of viruses infecting plants. The family contains 11 genera. Viruses belonging to the family ''Caulimoviridae'' are termed double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) reverse-transcribing viruses (or pararetroviruses) i.e. viruses that contain a reverse transcription stage in their replication cycle. This family contains all plant viruses with a dsDNA genome that have a reverse transcribing phase in their lifecycle. Taxonomy The following genera are recognized: ''Badnavirus'' ''Caulimovirus'' ''Cavemovirus'' ''Dioscovirus'' ''Petuvirus'' ''Rosadnavirus'' ''Ruflodivirus'' ''Solendovirus'' ''Soymovirus'' ''Tungrovirus'' ''Vaccinivirus'' Virus particle structure All viruses of this family are non-enveloped. Virus particles are either bacilliform or isometric. The type of nucleocapsid incorporated into the virus structure determines the size of the viral particles. Bacilliform particles are approximately 35–50 nm in diameter and up to 900 nm in l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hepadnaviridae ''Hepadnaviridae'' is a family of viruses. Humans, apes, and birds serve as natural hosts. The family contains five genera. Its best-known member is hepatitis B virus. Diseases associated with this family include: liver infections, such as hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinomas (chronic infections), and cirrhosis. It is the sole accepted family in the order ''Blubervirales''. Taxonomy The following genera are recognized: * '' Avihepadnavirus'' * '' Orthohepadnavirus'' * '' Herpetohepadnavirus'' * '' Metahepadnavirus'' * '' Parahepadnavirus'' History and discovery Although liver diseases transmissible among human populations were identified early in the history of medicine, the first known hepatitis with a viral etiological agent was Hepatitis A, in the picornaviridae family. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was identified as an infection distinct from Hepatitis A through its contamination of yellow fever vaccine. The vaccine contained human serum as a stabilizing agent which was HBV ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]