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Reverse Standards Conversion
Reverse Standards Conversion or RSC is a process developed by a team led by James Insell at the BBC for the restoration of video recordings which have already been converted between different video standards using early conversion techniques. Historical justifications for its use Many programmes produced by the BBC in PAL in the 1960s and 1970s were converted to NTSC for distribution to 525 line markets. Because of the cost of video tape at the time, the original PAL master was often overwritten with new material or simply discarded. This often left the NTSC version as the only remaining copy. PAL to NTSC conversion (c. 1968) PAL and NTSC have a differing number of lines of resolution and also use a different field rate. Traditional standards conversion techniques adopted interpolation as a way to cater for the differences between line resolution and field frequency. What the original BBC converter tried to do (using the limited technology of the day) was to minimise judde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NTSC
NTSC (from National Television System Committee) is the first American standard for analog television, published and adopted in 1941. In 1961, it was assigned the designation System M. It is also known as EIA standard 170. In 1953, a second NTSC standard was adopted, which allowed for color television broadcast compatible with the existing stock of black-and-white receivers. It is one of three major color formats for analog television, the others being PAL and SECAM. ''NTSC color'' is usually associated with the System M; this combination is sometimes called NTSC II. The only other broadcast television system to use NTSC color was the System J. Brazil used System M with PAL color. Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos used System M with SECAM color – Vietnam later started using PAL in the early 1990s. The NTSC/System M standard was used in most of the Americas (except Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay), Myanmar, South Korea, Taiwan, Philippines, Japan, and some Pacific Isl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
480i
480i is the video mode used for standard-definition digital video in the Caribbean, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Philippines, Myanmar, Western Sahara, and most of the Americas (with the exception of Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay). The other common standard definition digital standard, used in the rest of the world, is 576i. It originated from the need for a standard to digitize analog 525 line TV (defined in BT.601) and is now used for digital TV broadcasts and home appliances such as game consoles and DVD disc players. The ''480'' identifies a vertical resolution of 480 lines, and the ''i'' identifies it as an interlaced resolution. The field rate, which is 60 Hz (or 59.94 Hz when used with NTSC color), is sometimes included when identifying the video mode, i.e. 480i60; another notation, endorsed by both the International Telecommunication Union in BT.601 and SMPTE in SMPTE 259M, includes the frame rate, as in 480i/30. Although related, it should n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lost Television Broadcast
Lost television broadcasts are Television show, television programs that were not preserved after their original airing, rendering them permanently unavailable for both public and private screening. Because of this, they are considered a form of lost media, particularly affecting television shows or films that aired before the widespread use of home video recording and digital preservation, digital archiving. A significant portion of Prewar television stations, early television programming was never recorded, largely because recording equipment was unavailable or the content was considered to have little Value (economics), monetary or Historic value, historical value. Wiping Data erasure, Wiping and junking are Colloquialism, colloquial terms for actions taken by radio, television, production and broadcasting companies to erase or destroy old tape recorder, audiotapes, videotapes, and kinescopes. Although the practice was once typical, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, wiping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital Artifact
Digital artifact in information science, is any undesired or unintended alteration in data introduced in a digital process by an involved technique and/or technology. Digital artifact can be of any content types including text, audio, video, image, animation or a combination. Information science In information science, digital artifacts result from: *Hardware malfunction: In computer graphics, visual artifacts may be generated whenever a hardware component such as the processor, memory chip, cabling malfunctions, etc., corrupts data. Examples of malfunctions include physical damage, overheating, insufficient voltage and GPU overclocking. Common types of hardware artifacts are texture corruption and T-vertices in 3D graphics, and pixelization in MPEG compressed video. *Software malfunction: Artifacts may be caused by algorithm flaws such as decoding/encoding audio or video, or a poor pseudo-random number generator that would introduce artifacts distinguishable from the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerkiness
Jerkiness (sometimes called strobing or choppy footage) describes the perception of individual still images while watching a motion picture. Description Motion pictures are made from still images shown in rapid sequence. Provided there is sufficient continuity between the images and provided the sequence is shown fast enough, the central nervous system interprets the sequence as continuous motion. However, some technologies cannot process or carry data fast enough for sufficiently high frame rates. For example, viewing motion pictures by Internet connection generally necessitates a greatly reduced frame rate, making jerkiness clearly apparent. In conventional cinematography, the images are filmed and displayed at 24 frames per second, at which speed jerkiness is not normally discernible. Television screens refresh at even higher frequencies. PAL and SÉCAM television (the standards in Europe) refresh at 25 or 50 (HDTV) frames per second. NTSC television displays (the standa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doctor Who
''Doctor Who'' is a British science fiction television series broadcast by the BBC since 1963. The series, created by Sydney Newman, C. E. Webber and Donald Wilson (writer and producer), Donald Wilson, depicts the adventures of an extraterrestrial being called the Doctor, part of a humanoid species called Time Lords. The Doctor travels in the universe and in time using a time travelling Spacecraft, spaceship called the TARDIS, which externally appears as a British police box. While travelling, the Doctor works to save lives and liberate oppressed peoples by combating List of Doctor Who villains, foes. The Doctor usually travels with Companion (Doctor Who), companions. Beginning with William Hartnell, List of actors who have played the Doctor, fourteen actors have headlined the series as the Doctor; the most recent being Ncuti Gatwa, who portrayed the Fifteenth Doctor from 2023 to 2025. The transition between actors is written into the plot of the series with the Regeneration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inferno (Doctor Who)
''Inferno'' is the fourth and final serial of the Doctor Who (season 7), seventh season of the British science fiction television series ''Doctor Who'', which was first broadcast in seven weekly parts on BBC One, BBC1 from 9 May to 20 June 1970. The serial remains the last time a ''Doctor Who'' story was transmitted in seven episodes. This serial was also the last regular appearance of Caroline John in the role of Liz Shaw. In the serial, the alien Time travel in fiction, time traveller the Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee) transports himself "sideways in time" to a Parallel universes in fiction, parallel world, where a British drilling project causes catastrophic amounts of heat and force to be unleashed when it penetrates the Earth's crust. Plot The Third Doctor and UNIT are called in to investigate a murder at Project Inferno, an effort to drill through the Earth's crust to harness great energies within the planet's core. It transpires that the drilling is producing a green ooze t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Claws Of Axos
''The Claws of Axos'' is the third serial of the Doctor Who (season 8), eighth season of the British science fiction television series ''Doctor Who'', which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC One, BBC1 from 13 March to 3 April 1971. In the serial, set in Britain, the alien organism Axos spreads its Axonite particles across the Earth to allow itself to feed on all life on the planet. Plot A group of aliens calling themselves the Axons land on Earth, desperately in need of fuel. They propose to exchange the miracle substance they call Axonite for some much-needed energy. Axonite is introduced as a "thinking" molecule that can replicate any substance. However, it turns out that the ship, and the Axons themselves, are all a single organism called Axos, whose purpose is to feed itself by draining all energy through the Axonite (which is just a part of itself), including the energy of every life form on Earth. The deception about the Axonite's beneficial properties was to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jack Pizzey (television)
Jack Pizzey is a British television documentary-maker, presenter and author. Early life Pizzey was born in Sussex, UK. He attended St Christophers Preparatory School for the Public Schools and the Royal Navy and then Hove Grammar School. His main sports were boxing and swimming. Naval career Pizzey served in the Royal Navy, starting as a Dartmouth cadet at 16 and retiring as a lieutenant at 27. He served mainly in submarines: HMS ''Tally-Ho'' and ''Thermopylae'' in the Mediterranean, HMS ''Talent'' in home waters and HMS ''Andrew'' in the Far East, as Torpedo Officer and Navigator. In the cruiser HMS ''Newcastle'' (a sister ship to HMS ''Belfast'' which is now a floating museum across the Thames from the Tower of London) he toured the Far East with a front row seat at the end of the British Empire, watching the Union Jack being hauled down in various newly independent colonies to which he returned twenty years later as a documentary-maker. Broadcasting career After the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Undertakers Sketch
The Undertakers sketch (written by Graham Chapman and John Cleese) is a comedy sketch from the 26th episode of ''Monty Python's Flying Circus'', entitled "Royal Episode 13". It was the final sketch of the thirteenth and final episode of the second series, and was perhaps the most notorious of the Python team's television sketches. Plot The sketch begins when a quietly spoken man (Cleese) takes his dead mother to an undertakers' office. The tactless undertaker (Chapman) suggests they can " burn 'er, bury 'er, or dump 'er in the Thames", but rules out the last option after Cleese confirms that he liked his mother. Of the other two, the undertaker says both are "nasty" and describes the sordid details. When the son shows the undertaker his mother's body, which is in a sack, he sees that the dead woman "looks quite young". He tells his assistant, Fred (Eric Idle) that he thinks they've "got an eater", to which Fred responds that he'll get the oven warm. The grieving son is shocked by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monty Python's Flying Circus
''Monty Python's Flying Circus'' (also known as simply ''Monty Python'') is a British surreal humour, surreal sketch comedy series created by and starring Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, Michael Palin, and Terry Gilliam, who became known collectively as "Monty Python", or the "Pythons". The first episode was recorded at the BBC on 7 September 1969 and premiered on 5 October on BBC1, with 45 episodes airing over four series from 1969 to 1974, plus two episodes for German TV. A feature film adaptation of several sketches, ''And Now for Something Completely Different'', was released in 1971. The series stands out for its use of Surreal humour, absurd situations, mixed with risqué and innuendo-laden humour, Visual gag, sight gags, and observational sketches without punch line, punchlines. Live-action segments were broken up with animations by Gilliam, often merging with the live action to form Segue#In film or broadcast news production, segues. The overall for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Television Standards Conversion
Television standards conversion is the process of changing a television transmission or recording from one video system to another. Converting video between different numbers of lines, frame rates, and color models in video pictures is a complex technical problem. However, the international exchange of television programming makes standards conversion necessary so that video may be viewed in another nation with a differing standard. Typically video is fed into video standards converter which produces a copy according to a different video standard. One of the most common conversions is between the NTSC and PAL standards. History The first known case of television systems conversion was in Europe a few years after World War II, mainly with the RTF (France) and the BBC (UK) trying to exchange their black and white 441 line and 405 line programming. The problem got worse with the introduction of color standards PAL, SECAM (both 625 lines), and the French black and white 819 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
