|
Referendums Related To The European Union
This is a list of referendums related to the European Union, or referendums related to the European Communities, which were predecessors of the European Union. Since 1972, a total of 48 referendums have been held by EU member states, candidate states, and their territories, with several additional referendums held in countries outside the EU. The referendums have been held most commonly on the subject of whether to become a member of European Union as part of the accession process, although the EU does not require any candidate country to hold a referendum to approve membership or as part of treaty ratification. Other EU-related referendums have been held on the adoption of the euro and on participation in other EU-related policies. The United Kingdom is the only country as an EU member state to have held referendums on continued membership of the European Union and its antecedent organisation, the European Communities. In the 1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Communities
The European Communities (EC) were three international organizations that were governed by the same set of Institutions of the European Union, institutions. These were the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), and the European Economic Community (EEC), the last of which was renamed the ''European Community'' (''EC'') in 1993 by the Maastricht Treaty establishing the European Union. The European Union was established at that time more as a concept rather than an entity, while the Communities remained the actual subjects of international law impersonating the rather abstract Union, becoming at the same time its Three pillars of the European Union, first pillar. In popular language, however, the singular ''European Community'' was sometimes used interchangeably with the plural phrase, in the sense of referring to all three entities. The European Coal and Steel Community ceased to exist in 2002 when its founding treaty exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1994 Norwegian European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum on joining the European Union was held in Norway on 27 and 28 November 1994. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1438 After a long period of heated debate, the "no" side won with 52.2 per cent of the vote, on a turnout of 88.6 per cent. Membership of what was then the European Community had previously been rejected in a 1972 referendum, and by French veto in 1962. Campaign The "No" campaign was led by Anne Enger Lahnstein, leader of the Centre Party. The main themes of the "No" campaign were loss of sovereignty if Norway should join the Union, as well as the fundamental differences in economic structure between Norway and the EU, as Norway has an economy based heavily on natural resources (especially oil and fish), in contrast to the EU's more industrial economy. Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland led the "Yes" campaign. Her party, the Labour Party, was divided on the question of Norwegian membership of the Union. Unlike ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Croatian European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum on the Accession of Croatia to the European Union, EU accession of the Republic of Croatia was held on 22 January 2012. Croatia finished wikt:accession, accession (membership) negotiations on 30 June 2011 and signed the Treaty of Accession 2011, Treaty of Accession on 9 December 2011, setting it on course to become the bloc's Member state of the European Union, 28th member state. The Constitution of Croatia requires that a binding referendum be held on any political union reducing national sovereignty, such as via European Union membership. On 23 December 2011 the Croatian Parliament made a preliminary decision on EU accession and determined that the referendum would be held on 22 January 2012. The 2012 Croatian EU accession referendum was the first referendum held in Croatia since the 1991 Croatian independence referendum, Croatian independence referendum held more than 20 years earlier, in 1991. The Croatian EU accession referendum campaign officially began on 3 J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Slovenian European Union And NATO Membership Referendum
A referendum on membership of the European Union and NATO was held in Slovenia Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ... on 23 March 2003. Voters were asked two questions; #Do you agree to the proposal that the Republic of Slovenia should become a member of the European Union? #Do you agree to the proposal that the Republic of Slovenia should become a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)? Both questions received a majority in favor, with 89.61% voting for EU membership and 66.02% for NATO membership. Voter turnout was 60.23%. ''IFES'' Results Question 1 Question 2 ...
|
2003 Slovak European Union Membership Referendum ...
A referendum on joining the European Union was held in Slovakia on 16 and 17 May 2003. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1747 It was approved by 93.7% of those voting, and Slovakia subsequently joined the EU on 1 May 2004. It remains the only referendum in the country's history to have not failed due to insufficient voter turnout. Results References {{Slovak elections Slovakia Referendums in Slovakia Referendums related to European Union accession European 2003 in international relations Slovakia Slovakia and the European Union Slovakia Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Polish European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum on joining the European Union was held in Poland on 7 and 8 June 2003.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1491 The proposal was approved by 77% of voters. Poland subsequently accession of Poland to the European Union, joined the European Union that year following the ratification of the Treaty of Accession 2003. The country's first 2004 European Parliament election in Poland, European Parliament elections were held in 2004. Question Party positions The governing Democratic Left Alliance (Poland), Democratic Left Alliance and its junior coalition partner, the Labour Union (Poland), Labour Union, strongly campaigned for joining the EU. The biggest opposition party, the Civic Platform, was also strongly supportive of joining the EU. The agrarian Polish People's Party gave its support to the "Yes" campaign after its demands for the government were met in regards to farmers. The conservative Law and Justice (Poland), Law and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Maltese European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum on European Union membership was held in Malta on 8 March 2003.Dieter Nohlen, Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1302 The result was 54% in favour. The subsequent 2003 Maltese general election, April 2003 general elections were won by the Nationalist Party (Malta), Nationalist Party, which was in favour of EU membership, the opposition Labour Party (Malta), Labour Party having opposed joining. Malta joined the EU on 1 May 2004. The referendum saw the highest turnout in an EU membership referendum (91%) and the lowest support for joining of any of the nine countries that held referendums on joining the EU in 2003. Background Malta's first relations with the European Economic Community (EEC) saw the signing of an Association Agreement in December 1970. This agreement called for the creation of a customs union based on free trade between Malta and the Bloc. Malta submitted a formal application to join the European Community in Jul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Lithuanian European Union Membership Referendum
The 2003 Lithuanian European Union referendum took place from 10 May to 11 May 2003 to decide whether Lithuania should join the European Union (EU). Over 90% of those who voted supported membership and Lithuania joined the EU on 1 May 2004. Background Lithuania was invited to begin negotiations to join the EU in December 1999 at a European Council summit in Helsinki and was formally invited to join the EU in December 2002 at a summit in Copenhagen. In June 2002 and February 2003 the Lithuanian Parliament amended Lithuania's laws on referendums. Previously, for a referendum to pass, 50% of the voters had to vote and over 50% of all eligible registered voters had to support the proposal. After the amendment only a simple majority of participants in favour was required for the referendum to pass, while still having the requirement for turnout to be over 50%. To help reach the turnout requirement, the voting hours were extended, postal voting was allowed for 11 days before the refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Latvian European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum on European Union membership was held in Latvia on 20 September 2003.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1122 Latvia was the last of the states which would join the EU in 2004 to hold a referendum on the issue. Just over two-thirds of voters voted Yes and Latvia joined the EU on 1 May 2004. Background Latvia was invited to begin negotiations to join the EU in 1999 and was formally invited to join at a summit in Copenhagen in December 2002. On 27 December 2002 the Latvian government decided to hold a referendum on 20 September 2003 on joining the EU. In May 2003 the Parliament of Latvia amended the Constitution of Latvia to allow referendums on international matters. Campaigning began on 5 May 2003. Referendum question The question voted on in the referendum was: ''Do you support the membership of Latvia in the European Union?'' Campaign Latvia was seen as being one of the more skeptical countries on joining the Euro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Hungarian European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum on joining the European Union was held in Hungary on 12 April 2003.Dieter Nohlen, Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p899 The proposal was approved by 84% of voters, with a voter turnout of 46%. Hungary subsequently joined the EU on 1 May 2004. Background Hungary submitted a membership application to the EU on 31 March 1994 and negotiations on entry began in 1998. At a European Council, summit in Copenhagen in December 2002, Hungary was one of ten countries invited to join the EU in 2004. All major parties agreed that a binding referendum on membership was needed before Hungary could join the EU. The National Assembly of Hungary changed the rules on referendums in Hungary in 1997; the previous requirement that Voter turnout, turnout be over 50% was removed, replaced with the requirement that at least 25% of all registered voters had to vote in favor for a referendum to be legally valid. In December 2002 the Constitution of Hungary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Estonian European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum took place on 14 September 2003 to decide whether Estonia should join the European Union (EU). Just over two-thirds of voters voted Yes and Estonia joined the EU on 1 May 2004. Background Membership of the European Union was one of the main objectives of Estonian foreign policy since independence in 1991. Estonia was invited to begin negotiations to join the EU in 1997 and was formally invited to join at a summit in Copenhagen in December 2002. The Parliament of Estonia then announced that a referendum on membership of the EU would be held in mid September 2003. Referendum question The question to be voted on in the referendum was agreed by the Government of Estonia in December 2002. It was: ''Are you in favour of the accession to the European Union and passage of the Act on Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia?'' Campaign Opinion polls in the first half of 2003 showed only lukewarm support for membership. This persuaded leading politici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Czech European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum on joining the European Union was held in the Czech Republic on 13 and 14 June 2003. The proposal was supported by 77% of voters, with a turnout of 55%. The Czech Republic joined the EU on 1 May 2004. Party positions The table lists the political parties which were represented in the parliament at the time of the referendum. Opinion polls Opinion polls in the run-up to the referendum showed support for joining from 63% to over 70%, with the highest support among younger, wealthier and better educated people. Results See also *Czech Republic and the euro * Euroscepticism in the Czech Republic References {{Czech elections Czech Referendums in the Czech Republic Referendums related to European Union accession European Union membership referendum Czech European Union membership referendum Czech Czech Republic and the European Union Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
