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Recapture Of Tarapacá
The recapture of Tarapacá or siege of Tarapacá was a confrontation between Bolivian occupation forces under the command of Colonel José María García and Peruvian militias under the command of Major Juan Buendía within the framework of the War between Peru and Bolivia between January 6 and 7, 1842. Peruvian victory allowed us to recover the province of Tarapacá, which had been captured by Bolivian troops days before. Background In 1841, the president of Peru, Agustín Gamarra, attempted to annex Bolivia (colonial Upper Peru), an undertaking that cost him his life by Peruvian Army on November 18 of that same year in the Battle of Ingavi. The Bolivian army under the command of General José Ballivián invades Peru, occupying Moquegua and Puno and immediately sending Col. Rodríguez Magariños, chief of the second Bolivian division to occupy Tacna and Arica, which said Bolivian chief carried out in December 1841. On January 2 of the following year, a column of one hundred Bol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Tarapacá
The Battle of Tarapacá occurred on 27 November 1879 during the Tarapacá Campaign of the War of the Pacific. Three Chilean columns of almost 3,900 soldiers attacked a numerically inferior Peruvian contingent of 3,046 troops at Tarapacá - 500 of which were at Quillahuasa, 1 hour away from the battlefield - commanded by Gen Juan Buendía, resulting in a harsh defeat. The was the most damaged unit, losing almost half of its force, along with its commander Col. Eleuterio Ramírez and his second in command, Lt. Col. . The unit lost its banner, which was recovered six months later after the Battle of Tacna. Despite the victory, the Allies could not contest for the domination of the Tarapacá department, abandoning it to Chilean control. Background Following a significant defeat at Dolores well inflicted by an outnumbered Chilean contingent - which cost the Allies all their artillery - the remnants of the Peruvian army were scattered all across the desert, demoralized and almos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Ingavi
The Battle of Ingavi occurred on November 18, 1841, during the Peruvian–Bolivian War of 1841–42, in the town of Ingavi, Bolivia. The Bolivian Army, commanded by José Ballivián, there met an invading Peruvian Army commanded by Agustín Gamarra, who later died during the battle. Background With the dissolution of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, Peruvian President Agustín Gamarra, made the controversial decision to invade Bolivia and used the political chaos occurring in the Bolivian government as an excuse. Gamarra had from the beginning supported a union between Peru and Bolivia but preferred it to be completely dominated by the Peruvian government, rather than being a confederation between the two nations. Immediately, |
Peruvian
Peruvians (''/peruanas'') are the citizens of Peru. What is now Peru has been inhabited for several millennia by cultures such as the Caral before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Peruvian population decreased from an estimated 5–9 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly because of infectious diseases carried by the Spanish. Spaniards and Africans arrived in large numbers in 1532 under colonial rule, mixing widely with each other and with Native Peruvians. During the Republic, there has been a gradual immigration of European people (especially from Spain and Italy, and to a lesser extent from Germany, France, Croatia, and the British Isles). Chinese and Japanese arrived in large numbers at the end of the 19th century. With 31.2 million inhabitants according to the 2017 Census. Peru is the fourth most populous country in South America. Its demographic growth rate declined from 2.6% to 1.6% between 1950 and 2000, and its population is expected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circassians
The Circassians or Circassian people, also called Cherkess or Adyghe (Adyghe language, Adyghe and ), are a Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation who originated in Circassia, a region and former country in the North Caucasus. As a consequence of the Circassian genocide, which was perpetrated by the Russian Empire during the Russo-Circassian War in the 19th century, most of the Circassian people were exiled from their ancestral homeland and consequently began living in what was then the Ottoman Empire—that is, modern-day Turkey and the rest of the Middle East. In the early 1990s, the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization estimated that there are as many as 3.7 million Circassian diaspora, Circassians in diaspora in over 50 countries. The two Circassian languages—western Adyghe language, Adyghe and eastern Kabardian language, Kabardian—are natively spoken by the Circassian people. After the Russian Empire's war crimes and forced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarapacá
San Lorenzo de Tarapacá, also known simply as Tarapacá, is a town in the region of the same name in Chile. History The town has likely been inhabited since the 12th century, when it formed part of the Inca trail. When Spanish explorer Diego de Almagro reached the settlement in 1536 it was already inhabited by locals. After being conquered by the Spanish, the town was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, and then of the Peruvian state. Tarapacá saw itself the protagonist of the Battle of Tarapacá during the War of the Pacific. Despite the Peruvian victory, the troops located in the area relocated to nearby Arica in the direction of Tacna, allowing the Chilean Army to occupy the area, creating a disadvantage, and was afterwards given to Chile under the Treaty of Ancón. The war had a negative effect on the population, the Peruvian refugees who had formerly inhabited the town were sent by the Peruvian government to the Loreto region in order to populate the area. The areas in whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ricardo Palma
Manuel Ricardo Palma Soriano (February 7, 1833 – October 6, 1919) was a Peruvian author, scholar, librarian and politician. His magnum opus is the '' Tradiciones peruanas''. Biography According to the official account, Manuel Ricardo Palma y Carrillo was born on February 7, 1833, in Lima, inscribed as the son of Pedro Ramón Palma and Guillerma Carrillo y Pardos, possibly his grandmother. On April 6, 1837, his father married Dominga Soriano y Carrillo, Guillerma's daughter. However, the documentary evidence shows many contradictions that was pointed out by Monsignor Salvador Herrera Pinto who relying on oral traditions collected and written testimonies directed to him (a catholic bishop) concludes that Ricardo Palma was born in the town of Talavera, province of Andahuaylas, Apurímac Region. His family was living in Lima after migrating from the province. His mother was a mestiza with African roots. His parents separated when he was still young. He was educated at a Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iquique
Iquique () is a port List of cities in Chile, city and Communes of Chile, commune in northern Chile, capital of both the Iquique Province and Tarapacá Region. It lies on the Pacific coast, west of the Pampa del Tamarugal, which is part of the Atacama Desert. It has a population of 191,468 according to the 2017 census. It is also the main commune of Greater Iquique. The city developed during the heyday of the Potassium nitrate, saltpetre mining in the Atacama Desert in the 19th century. Once a Peruvian city with a large Chilean population, it was conquered by Chile in the War of the Pacific (1879–1883). Today it is one of only two free ports of Chile, the other one being Punta Arenas, in the country's far south. History Although the city was founded in the 16th century, there is evidence of habitation in the area by the Changos, Chango people as early as 7,000 BC. During colonial times, Iquique was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru as much of South America was at the time, and re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tacna
Tacna, officially known as San Pedro de Tacna, is a city in southern Peru and the regional capital of the Tacna Region. A very commercially active city, it is located only north of the border with Arica y Parinacota Region from Chile, inland from the Pacific Ocean and in the valley of the Caplina River. It is Peru's tenth most populous city. The city has gained a reputation for its patriotism, with many monuments and streets named after heroes of Peru's struggle for independence (1821–1824) and the War of the Pacific (1879–1883). Residents of Tacna are known in Spanish as '. History Pre-Columbian era At the time of the Spanish conquest, the region around Tacna was already multiethnic, displaying a mix of local sedentary populations and mitma settlers from the Altiplano. The proportions of these are that the first made up about 66% of the population and the latter 25%. Fishing-oreinted people known as Camanchacos made up about the remaining 9% of the population. Muc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peruvian Army
The Peruvian Army (, abbreviated EP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with safeguarding the independence, sovereignty and integrity of national territory on land through military force. Additional missions include assistance in safeguarding internal security, conducting emergency management, disaster relief operations and participating in international peacekeeping operations. It celebrates the anniversary of the Battle of Ayacucho (1824) on December 9. History Military traditions in Peruvian territory go back to prehispanic times, ranging from small armed bands to the large armies assembled by the Inca Empire. After the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, Spanish conquest, small garrisons were kept at strategic locations but no standing army existed until the Bourbon reforms of the 18th century. The main purpose of this force was the defense of the Viceroyalty of Peru, Viceroyalty from pirates and Privateer, corsairs as well as internal rebellions. Independence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Tarapacá (1933)
The Battle of Tarapacá, also known as the Battle of Nuevo Tarapacá or the Defense of the Lower Putumayo, took place during the Colombia–Peru War on February 14, 1933. Background Before the skirmish took place, the Colombian high command discussed the strategy to take in the Amazonian conflict, choosing to take Tarapacá under General Efraín Rojas' suggestion, instead of Leticia, preferred by General Alfredo Vásquez Cobo. After concentrating the ships that would make up the ''Amazonas'' Detachment in Belén do Pará, they proceeded to sail to the Brazilian town of Santo Antônio do Içá and from there divide the fleet into two: the warships ''Boyacá'' and ''Mosquera'' continued towards Leticia, while the ships ''Barranquilla'', ''Córdova'' and ''Pichincha'' continued along the Putumayo River followed by the ''Nariño'' as a hospital ship; This maneuver sought to mislead the Peruvian commanders about the true intentions of the attack. Six seaplanes had joined the group u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murder
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification (jurisprudence), justification or valid excuse (legal), excuse committed with the necessary Intention (criminal law), intention as defined by the law in a specific jurisdiction (area), jurisdiction. ("The killing of another person without justification or excuse, especially the crime of killing a person with malice aforethought or with recklessness manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life.") This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful homicide, such as manslaughter. Manslaughter is killing committed in the absence of Malice (law), ''malice'',This is "malice" in a technical legal sense, not the more usual English sense denoting an emotional state. See malice (law). such as in the case of voluntary manslaughter brought about by reasonable Provocation (legal), provocation, or diminished capacity. Involuntary manslaughter, ''Invol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
