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Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus
''Isaria fumosorosea'' is an entomopathogenic fungus, formerly known as ''Paecilomyces fumosoroseus''. It shows promise as a biological pesticide with an extensive host range. Life cycle When a conidium or blastospore of ''Isaria fumosorosea'' lands on a suitable host, it produces enzymes to penetrate the insect's cuticle. A germ tube then grows into the haemocoel and the fungus proliferates inside the insect’s body. The fungus can also enter through the spiracles, the mouth or the anal opening. The mycelia spread in the haemolymph and tissues, eventually emerging from the insect and producing conidia. Mortality of the insect has been ascribed to the drainage of its nutrients, the destruction of its tissues and the release of toxins. Host range This fungus has a wide host range that includes insects in over twenty five different families and many species of mite. Agricultural pest insects which are susceptible to infection include the diamondback moth (''Plutella xyllostella' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casimir Wize
Casimir is classically an English, French and Latin form of the Polish name Kazimierz. Feminine forms are Casimira and Kazimiera. It means "proclaimer (from ''kazać'' to preach) of peace (''mir'')." List of variations *Belarusian: Казімір *Catalan: Casimir *Croatian: Kazimir, Kažimir *Czech: Kazimír *Esperanto: Kazimiro *Galician: Casemiro, Casamiro *German: Kasimir *Hungarian: Kázmér *Italian: Casimiro *Kazakh: Qasym or Kasym *Latvian: Kazimirs *Lithuanian: Kazimieras *Polish: Kazimierz *Portuguese: Casimiro *Romanian: Cazimir *Russian: Казимир *Serbian: Казимир/Kazimir *Slovak: Kazimír *Slovene: Kazimir *Spanish: Casimiro *Swedish: Casimir *Ukrainian: Казимир *Vietnamese: Casimirô, Caximia *English: Casimir Royalty * Casimir I of Poland, Polish name Kazimierz Odnowiciel (the Restorer) (1015–1058) * Casimir II of Poland, Polish name Kazimierz Sprawiedliwy (the Just) (1138–1194) * Casimir III of Poland, Polish name Kazimierz Wielki ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silverleaf Whitefly
The silverleaf whitefly (''Bemisia tabaci'', also informally referred to as the sweet potato whitefly) is one of several species of whitefly that are currently important agricultural pests. A review in 2011 concluded that the silverleaf whitefly is actually a species complex containing at least 40 morphologically indistinguishable species. The silverleaf whitefly thrives worldwide in tropical, subtropical, and less predominately in temperate habitats. Cold temperatures kill both the adults and the nymphs of the species. The silverleaf whitefly can be confused with other insects such as the common fruitfly, but with close inspection, the whitefly is slightly smaller and has a distinct wing color that helps to differentiate it from other insects. While the silverleaf whitefly had been known in the United States since 1896, in the mid-1980s an aggressive strain appeared in poinsettia crops in Florida. For convenience that strain was referred to as (biotype B), to distinguish it f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clavicipitaceae
The Clavicipitaceae are a family of fungi within the order Hypocreales. A 2008 estimate placed 43 genera in the family, but recent work has increased this number to 97. Phylogeny Molecular phylogenetic analysis of multigene DNA sequence data indicates the taxon Clavicipitaceae is paraphyletic, and consists of three well-defined clades, at least one of which is shared with members of another fungal family (Hypocreaceae). The evolution within the Clavicipitaceae is marked by interkingdom host jumping, and the range of this large and heterogeneous fungal group spans mutualistic plant symbionts, as well as parasites of plants, insects, and other fungi. Significance Many of its members produce alkaloids toxic to animals and humans. One of its most infamous species is ''Claviceps purpurea'', which has historical significance as the cause of St. Anthony's fire, also known as ergotism. Ergotism is caused by ergot alkaloids, such as ergotamine and ergocristine, which are chemical d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MycoBank
MycoBank is an online database, documenting new mycological names and combinations, eventually combined with descriptions and illustrations. It is run by the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute in Utrecht. Each novelty, after being screened by nomenclatural experts and found in accordance with the ICN ( International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants), is allocated a unique MycoBank number before the new name has been validly published. This number then can be cited by the naming author in the publication where the new name is being introduced. Only then, this unique number becomes public in the database. By doing so, this system can help solve the problem of knowing which names have been validly published and in which year. MycoBank is linked to other important mycological databases such as ''Index Fungorum'', Life Science Identifiers, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and other databases. MycoBank is one of three nomenclatural repositories r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metarhizium Anisopliae
''Metarhizium robertsii'' formerly known as ''M. anisopliae'', and even earlier as ''Entomophthora anisopliae'' (basionym) is a fungus that grows naturally in soils throughout the world and causes disease in various insects by acting as a parasitoid. Ilya I. Mechnikov named it after the insect species from which it was originally isolated – the beetle ''Anisoplia austriaca''. It is a mitosporic fungus with asexual reproduction, which was formerly classified in the form class Hyphomycetes of the phylum Deuteromycota (also often called Fungi Imperfecti). Many isolates have long been recognised to be specific, and they were assigned variety status, but they have now been assigned as new ''Metarhizium'' species, such as ''M. robertsii'', '' M. majus'' and '' M. acridum'' (which was ''M. anisopliae'' var. ''acridum'' and included the isolates used for locust control). ''Metarhizium taii'' was placed in ''M. anisopliae'' var. ''anisopliae'', but has now been described as a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beauveria Bassiana
''Beauveria bassiana'' is a fungus that grows naturally in soils throughout the world and acts as a parasite on various arthropod species, causing white muscardine disease; it thus belongs to the entomopathogenic fungi. It is used as a biological insecticide to control a number of pests, including termites, thrips, whiteflies, aphids and various beetles. Its use in the control of bedbugs and malaria-transmitting mosquitos is under investigation.Donald G. McNeil Jr.Fungus Fatal to Mosquito May Aid Global War on Malaria ''The New York Times'', 10 June 2005 Discovery and name The species is named after the Italian entomologist Agostino Bassi, who discovered it in 1835 as the cause of the muscardine disease which then led to carriers transmitting it by airborne means, and later the same year it was named ''Botrytis bassiana'' by Giuseppe Gabriel Balsamo-Crivelli. In 1911 Jean Beauverie did further study and the next year Jean Paul Vuillemin made it the type species of his new ''B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crocidolomia Binotalis
''Crocidolomia pavonana'' is a moth of the family Crambidae. Its caterpillar is a crop pest and is known as the croci or the cabbage cluster caterpillar. This moth is found in Africa and Asia, its range extending from South Africa through India to the Pacific Ocean, including Australia. The wingspan is about . The larvae feed on Brassicaceae species and are considered an agricultural pest on cabbages. At first, they feed only on the undersides of the leaves. Later they feed on the rest of the leaves and the central shoot. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1794. Description The adult male is between long with a wingspan of , and the female is slightly smaller. Both are rather variable in colouring but have brownish markings on a cream background. The male can be distinguished by the tufts of dark-coloured hairs at the front of the forewings. The eggs are pale green and up to three hundred are laid in an overlapping pile that may be in diameter. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyphomycetes
Hyphomycetes are a form classification of fungi, part of what has often been referred to as fungi imperfecti, Deuteromycota, or anamorphic fungi. Hyphomycetes lack closed fruit bodies, and are often referred to as moulds (or molds). Most hyphomycetes are now assigned to the Ascomycota, on the basis of genetic connections made by life-cycle studies or by phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences; many remain unassigned phylogenetically. Although no longer considered a phylogenetically defined taxon, the prevalence of hyphomycete forms in nature, the built environment, and laboratories means that identification of members this group remains of practical importance. Taxonomic and nomenclatural history Because asexual forms of fungi usually occur separately from their sexual forms, when microscopic fungi began to be studied in the early 19th century, it was often unknown when two morphologically different forms were actually part of one species. The tendency for some organisms to app ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen ( el, πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. The term ''pathogen'' came into use in the 1880s. Typically, the term ''pathogen'' is used to describe an ''infectious'' microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause or transmit disease. However, these animals are usually referred to as parasites rather than pathogens. The scientific study of microscopic organisms, including microscopic pathogenic organisms, is called microbiology, while parasitology refers to the scientific study of parasites and the organisms that host them. There are several pathways through which pathogens can invade a host. The principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil has the longest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphaerotheca Fuliginea
''Podosphaera fuliginea'' (also known as ''Podosphaera xanthii'') is a plant pathogen that causes powdery mildew on cucurbits. ''Podosphaera fuliginea'' and ''Erysiphe cichoracearum'' are the two most commonly recorded fungi causing cucurbit powdery mildew. In the past, ''Erysiphe cichoracearum'' was considered to be the primary causal organism throughout most of the world. Today, ''Podosphaera fuliginea'' is more commonly reported. Signs and symptoms Powdery mildew is manifest on the plant by white powdery fungal growth on the surface of the leaf, usually both sides of the leaf show fungal growth.McGrath, M.T., 1997. Powdery Mildew of Cucurbits. http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/factsheets/Cucurbits_PM.htm The host tissue is frequently stunted, distorted, discolored, and scarred. The fruit of infected plants are usually smaller and the flavor is affected negatively, as fewer sugars and solids are stored in the fruit. Disease cycle ''Podosphaera fuliginea'' uses haus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cut Flowers
Cut flowers are flowers or flower buds (often with some stem and leaf) that have been cut from the plant bearing it. It is usually removed from the plant for decorative use. Typical uses are in vase displays, wreaths and garlands. Many gardeners harvest their own cut flowers from domestic gardens, but there is a significant floral industry for cut flowers in most countries. The plants cropped vary by climate, culture and the level of wealth locally. Often the plants are raised specifically for the purpose, in field or glasshouse growing conditions. Cut flowers can also be harvested from the wild. The cultivation and trade of flowers is a specialization in horticulture, specifically floriculture. Cultivation Cut flower cultivation is intensive, usually on the basis of greenhouse monocultures, and requires large amounts of highly toxic pesticides, residues of which can often still be found in flower shops on imported flowers. These facts have spurred the development of movem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aculus Schlectendali
''Aculus'' is a genus of mite Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods). Mites span two large orders of arachnids, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari, but genetic analysis does not show clear e ...s, including the following species: Species *'' Aculus ablopurpurascus'' Huang, 2001 *'' Aculus acanthae'' (Mohanasundaram, 1982) *'' Aculus acraspis'' (Nalepa, 1892) *'' Aculus acutangulae'' Mohanasundaram, 1985 *'' Aculus advens'' (Keifer, 1938) *'' Aculus aegerinus'' (Nalepa, 1892) *'' Aculus aesculi'' Domes, 2003 *'' Aculus aflatunivagrans'' (Ponomareva, 1978) *'' Aculus africanae'' (Meyer & Ueckermann, 1990) *'' Aculus albopurpurascus'' Huang, 2001 *'' Aculus alfalfae'' (Roivainen, 1950) *'' Aculus altus'' (Nalepa, 1909) *'' Aculus amandae'' (Keifer, 1969) *'' Aculus ambrosiae'' (Keifer, 1943) *'' Aculus amygdalina'' (Banks, 1912) *'' Aculus anthobius'' (Nalepa, 1892) *'' Aculus aphanotrichus'' (L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
