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Proechimys Semispinosus
Tome's spiny rat (''Proechimys semispinosus''), also known as Tomes' spiny rat or the Central American spiny rat, is a species of Echimyidae, spiny rat distributed from Honduras to Ecuador. The International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN has assessed its conservation status as being of "Least-concern species, least concern". Description Tome's spiny rat is a large rat with a head-and-body length of between and a tail length of between . The head is long and slender, with prominent eyes and narrow erect ears. At night, the eyes reflect a reddish Tapetum lucidum, eyeshine. The feet are long with strong nails. The pelage is sleek with spines mixed in with the dorsal fur, though these are not very obvious in the field. The upper parts are reddish-brown while the underparts are white. The tail is almost hairless and is reddish-brown above and white below. About 20% of animals encountered have no tail. This rat could be confused with the armored rat (''Hoplomys gymnurus'') w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Fisher Tomes
Robert Fisher Tomes (4 August 1823 – 10 July 1904) was an England, English farmer and zoologist. Biography Tomes was born in Weston-on-Avon and farmed at Welford, Gloucestershire. He was a specialist in bats, describing a number of new species. His writings included the sections on insectivora and Chiroptera in the second edition of Thomas Bell (zoologist), Thomas Bell's ''History of Quadrupeds''. His interest in ornithology waned, and he resigned from the British Ornithologists Union in 1866. His contributions to the two Victoria County History, Victoria County Histories were his only significant ornithological works.The Historical Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland, 1875-1900, Simon Holloway, T & A D Poyser, 1996 Tomes is buried at South Littleton, Worcestershire. His collection of mammals was sold to the Natural History Museum, London, Natural History Museum, and his bird collection was bequeathed to the museum in Worcester, England, Worcester. Selected bibliog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Precocial
Precocial species in birds and mammals are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching. They are normally nidifugous, meaning that they leave the nest shortly after birth or hatching. Altricial species are those in which the young are underdeveloped at the time of birth, but with the aid of their parents mature after birth. These categories form a continuum, without distinct gaps between them. In fish, this often refers to the presence or absence of a stomach: precocial larvae have one at the onset of first feeding whereas altricial fish do not. Depending on the species, the larvae may develop a functional stomach during metamorphosis (gastric) or remain stomachless (agastric). Precociality Precocial young have open eyes, hair or down, large brains, and are immediately mobile and somewhat able to flee from or defend themselves against predators. For example, with ground-nesting birds such as ducks or turkey (bird), turkeys, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rodents Of Central America
Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia ( ), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are native to all major land masses except for Antarctica, and several oceanic islands, though they have subsequently been introduced to most of these land masses by human activity. Rodents are extremely diverse in their ecology and lifestyles and can be found in almost every terrestrial habitat, including human-made environments. Species can be arboreal, fossorial (burrowing), saltatorial/ricochetal (leaping on their hind legs), or semiaquatic. However, all rodents share several morphological features, including having only a single upper and lower pair of ever-growing incisors. Well-known rodents include mice, rats, squirrels, prairie dogs, porcupines, beavers, guinea pigs, and hamsters. Once included with rodents, rabbits, hare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammals Of Colombia
A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the Class (biology), class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles, middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which their ancestors Genetic divergence, diverged in the Carboniferous Period over 300 million years ago. Around 6,640 Neontology#Extant taxon, extant species of mammals have been described and divided into 27 Order (biology), orders. The study of mammals is called mammalogy. The largest orders of mammals, by number of species, are the rodents, bats, and eulipotyphlans (including hedgehogs, Mole (animal), moles and shrews). The next three are the primates (including humans, monkeys and lemurs), the Artiodactyl, even-toed ungulates (including pigs, camels, and whales), and the Carnivora (including Felidae, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proechimys
''Proechimys'' is a genus of South American South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ... spiny rats of the family Echimyidae. All species of the genus are terrestrial. In the lowland Neotropical forests, ''Proechimys'' rodents are often the most abundant non-volant mammals. They are recognizable by reason of their elongated heads and long rostra, large and erect ears, narrow and long hind feet, and tails always shorter than head-and-body lengths. The dorsal pelage comprises a mixture of expanded, varyingly stiffened spines (or aristiforms) — hence the vernacular name of spiny rats — and soft hairs (or setiforms). ''Proechimys'' is the most speciose genus of the rodent family Echimyidae, with 25 species recognized, followed by '' Phyllomys'' with 13 species, and '' Tri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thurisazvirus Myis
''Thurisazvirus'' is a genus of viruses in the realm '' Ribozyviria'', containing the single species ''Thurisazvirus myis''. Tome's spiny rat (''Proechimys semispinosus Tome's spiny rat (''Proechimys semispinosus''), also known as Tomes' spiny rat or the Central American spiny rat, is a species of Echimyidae, spiny rat distributed from Honduras to Ecuador. The International Union for Conservation of Nature, IU ...'') serves as its host. References Virus genera {{Virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandfly
Sandfly or sand fly is a colloquial name for any species or genus of flying, biting, blood-sucking dipteran (fly) encountered in sandy areas. In the United States, ''sandfly'' may refer to certain horse flies that are also known as "greenheads" (family '' Tabanidae''), or to members of the family ''Ceratopogonidae''. The bites usually result in a small, intensely itchy bump or welt, the strength of which intensifies over a period of 5-7 days before dissipating. Sandfly bites can be distinguished from mosquito bites as sandfly bite are usually found in clusters as they attack animals in groups. Moderate relief is achieved with varying success through the application of over-the-counter products such as Benadryl (ingested) or an analgesic cream such as After Bite (applied topically). Outside the United States, ''sandfly'' may refer to members of the subfamily Phlebotominae within the Psychodidae. Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) are sometimes called sandflies or no-see-ums ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vector (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, a disease vector is any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen such as a parasite or microbe, to another living organism. Agents regarded as vectors are mostly blood-sucking (Hematophagy, hematophagous) arthropods such as mosquitoes. The first major discovery of a disease vector came from Ronald Ross in 1897, who discovered the malaria pathogen when he dissected the stomach tissue of a mosquito. Arthropods Arthropods form a major group of pathogen vectors with mosquitoes, Fly, flies, Sandfly, sand flies, lice, fleas, ticks, and mites transmitting a huge number of pathogens. Many such vectors are haematophagous, which feed on blood at some or all stages of their lives. When the insects and ticks feed on blood, the pathogen enters the blood stream of the host. This can happen in different ways. The ''Anopheles'' mosquito, a vector for malaria, filariasis, and various arthropod-borne-viruses (arboviruses), inserts its delicate mouthpart under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a wide array of clinical manifestations caused by protozoal parasites of the Trypanosomatida genus ''Leishmania''. It is generally spread through the bite of Phlebotominae, phlebotomine Sandfly, sandflies, ''Phlebotomus'' and ''Lutzomyia'', and occurs most frequently in the tropics and sub-tropics of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and southern Europe. The disease can present in three main ways: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, cutaneous, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis, visceral. The cutaneous form presents with skin ulcers, while the mucocutaneous form presents with ulcers of the skin, mouth, and nose. The visceral form starts with skin ulcers and later presents with fever, low red blood cell count, and enlarged spleen and liver. Infections in humans are caused by more than 20 species of ''Leishmania''. Risk factors include poverty, malnutrition, deforestation, and urbanization. All three types can be diagnosed by seeing the paras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trypanosoma
''Trypanosoma'' is a genus of kinetoplastids (class Trypanosomatidae), a monophyletic group of unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa. Trypanosoma is part of the phylum Euglenozoa. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek ''trypano-'' (borer) and ''soma'' (body) because of their corkscrew-like motion. Most trypanosomes are heteroxenous (requiring more than one obligatory host to complete life cycle) and most are transmitted via a vector. The majority of species are transmitted by blood-feeding invertebrates, but there are different mechanisms among the varying species. '' Trypanosoma equiperdum'' is spread between horses and other equine species by sexual contact. They are generally found in the intestine of their invertebrate host, but normally occupy the bloodstream or an intracellular environment in the vertebrate host. Trypanosomes infect a variety of hosts and cause various diseases, including the fatal human diseases sleeping sickness, caused by '' Trypanosoma br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MT-CYB
Cytochrome b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MT-CYB'' gene. Its gene product is a subunit of the respiratory chain protein ubiquinol–cytochrome ''c'' reductase (UQCR, complex III or cytochrome ''bc''1 complex), which consists of the products of one mitochondrially encoded gene, ''MT-CYB'' (mitochondrial cytochrome b), and ten nuclear genes—'' UQCRC1'', '' UQCRC2'', '' CYC1'', '' UQCRFS1'' ( Rieske protein), '' UQCRB'', "11kDa protein", '' UQCRH'' (cyt c1 Hinge protein), Rieske protein presequence, "cyt c1 associated protein", and Rieske-associated protein. Structure The ''MT-CYB'' gene is located on the p arm of mitochondrial DNA in position 12 and spans 1,140 base pairs. The gene produces a 42.7 kDa protein named cytochrome b composed of 380 amino acids. Cytochrome b is an integral membrane protein with hydrophobic properties. The catalytic core of the enzyme is composed of eight transmembrane helices, the iron-sulfur protein, and cytochrome c1. Cy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proechimys Oconnelli
O'Connell's spiny-rat (''Proechimys oconnelli'') is a species of rodent in the family Echimyidae. It is endemic to Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel .... Phylogeny Morphological characters and mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequences showed that ''P. oconnelli'' belongs to the so-called ''semispinosus'' group of ''Proechimys'' species, and shares closer phylogenetic affinities with the other member of this clade: '' P. semispinosus''. References Proechimys Endemic fauna of Colombia Mammals of Colombia Mammals described in 1913 Taxa named by Joel Asaph Allen Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Echimyidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
