|
Post-work Society
In futurology, political science, and science fiction, a post-work society is a society in which the nature of work has been radically transformed and traditional employment has largely become obsolete due to technological progress. Some post-work theorists imagine the complete automation of all jobs, or at least the takeover of all monotonous, rule-based, predictable and repetitive (and thus unworthy of humans) tasks in the future by ultimately cheaper, faster, more efficient, more reliable and more accurate intelligent machines. Additionally, these machines can work in harsher conditions and for longer periods of time without stopping than humans, which is expected to lead to a transition period of rapid economic growth, despite high rates of ever-increasing human unemployment. Overall, this development is expected to lead to an enormous increase in prosperity, provided that the wealth is redistributed. Future directions Future directions include the reshaping of the huma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Futurology
Futures studies, futures research or futurology is the systematic, interdisciplinary and holistic study of social and technological advancement, and other environmental trends, often for the purpose of exploring how people will live and work in the future. Predictive techniques, such as forecasting, can be applied, but contemporary futures studies scholars emphasize the importance of systematically exploring alternatives. In general, it can be considered as a branch of the social sciences and an extension to the field of history. Futures studies (colloquially called "futures" by many of the field's practitioners) seeks to understand what is likely to continue and what could plausibly change. Part of the discipline thus seeks a systematic and pattern-based understanding of past and present, and to explore the possibility of future events and trends. Unlike the physical sciences where a narrower, more specified system is studied, futurology concerns a much bigger and more comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Work Ethic
Work ethic is a belief that work and diligence have a moral benefit and an inherent ability, virtue or value to strengthen character and individual abilities. Desire or determination to work serves as the foundation for values centered on the importance of work or industrious work. Social ingrainment of this value is considered to enhance character through hard work that is respective to an individual's field of work. In ancient Greece, work was seen as a burden, and their term for it, ''ponos'', shared its root with the Latin word ''poena'', signifying sorrow. In Hebrew, work was associated with toil, representing the laborious act of extracting sustenance from the challenging earth. It was viewed as a consequence of the original sin in the Adam and Eve narrative. The Bible in reflects this, stating that due to their transgression, "By the sweat of your brow you will eat your food until you return to the ground." Factors of a good work ethic Proponents of a strong work ethi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Refusal Of Work
Refusal of work is behavior in which a person refuses regular employment."Refusal of work means quite simply: I don't want to go to work because I prefer to sleep. But this laziness is the source of intelligence, of technology, of progress. Autonomy is the self-regulation of the social body in its independence and in its interaction with the disciplinary norm"What is the Meaning of Autonomy Today?" by Bifo With or without a political or philosophical program, it has been practiced by various subcultures and individuals. It is frequently engaged in by those who critique the concept of work, and it has a long history. Radical political positions have openly advocated refusal of work. From within Marxism it has been advocated by Paul Lafargue and the Italian workerist/ autonomists (e.g. Antonio Negri, Mario Tronti), the French ultra-left (e.g. Échanges et Mouvement); and within anarchism (especially Bob Black and the post-left anarchy tendency). Abolition of unfree labour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Post-capitalism
Post-capitalism is in part a hypothetical state in which the economic systems of the world can no longer be described as forms of capitalism. Various individuals and political ideologies have speculated on what would define such a world. According to Classical Marxism, classical Marxist and Sociocultural evolution, social evolutionary theories, post-capitalist societies may come about as a result of revolutionary spontaneity, spontaneous evolution as capitalism becomes obsolete. Others propose models to intentionally replace capitalism, most notably socialism, communism, anarchism, nationalism and degrowth. History In 1993, Peter Drucker outlined a possible evolution of capitalistic society in his book ''Post-Capitalist Society''. This states that knowledge, rather than Capital (economics), capital, land, or labor, is the new basis of wealth. The classes of a fully post-capitalist society are expected to be divided into knowledge workers or service workers, in contrast to the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imagination Age
The Imagination Age is a theorized period following the Information Age where creativity and imagination become the primary creators of economic value (in contrast, the main activities of the Information Age were analysis and rational thought). It has been proposed that new technologies like virtual reality and user created content will change the way humans interact with each other and create economic and social structures. The AI boom of the 2020s has increased the ubiquity of information. The relevant neologism is the Fourth Industrial Revolution, popularized in 2016 based on transformative developments shifting the nature of industrial capitalism. One conception is that the rise of an immersive virtual reality (the metaverse or the cyberspace) will raise the value of "imagination work" done by designers, artists, et cetera, over rational thinking as a foundation of culture and economics. Origins of the term The terms ''Imagination Age'' as well as ''Age of Imaginatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humans Need Not Apply
''Humans Need Not Apply'' is a 2014 internet video directed, produced, written, and edited by CGP Grey. It focuses on the future of the integration of automation into economics, as well as the impact of this integration to the worldwide workforce. It was released online on YouTube on 13 August 2014. It was later made available via iTunes and RSS. Premise file:Google's Lexus RX 450h Self-Driving Car.jpg, A Lexus RX 450h retrofitted as a self-driving car by Google photographed in 2012, alt=Lexus RX 450h with attachment on top and Google logo on the side The video focuses on the topic of robots' rapidly increasing usefulness through human society, discussing how automation will lead to a future where wage labour, human labour is no longer needed. Early on, an analogy is made describing how humans once displaced horses from their jobs (by creating mechanical muscles such as car, automobiles), dismissing the argument that humans will always find new work, seeing as horses are n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
In Praise Of Idleness And Other Essays
''In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays'' is a 1935 collection of essays by the philosopher Bertrand Russell. Summary The collection includes essays on the subjects of sociology, ethics and philosophy. In the eponymous essay, Russell displays a series of arguments and reasoning with the aim of stating how the 'belief in the virtue of labour causes great evils in the modern world, and that the road to happiness and prosperity lies instead in a diminution of labour' and how work 'is by no means one of the purposes of human life'. Russell argues that if labour was equitably shared out amongst everyone, resulting in shorter workdays, unemployment would decrease and human happiness would increase due to the increase in leisure time, further resulting in increased involvement in the arts and sciences. Russell defends this thesis with two main arguments: * The first is that the value of work is a moral prejudice of the privileged classes who believe that the absence of activity would ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four-day Workweek
A four-day workweek is an arrangement where a workplace or place of education has its employees or students work or attend school, college or university over the course of four days per week rather than the more customary five-day workweek. This arrangement can be a part of flexible working hours, and is sometimes used to cost cutting, cut costs. The four-day week movement has grown considerably in recent years, with increasing numbers of businesses and organisations around the world trialling and moving permanently to a four-day working week of around 32 hours, with no less pay for workers. Most of these businesses and organisations have involved White-collar worker, white collar work, and found that a four-day week is a win-win for employees and employers, as trials have indicated that it leads to a better work-life balance, lower stress-levels, and increased productivity, mainly by eliminating wasted work time. An overwhelming majority of studies report that a four-day week le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Critique Of Work
Critique of work or critique of labour is the critique of, or wish to abolish, work ''as such'', and to critique what the critics of works deem wage slavery. Critique of work can be existential, and focus on how labour can be and/or feel meaningless, and stands in the way for self-realisation. But the critique of work can also highlight how excessive work may cause harm to nature, the productivity of society, and/or society itself. The critique of work can also take on a more utilitarian In ethical philosophy, utilitarianism is a family of normative ethical theories that prescribe actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the affected individuals. In other words, utilitarian ideas encourage actions that lead to the ... character, in which work simply stands in the way for human happiness as well as health. History Many thinkers have critiqued and wished for the abolishment of labour as early as in Ancient Greece.Cross. G. social research,Vol 72:No 2: Summer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nick Bostrom
Nick Bostrom ( ; ; born 10 March 1973) is a Philosophy, philosopher known for his work on existential risk, the anthropic principle, human enhancement ethics, whole brain emulation, Existential risk from artificial general intelligence, superintelligence risks, and the reversal test. He was the founding director of the now dissolved Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford and is now Principal Researcher at the Macrostrategy Research Initiative. Bostrom is the author of ''Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy'' (2002), ''Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies'' (2014) and ''Deep Utopia: Life and Meaning in a Solved World'' (2024). Bostrom believes that advances in artificial intelligence (AI) may lead to superintelligence, which he defines as "any intellect that greatly exceeds the cognitive performance of humans in virtually all domains of interest". He views this as a major source of opportunities and existential risks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Post-scarcity Economy
Post-scarcity is a theoretical economic situation in which most goods can be produced in great abundance with minimal human labor, so that they become available to all very cheaply or even freely. Post-scarcity does not mean that scarcity has been eliminated for all goods and services. Instead it means that all people can easily have their basic survival needs met along with some significant proportion of their desires for goods and services. Writers on the topic often emphasize that some commodities will remain scarce in a post-scarcity society. Models Speculative technology Futurists who speak of "post-scarcity" suggest economies based on advances in automated manufacturing technologies, often including the idea of self-replicating machines, the adoption of division of labour which in theory could produce nearly all goods in abundance, given adequate raw materials and energy. More speculative forms of nanotechnology such as molecular assemblers or nanofactories, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Workweek And Weekend
The weekdays and weekend are the complementary parts of the week, devoted to labour and rest, respectively. The legal weekdays (British English), or workweek (American English), is the part of the seven-day week devoted to working. In most of the world, the workweek is from Monday to Friday and the weekend is Saturday and Sunday. A weekday or workday is any day of the working week. Other institutions often follow this pattern, such as places of education. The constituted weekend has varying definitions, based on determined calendar days, designated period of time, and/or regional definition of the working week (e.g., commencing after 5:00 p.m. on Friday and lasting until 6:00 p.m. on Sunday). Sometimes the term "weekend" is expanded to include the time after work hours on the last workday of the week. Weekdays and workdays can be further detailed in terms of working time, the period of time that an individual spends at paid occupational labor. In many Christian tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
