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Pomeranian Language
), East Low German, East Pomeranian dialect The Pomeranian language ( Polish: ''pomorszczyzna'' or ''język pomorski'', German: ''Pomoranisch'' or ''die pomoranische Sprache'') is in the Pomeranian group of Lechitic languages ( Polish: ''grupa pomorska języków lechickich'', German: ''die pomoranische Gruppe der lechischen Sprachen'') within the West Slavic languages. In medieval contexts, it refers to the dialects spoken by the Slavic Pomeranians. In modern contexts, the term is sometimes used synonymously with "Kashubian" and may also include extinct Slovincian. The name '' Pomerania'' comes from Slavic , which means " andby the sea". Ancient Pomeranian During the early medieval Slavic migrations, the area between the Oder and Vistula rivers was settled by tribes grouped as Pomeranians. Their dialects, sometimes referred to as Ancient Pomeranian, had a transitory character between the Polabian dialects spoken west of Pomerania and the Old Polish dialects spok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Low German
: : : : : (70,000) (30,000) (8,000) , familycolor = Indo-European , fam2 = Germanic , fam3 = West Germanic , fam4 = North Sea Germanic , ancestor = Old Saxon , ancestor2 = Middle Low German , dia1 = West Low German , dia2 = East Low German , iso2 = nds , iso3 = nds , iso3comment = (Dutch varieties and Westphalian have separate codes) , lingua = 52-ACB , map = Nds Spraakrebeet na1945.svg , mapcaption = Present day Low German language area in Europe. , glotto = lowg1239 , glottoname = Low German , notice = IPA Low German or Low Saxon (in the language itself: , and other names; german: Plattdeutsch, ) is a West Germanic language variety spoken mainly in Northern Germany and the northeastern part of the Netherlands. The dialect of Plautdietsch is also spoken in the Russian Mennonite diaspora wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polabian Language
The Polabian language was a West Slavic language that was spoken by the Polabian Slavs (german: Wenden) in present-day northeastern Germany around the Elbe (''Łaba/Laba/Labe'' in Slavic) river, from which derives its name ("po Labe" – ''unto Elbe'' or ''ravelingon Elbe''). It was spoken approximately until the rise to power of Prussia in the mid-18th century – when it was superseded by Low German – in the areas of Pomoré (Mecklenburg-West Pomerania), central ( Mittelmark) part of Branibor (Brandenburg) and eastern Saxony-Anhalt (Wittenberg originally part of Béla Serbia), as well as in eastern parts of Wendland (Lower Saxony) and Dravänia (Schleswig-Holstein), Ostholstein and Lauenburg). Polabian was also relatively long (until the 16th century) spoken in and around the cities of Bukovéc (Lübeck), Starigard (Oldenburg) and Trava (Hamburg). The very poorly attested Slavic dialects of Rügen seemed to have had more in common with Polabian than with Pomeranian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germanisation
Germanisation, or Germanization, is the spread of the German language, people and culture. It was a central idea of German conservative thought in the 19th and the 20th centuries, when conservatism and ethnic nationalism went hand in hand. In linguistics, Germanisation of non-German languages also occurs when they adopt many German words. Under the policies of states such as the Teutonic Order, Austria, the German Empire and Nazi Germany, non-Germans were often prohibited from using their native language, and had their traditions and culture suppressed in the goal of gradually eliminating foreign cultures, a form of ethnic cleansing. In addition, colonists and settlers were used to upset the population balance. During the Nazi era, Germanisation turned into a policy of genocide against some non-German ethnic groups. Forms Historically there are different forms and degrees of the expansion of the German language and of elements of German culture. There are examples of complete a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Lorentz
Friedrich Lorentz (18 December 1870, Güstrow – 29 March 1937) was a German historian. He is the author of publications in the field of linguistics, as well as Kashubian and Slovincian culture. As he wrote, Kashubian is a language having 76 different subdialects. Works * ''Slovinzische Texte'' S.-Peterburg : Izdanìe Vtorogo Otdělenìâ Imperatorskoj Akademìi Nauk, 1905. * ''Kaszubi: kultura ludowa i język'', translated as ''The Cassubian Civilization'' by Friedrich Lorentz and A. Fischer with Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński (September 20, 1891 – February 17, 1965) was a Polish linguist, scholar, and professor of Slavonic studies. He was twice elected rector of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków before and after the Nazi German occupat ..., London, Faber and Faber, 1935. References * G. Stone ''Slav Outposts in Central European History: the Wends, Sorbs and Kashubs''. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016, p. 286 1870 births 1937 deaths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florian Ceynowa
Florian Ceynowa (Kashubian ''Florión Cenôwa'') (May 4, 1817 – March 26, 1881) was a doctor, political activist, writer, and linguist. He undertook efforts to identify Kashubian language, culture and traditions. He and Alexander Hilferding were not the only ones to study the language and legends of the Kashubians, but they had the greatest influence and prompted others to take up investigations. The individual nature of the Kashubian character and language was first described by Hilferding, to whom we are indebted for the first data about the range of Kashubian dialects. In 1856, he and Ceynowa traveled to the Kashubia. He awakened Kashubian self-identity, thereby opposing Germanisation and Prussian authority, and Polish nobility and clergy. He believed in a separate Kashubian identity and strove for a Russian-led pan-Slavic federation. He strove to create a program aimed at the introduction of a Kashubian standard in grammar, pronunciation and spelling, based on the spirit of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashubia
pl, Kaszuby , native_name_lang = csb, de, csb , settlement_type = Historical region , anthem = Zemia Rodnô , image_map = Kashubians in Poland.png , image_flag = Kashubian flag.svg , map_caption = , coordinates = , image_shield = Kaszëbsczi Herb.png , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Region , subdivision_name1 = Pomerania , capital = Kartuzy , largest_city = Wejherowo , seat_type = Largest cities , seat = Gdynia, Sopot, Puck, Kościerzyna, Bytów, Kartuzy, Wejherowo, Gdańsk , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST = CEST , utc_offset_DST ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashubians
The Kashubians ( csb, Kaszëbi; pl, Kaszubi; german: Kaschuben), also known as Cassubians or Kashubs, are a Lechitic ( West Slavic) ethnic group native to the historical region of Pomerania, including its eastern part called Pomerelia, in north-central Poland. Their settlement area is referred to as Kashubia. They speak the Kashubian language, which is classified as a separate language closely related to Polish. The Kashubs are closely related to the Poles and sometimes classified as their subgroup. The Kashubs are grouped with the Slovincians as Pomeranians. Similarly, the Slovincian (now extinct) and Kashubian languages are grouped as Pomeranian languages, with Slovincian (also known as Łeba Kashubian) either a distinct language closely related to Kashubian,Dicky Gilbers, John A. Nerbonne, J. Schaeken, ''Languages in Contact'', Rodopi, 2000, p. 329, or a Kashubian dialect.Christina Yurkiw Bethin, ''Slavic Prosody: Language Change and Phonological Theory'', pp. 160ff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pomerelia
Pomerelia,, la, Pomerellia, Pomerania, pl, Pomerelia (rarely used) also known as Eastern Pomerania,, csb, Pòrénkòwô Pòmòrskô Vistula Pomerania, prior to World War II also known as Polish Pomerania, is a historical sub-region of Pomerania on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea. The designation of Gdańsk Pomerania, is largely coextensive with Pomerelia, but slightly narrower, as it does not cover the Chełmno Land (including the Michałów Land). Its largest and most important city is Gdańsk. Since 1999, the region has formed the core of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. Overview Pomerelia is located in northern Poland west of the Vistula river and east of the Łeba river, mostly within the Pomeranian Voivodeship, with southern part located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and small parts in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It has traditionally been divided into Kashubia, Kociewie, Tuchola Forest and Chełmno Land (including the Michałów Land, sometimes with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch Dialect
Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch is a Low German dialect spoken in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It belongs to the East Low German group. In the western parts of the language area it is similar to some West Low German dialects, while the eastern parts are influenced by the Central Pomeranian ''(Mittelpommersch)'' dialect. It differs slightly from East Pomeranian, which used to be spoken widely in the what in 1945 became the Polish part of Farther Pomerania and included much more Slavic Pomeranian and Kashubian elements. Geography * In former Mecklenburg-Schwerin: Schwerin-Rostock-Wismar-Güstrow) * In Western Pomerania: Stralsund-Greifswald-Anklam) * In former Mecklenburg-Strelitz: Neustrelitz-Neubrandenburg Grammar Pronouns The personal pronouns in the dialect of Fritz Reuter Fritz Reuter (7 November 1810 – 12 July 1874; born as ''Heinrich Ludwig Christian Friedrich Reuter'') was a novelist from Northern Germany who was a prominent contributor to Low Germa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Pomeranian Dialect
East Low German (german: ostniederdeutsche Dialekte, ostniederdeutsche Mundarten, Ostniederdeutsch; nds, Oostplattdütsch) is a group of Low German dialects spoken in north-eastern Germany as well as by minorities in northern Poland. Together with West Low German dialects, it forms a dialect continuum of the Low German language. Before 1945, the dialect was spoken along the entire then-German-settled Baltic Coast from Mecklenburg, through Pomerania, West Prussia into certain villages of the East Prussian Klaipėda Region. East Pomeranian, Central Pomeranian and West Pomeranian should not be confused with the West Slavic Pomeranian language (german: Pomoranisch). Related languages East Low German belongs to the dialect continuum of the continental West Germanic languages. It developed from the older Middle Low German. In the West it fades into West Low German. The distinction is usually made referring to the plural endings of the verbs: East Low German endings are based on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Pomeranian Dialect
East Pomeranian (''Ostpommersch'') is an East Low German dialect that is either moribund or used to be spoken in what was roughly Pomerania (now northwestern Poland; previously part of Germany until the end of World War II) and today is also spoken in some communities in Brazil. It is part of the Low German language. East Pomeranian was mostly spoken in the Farther Pomerania (''Hinterpommern'') region of the Prussian Province of Pomerania and in Pomerelia. After World War II, the region became part of Poland, and most of the East Pomeranian-speaking German inhabitants of the region were forcibly expelled to regions within the new borders of Germany. East Pomeranian is also spoken in the United States (central Wisconsin and parts of Iowa) and in some areas of Brazil, including Pomerode, Espírito Santo and Rondonia. The varieties of East Pomeranian are: * Westhinterpommersch * Osthinterpommersch * Bublitzisch around Bobolice * Pommerellisch Further the east, German diale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostsiedlung
(, literally "East-settling") is the term for the Early Medieval and High Medieval migration-period when ethnic Germans moved into the territories in the eastern part of Francia, East Francia, and the Holy Roman Empire (that Germans had already conquered) and beyond; and the consequences for settlement development and social structures in the areas of immigration. Generally sparsely and only relatively recently populated by Slavic, Baltic and Finnic peoples, the area of colonization, also known as , encompassed (with relation to modern-day countries) Germany east of the Saale and Elbe rivers, the states of Lower Austria and Styria in Austria, the Baltics, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, and Transylvania in Romania. Since the 1980s, historians have interpreted the as a part of a civil and social development, termed the ''High Middle Age Land Consolidation'' ( de , Hochmittelalterlicher Landesausbau). In a pan-European intensification process ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
