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Politics Of Brunei
The politics of Brunei take place in a framework of an absolute monarchy, whereby the Sultan of Brunei is both head of state and head of government. Brunei is the only ruling state with an absolute monarchy in Southeast Asia. As of 2023, Brunei is one of seven monarchic dictatorships in the world. History British rule over the Sultanate of Brunei was in place from 1888 until the Japanese occupied the region during World War II, and then it returned to British rule in 1945. With Britain in charge of military and international affairs, Brunei attained self-government in 1959 and complete independence in January 1984 as a result of the 1979 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation. Since gaining its independence, Brunei has operated as a constitutional monarchy under the auspices of the Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB) state philosophy, which combines Islamic law, Malay culture, and monarchical rule. The Sultan Prior to the independence of Brunei, the state is subject to by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
State Of Emergency
A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state before, during, or after a natural disaster, civil unrest, armed conflict, medical pandemic or epidemic or other biosecurity risk. Relationship with international law Under international law, rights and freedoms may be suspended during a state of emergency, depending on the severity of the emergency and a government's policies. Use and viewpoints Democracies use states of emergency to manage a range of situations from extreme weather events to public order situations. dictatorship, Dictatorial regimes often declare a state of emergency that is prolonged indefinitely for the life of the regime, or for extended periods of time so that derogations can be used to override human rights of their citizens usually protected by the International Covenant on Civi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction (from Latin 'law' and 'speech' or 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice. In federations like the United States, the concept of jurisdiction applies at multiple levels (e.g., local, state, and federal). Jurisdiction draws its substance from international law, conflict of laws, constitutional law, and the powers of the executive and legislative branches of government to allocate resources to best serve the needs of society. International dimension Generally, international laws and treaties provide agreements which nations agree to be bound to. Such agreements are not always established or maintained. Extraterritorial jurisdiction is exercised through three principles outlined in the UN charter. These are equality of states, territorial sovereignty and non-intervention. This raises questions of when can many states prescribe or enforce jurisdiction. The ''Lotus'' case establishes two key rules t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Legislative Council Of Brunei
The Legislative Council of Brunei ( Malay: ''Majlis Mesyuarat Negara Brunei''; Jawi: ; abbrev: Legco) is a national unicameral legislature of Brunei. The council comprises 36 appointed members, that only has consultative tasks. Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, His Majesty Hassanal Bolkiah is the head of state with full executive authority, including emergency powers since 1962. The Council holds its sitting annually in March at the Legislative Council Building in Bandar Seri Begawan. History The period of the State Council came to an end in September 1959 with the adoption of Brunei's first codified Constitution. The Legislative, Executive, and Privy Councils took the role of the council itself. The Legislative Council was established in 1959 by virtue of Article 23 of Brunei's Constitution of 1959. The 1959 constitution included five advisory bodies, including a Legislative Council, and granted the sultan full executive authority. When the left-wing Brunei People's Party (B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Omar Ali Saifuddien III
Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien (Jawi script, Jawi: ; 23 September 1914 – 7 September 1986) was the 28th Sultan of Brunei, reigning from 1950 until his abdication in 1967 to his oldest son, Hassanal Bolkiah. Over the course of his 17-year reign, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III significantly altered Brunei. He also created the Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB) philosophy, which is the country's guiding ideology. In order to prepare his people for the restoration of the state's sovereign rights—which had been started by his predecessor and spurred by the Brunei Nationalism, nationalist movement toward the close of World War II—he also started social and economic reform. He became known as the Architect of Modern Brunei, Royal Poet, Father of Brunei Negara Zikir and Father of Independence. Early life and education Pengiran Muda Omar Ali Saifuddien was born at Istana Kota, Kampong Sultan Lama, Brunei Town on 23 September 1914. He was the seventh child out of ten of Sultan M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Rupa Bangunan Lapau Diraja Brunei , a given name
{{disambiguation, geo ...
Rupa may refer to: Places *Rupa, Arunachal Pradesh, India, a town *Rupa, Croatia, a town *Rupa, Kranj, a former village, now part of the city of Kranj, Slovenia *Rupa gold mine, Uganda *Rupa Lake, Nepal Organizations *RUPA, Rugby Union Players Association, Australia *Rupa Company, an Indian clothing company *Rupa Publications an Indian publishing company Other uses *Rūpa, Devanagari for "form", with various meanings in Indic religions * ''Rupa'' (beetle), a beetle genus *Rupa (name), a given name *Revised Uniform Partnership Act, a United States law See also * *Rup (other) *Roop (other) *Roopa Roopa (Hindi: रूपा) is a female given name in many languages of India, which means "blessed with beauty". Roopa may refer to: Notable people named Roopa * D. Roopa, Indian police officer *Roopa (actress) (born 1960), South Indian actress. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Credible Commitment
A commitment device is, according to journalist Stephen J. Dubner and economist Steven Levitt, a way to lock oneself into following a plan of action that one might not want to do, but which one knows is good for oneself. In other words, a commitment device is a way to give oneself a reward or punishment to make what might otherwise become an empty promise stronger and believable. A commitment device is a technique where someone makes it easier for themselves to avoid akrasia (acting against one's better judgment), particularly procrastination. Commitment devices have two major features. They are voluntarily adopted for use and they tie consequences to follow-through failures. Consequences can be immutable (irreversible, such as a monetary consequence) or mutable (allows for the possibility of future reversal of the consequence). Overview The term "commitment device" is used in both economics and game theory. In particular, the concept is relevant to the fields of economics an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Hassanal Bolkiah
Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah (born 15 July 1946) is the List of sultans of Brunei, Sultan of Brunei since 1967, and Prime Minister of Brunei, prime minister of Brunei since its independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. He is one of the few remaining Absolute monarchy#Current absolute monarchs, absolute monarchs in the world. The eldest son of Omar Ali Saifuddien III, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III and Raja Isteri Queen Damit of Brunei, Pengiran Anak Damit, he is the 29th sultan to ascend to the Succession to the Bruneian throne, Bruneian throne, following the abdication of his father in 1967. The sultan has been ranked among the wealthiest individuals in the world. As of 2023, Hassanal Bolkiah is said to have a net worth of $50 billion. He is the world's List of current reigning monarchs by length of reign, longest-reigning current monarch and the List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office, longest-serving current head of state. On 5 October 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Preference Falsification
Preference falsification is the act of misrepresenting a preference under perceived public pressure. It involves the selection of a publicly expressed preference that differs from the underlying privately held preference (or simply, a public preference at odds with one’s private preference). People frequently convey to each other preferences that differ from what they would communicate privately under credible cover of anonymity (such as in opinion surveys to researchers or pollsters). Techniques such as list experiments can be used to uncover preference falsification. The term was coined by Timur Kuran in a 1987 article, "Chameleon voters and public choice." On controversial matters that induce preference falsification, he showed there, widely disliked policies may appear popular. The distribution of public preferences, which Kuran defines as public opinion, may differ greatly from private opinion, which is the distribution of private preferences known only to individuals thems ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ministry Of Primary Resources And Tourism
The Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism (MPRT; , ''KSSUP'') is a cabinet of Brunei, cabinet-level ministry in the government of Brunei which oversees agriculture, fishing, forestry and tourism in Brunei, tourism in the country. It is currently led by a minister and the incumbent is Abdul Manaf Metussin, who took office since 7 June 2022. The ministry is headquartered in Bandar Seri Begawan. Background The ministry was previously known as the Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources (MIPR; ) until the renaming to its present name to reflect functional restructuring, in which oversight for the petroleum and non-primary industries has been transferred, at that time to the Prime Minister's Office (Brunei), Prime Minister's Office. It is also to reflect the emphasis on the development of tourism industry. Organisation The ministry manages the following departments: * Agriculture and Agrifood Department () * Department of Fisheries (Brunei), Department of Fisheries () * Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ministry Of Home Affairs (Brunei)
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA; , ''KHEDN'') is a Cabinet of Brunei, cabinet-level ministry in the government of Brunei which is responsible for the country's Administrative divisions of Brunei, administrative divisions, Municipalities of Brunei, municipal areas, immigration, labour, fire and rescue services, prison and rehabilitation institutions, and national disaster management. It was established immediately upon Brunei's independence on 1 January 1984. It is currently led by a minister and the incumbent is Ahmaddin Rahman, who took office since 7 June 2022. The ministry is headquartered in Bandar Seri Begawan. Organisation The ministry oversees the following departments: Budget In the 2022–23 fiscal year, the ministry has been allocated a budget of Brunei dollar, B$128 million, a 1.5 percent decrease from the previous year. List of ministers The ministry is headed by a Minister (government), minister () and is a member of the Council of Cabinet Ministers, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ministry Of Foreign Affairs (Brunei)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA; , ''KHELN''), formerly known as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MOFAT), is the cabinet-level ministry in the government of Brunei which is responsible for handling Brunei's external relations, the management of its international diplomatic missions and the nation's foreign trade policy. It was established immediately upon Brunei's independence on 1 January 1984. It is currently led by a minister and a second minister, in which the incumbents are Hassanal Bolkiah, the Sultan of Brunei, and Erywan Yusof respectively. The ministry is headquartered in Bandar Seri Begawan. History From 1888 until 1984, Brunei was a protectorate under British rule, but the nation began the foundations of a foreign ministry by creating a Diplomatic Service Department. After achieving full independence from the United Kingdom in January 1984, Brunei immediately established an independent foreign ministry, then known as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
