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Plav–Gusinje Massacres (1912–1913)
The Plav–Gusinje massacres of 1912-1913 occurred between late 1912 and March 1913 in the areas of the modern Plav Municipality, Plav and Gusinje Municipality, Gusinje municipalities and adjacent areas. More than 1,800 locals, mostly Muslim Albanians from these two regions were killed and 12,000 were forced to convert to Orthodoxy by the military administration put in charge of these regions by the Kingdom of Montenegro which had annexed them during the First Balkan War. Much of the military administration of Plav-Gusinje was manned by the captaincy of the Vasojevići tribe. Brigadier Avro Cemović was the chief leader of the perpetrators of the massacres. The events of the massacres and the forced conversions were stopped with the intervention mainly of Austria-Hungary in April 1913 after the killing of Franciscan Albanian monk Luigj Palaj in a similar campaign of forced conversion in western Kosovo. The events caused a wave of refugees towards Albania and the Ottoman Empire (mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serdar (Ottoman Rank)
Serdar (; from " Sardar") was a military rank in the Ottoman Empire and a noble rank in Montenegro and Serbia. Serdars often served on the borders of the Ottoman Empire. The term is often translated as 'commander' in English texts and originally comes from the Persian language. The title Serdar was also used in the Principality of Montenegro and the Principality of Serbia as an honorary non-noble title below that of '' vojvoda.'' Janko Vukotić, the former prime minister of Montenegro, held the title of serdar''.'' Uses * Serdar is a popular male name in Turkey. * Serdar is a popular male name in Turkmenistan. * Serdar-ı Ekrem or ( Serdar-ı Azam) means the commander-in-chief with the highest rank, and thus, it sometimes refers to the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. * Serdar is also used as a noun (especially to give a nostalgic feeling) with its original meaning (i.e. commander-in-chief) in Turkish. For example, "Ordunun serdarı yiğit savaşçılarına saldırı emrini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatwa
A fatwa (; ; ; ) is a legal ruling on a point of Islamic law (sharia) given by a qualified Islamic jurist ('' faqih'') in response to a question posed by a private individual, judge or government. A jurist issuing fatwas is called a ''mufti'', and the act of issuing fatwas is called ''ifta. Fatwas have played an important role throughout Islamic history, taking on new forms in the modern era. Resembling ''jus respondendi'' in Roman law and rabbinic ''responsa'', privately issued fatwas historically served to inform Muslim populations about Islam, advise courts on difficult points of Islamic law, and elaborate substantive law. In later times, public and political fatwas were issued to take a stand on doctrinal controversies, legitimize government policies or articulate grievances of the population. During the era of mass European/Christian invasions, fatwas played a part in mobilizing resistance against foreign aggressors. Muftis acted as independent scholars in the classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gavrilo V, Serbian Patriarch
Gavrilo Dožić ( sr-Cyrl, Гаврило Дожић; 17 May 1881 – 7 May 1950), also known as Gavrilo V, was the Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral (1920–1938) and the 41st Serbian Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church, from 1938 to 1950. Early life Đorđe Dožić (Ђорђе Дожић) was born on 17 May 1881 in Vrujci, Kolašin, Lower Morača, Montenegro, near Morača Monastery. His family belonged to the Medenica brotherhood. He finished primary school at the monastery, as a pupil of his paternal uncle, archimandrite Mihailo. He went to theological schools in Prizren ( Seminary of Prizren) and the Prince Islands ( Halki seminary). After that, he finished the theological faculty in Athens (University of Athens). He worked as the secretary of the monastery of Hilandar. Bishop After bishop Nićifor Perić of Raška-Prizren withdrew from his office (1911), due to disagreement with the Serbian diplomacy, the Patriarchate of Constantinople appointed Gavril ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gendarmerie
A gendarmerie () is a paramilitary or military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term ''gendarme'' () is derived from the medieval French expression ', which translates to " men-at-arms" (). In France and some Francophone nations, the gendarmerie is a branch of the armed forces that is responsible for internal security in parts of the territory (primarily in rural areas and small towns in the case of France), with additional duties as military police for the armed forces. It was introduced to several other Western European countries during the Napoleonic conquests. In the mid-twentieth century, a number of former French mandates and colonial possessions (such as Lebanon, Syria, the Ivory Coast and the Republic of the Congo) adopted a gendarmerie after independence. Similar forces exist in most European countries. The European Gendarmerie Force is a structure, aligned with the European Union, that facilitates joint operations. A similar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plav, Montenegro
Plav ( Serbian: Плав; ; Bosnian : Plav; ) is a town located in the Northern Region of Montenegro, situated along the Lim River, which originates from nearby Lake Plav, a glacial lake at the foot of the Prokletije mountains. It has a population of 3,717 (2011 census). Plav is the centre of Plav Municipality with a population of 9,050. Name The name ''Plav'' (Плав) is derived from Slavic ''plav'', "a flooded place" (''poplava'', "flood"). Geography Plav is located at the foot of the Accursed Mountains range, adjacent to the springs of the river Lim. The area contains many lakes and the most known is Lake Plav, one of the largest in this region. The lakes Hrid and Visitor are mountain lakes, and Visitor is noted for its floating island. Plav is also renowned for its karst wells, among which are Ali Pasha of Gucia Springs and Oko Skakavica. Villages in the municipality include Gusinje. History The toponym ''Hotina Gora'' (mountains of Hoti) in the Plav and Gusinje ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vusanje
Vusanje ( cnr-Cyrl, Вусање; ) is a village in Gusinje Municipality, Montenegro. According to the 2003 census, the town had 648 inhabitants. Geography Vusanje is located within the Plav municipality, below the town of Gusinje. It is located in the geographical region of Prokletije mountain, in the basin of the Lim (river), Lim river. There is a notable waterfall Grlja. History The village was settled by ancestors of the Kelmendi region of Albania, by Gjonbalaj and Nrel Bala family. Until 1912, it was part of Ottoman Empire. During the First Balkan War in 1912 it became part of the Kingdom of Montenegro. The village is made up of two settlements, Katundi i siper (upper village) and katundi i ulet (lower village). Also there is a hamlet called Zarunic. Post 1913, the village was subjected to repression and discrimination from the Montenegrin and Yugoslavian governments. The result was the expulsion of the 90% of the population to the United States, mostly in the New York are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gusinje
Gusinje (, ; ) is a small town in Montenegro in the northern region. According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 1,673 and is the administrative center of Gusinje Municipality. Name Two alternative etymologies have been proposed for the toponym ''Gusinje''. One links it to Slavic ''guska'' (goose), the other to the Illyrian term ''Geusiae'' from which the Albanian name of the town, ''Guci(a)'', would have evolved. In archival records, it has been recorded variably as ''Gousino'' (Гоусино), ''Gustigne'' (1614) in Venetian archives, ''Gusna'' (گوسن) and ''Gusinye'' in Ottoman Turkish. Geography The town is located in the Plav-Gusinje area, part of the upper Lim valley in the Accursed Mountains range at an elevation of 1,014 m. Zla Kolata, the highest mountain in Montenegro about 10 km south of Gusinje in the Prokletije National Park. Gusinje is on the Vermosh River, which flows eastwards towards Plav. About 2 km south of Gusinje's center i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jakup Ferri
Jakup Ferri (c.1832 – 4 December 1879) was an Albanian warrior from Plav-Gusinje who served as a local leader in the League of Prizren's resistance during the Principality of Montenegro's attempt to subjugate his homeland in 1879. He was distinguished in the Battle of Novšiće, where he died. Family He was born in 1832 to an ethnic Albanian family in Plav. His father Ferr Duri descended from the Kuči tribe. His great-great-grandfather Gjergj Prentashi with his brother had left Kuči for Podgorica and then settled in Plav, where they converted to Islam. His great-grandfather Shaban had two sons Halil and Dur. In turn, Dur had two sons Hajro and Ferr, the father of Jakup Ferri. He had three brothers Zeqo, Shaqir and Beqir, who died in the battle of Novsice. His mother was Zyl Rexha. At the age of 25, Jakup Ferri was married to Pemba, a cousin of Ali Pasha of Gusinje. He had five sons (Hasan, Mehmed, Omer, Agan, Emin) and three daughters (Kushe, Bardhoke, Zadeja). His desc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radončić
Radončić (Cyrillic: Радончић) is a surname found mostly in Montenegro and the Sandžak region of Serbia. In those areas, it is related with the Radončić brotherhood of Old Kuči. The village ''Radona'' with 55 households is attested in the nahiya of Kuči in the defter of the Sanjak of Scutari in 1485. The Radončić family claims descent from Vujošević who are of the Đurđević branch of old Kuči. Marko Miljanov says ultimately the Radončić are from Đurađ Pantin Notable people with the surname include: * Dino Radončić (born 1999), Montenegrin professional basketball player *Dženan Radončić Dženan Radončić (Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, Cyrillic: Џенан Радончић; born 2 August 1983) is a Montenegrin retired professional association football, footballer who played as a forward (association football), forward. Career In J ... (born 1983), Montenegrin footballer * Fahrudin Radončić (born 1957), Bosnian businessman and politician * Muamer Zuko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ismail Nikoçi
Ismail Nikoçi (1876-1919) was an Albanian political activist from Gucia (now, Gusinje) in present-day Montenegro and mayor of that town. He played a significant role in the defense of the national rights of the Albanian ethnic community in Plava-Gucia in the period from its annexation to Montenegro in the Balkans Wars to its final annexation to Yugoslavia in 1919. He was born in 1876 in the town of Gucia. His father Ferhat Nikoçi had fought alongside Ali Pasha of Gucia in the defense of the region against the Montenegrin army. Ismail Nikoçi studied law in Salonica. In the Albanian revolt of 1910, he fought under the leadership of Hasan Ferri against Turgut Pasha. He was imprisoned for his participation in the revolt. In the First Balkan War, Montenegro again attacked the region and on 19 October the Montenegrin army entered Plav. A day later, on 20 October they entered Gucia. One of the first acts of the military administration was to imprison in Nikšić 323 important local ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikšić
Nikšić (Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Никшић, ), is the second largest city in Montenegro, with a total population of 32,046 (2023 census) located in the west of the country, in the centre of the spacious Nikšić field at the foot of Trebjesa Hill. It is the center of Nikšić Municipality with population of 65,705 according to 2023 census, which is the largest municipality by area and second most inhabited after Podgorica. It was also the largest municipality by area in the former Yugoslavia. It is an important industrial, cultural, and educational center. Name In classical antiquity, the area of Nikšić was the site of the settlement of the Illyrians, Illyrian tribe of the Endirudini and was known in sources of the time as Anderba or Enderon. The Roman Empire built a Castra, military camp (''castrum Anderba'') in the 4th century AD, which was known as the Ostrogothic fortress ''Anagastum'' (after 459. AD). After Slavic settlement in the region, Anagastum became Slavic ''Ono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
