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Phyllostachys Edulis
''Phyllostachys edulis'', the bamboo, or tortoise-shell bamboo, or (), (), () is a temperate species of giant timber bamboo native to China and Taiwan and naturalised elsewhere, including Japan where it is widely distributed from south of Hokkaido to Kagoshima. The ''edulis'' part of the Latin name refers to its edible shoots. This bamboo can reach heights of up to . This particular species of bamboo is the most common species used in the bamboo textile industry of China and other countries, for the production of rayon. Moso is less cold-hardy than many ''Phyllostachys'', surviving at a reduced height down to . Ecology ''Phyllostachys edulis'' spreads using both asexual and sexual reproduction. The most common and well known mode for this plant is asexual reproduction. This occurs when the plant sends up new culms from underground rhizomes. The culms grow quickly and can reach a height of (depending on the age and health of the plant). In mature individuals, the culms in y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Élie-Abel Carrière
Élie-Abel Carrière (4 June 1818 – 17 August 1896) was a French botanist, based in Paris. He was a leading authority on Pinophyta, conifers in the period 1850–1870, describing many new species, and the new genera ''Tsuga'', ''Keteleeria'' and ''Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga''. His most important work was the ''Traité Général des Conifères'', published in 1855, with a second, extensively revised edition in 1867. There is a brief biography of Carrière, in English, in the journal ''Brittonia''. In addition to his studies of conifers, he published a number of works in the field of horticulture: * ''Guide pratique du jardinier multiplicateur: ou art de propager les végétaux par semis, boutures, greffes, etc''. (1856)-- book on propagation of plants by seeds, cuttings, grafting, grafts. * ''Flore des jardins de l'Europe: manuel général des plantes, arbres et arbustes, comprenant leur origine, description, culture : leur application aux jardins d'agrément, à l'agricu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
P-Coumaric Acid
''p''-Coumaric acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4CH=CHCO2H. It is one of the three isomers of coumaric acid. It is a white solid that is only slightly soluble in water but very soluble in ethanol and diethyl ether. Natural occurrences It is a precursor to many natural products, especially Monolignol, lignols, precursors to the woody mass that comprise many plants. Of the myriad occurrences, ''p''-coumaric acid can be found in ''Gnetum cleistostachyum''. In food ''p''-Coumaric acid can be found in a wide variety of edible plants and fungi such as peanuts, navy beans, tomatoes, carrots, basil and garlic. It is found in wine and vinegar. It is also found in barley grain. ''p''-Coumaric acid from pollen is a constituent of honey. Derivatives p-Coumaric acid glucoside, ''p''-Coumaric acid glucoside can also be found in commercial breads containing flaxseed. Diesters of ''p''-coumaric acid can be found in carnauba wax. Biosynthesis It is biosynthesized from c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isoorientin
Isoorientin (homoorientin) is a flavone, a chemical flavonoid-like compound. It is the luteolin-6-''C''-glucoside. Natural occurrence Isoorientin can be isolated from the passion flower, '' Vitex negundo'', '' Terminalia myriocarpa'', the Açaí palm, and ''Swertia japonica''. Potential pharmacology Isoorientin has been studied for its potential pharmacological activity. Bioassay-directed fractionation techniques led to isolation of isoorientin as the main hypoglycaemic component in ''Gentiana olivieri''. Studies also showed that isoorientin is a potential neuroprotective compound against Alzheimer's disease. Metabolism * Isoorientin 3'-O-methyltransferase See also * Orientin, the 8-C glucoside A glucoside is a glycoside that is chemically derived from glucose. Glucosides are common in plants, but rare in animals. Glucose is produced when a glucoside is hydrolysed by purely chemical means, or decomposed by fermentation or enzymes. Th ... of luteolin. Referenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orientin
Orientin is a flavone, a chemical flavonoid-like compound. It is the 8-C glucoside of luteolin. Natural occurrences Orientin is found in '' Adonis vernalis'', in ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' and ''Anadenanthera peregrina'', and in the ''Phyllostachys nigra'' bamboo leaves ; In food Orientin is also reported in the passion flower, the Açaí palm, buckwheat sprouts, and in millet Millets () are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. Most millets belong to the tribe Paniceae. Millets are important crops in the Semi-arid climate, ...s. Identification The identification of orientin has been reported widely. Its identification using mass spectrometry is established.Welch, C., Zhen, J., Bassène, E., Raskin, I., Simon, J.E. and Wu, Q., 2017. Bioactive polyphenols in kinkéliba tea (Combretum micranthum) and their glucose-lowering activities. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. See ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycosylation
Glycosylation is the reaction in which a carbohydrate (or ' glycan'), i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor) in order to form a glycoconjugate. In biology (but not always in chemistry), glycosylation usually refers to an enzyme-catalysed reaction, whereas glycation (also 'non-enzymatic glycation' and 'non-enzymatic glycosylation') may refer to a non-enzymatic reaction. Glycosylation is a form of co-translational and post-translational modification. Glycans serve a variety of structural and functional roles in membrane and secreted proteins. The majority of proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum undergo glycosylation. Glycosylation is also present in the cytoplasm and nucleus as the ''O''-GlcNAc modification. Aglycosylation is a feature of engineered antibodies to bypass glycosylation. Five classes of glycans are produced: * ''N''-linked glycans attached to a nitrogen of asparagi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tricin
Tricin is a chemical compound. It is an ''O''-methylated flavone, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in rice bran and sugarcane. Glycosides * Tricin 4'-glucoside (Tricin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranaoside, CAS number 71855-50-0) * Tricin 5-glucoside (Tricin 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, CAS number 32769-00-9) * Tricin 7-O-glucoside (Tricin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, CAS number 32769-01-0) Biosynthesis The biosynthesis of flavones has not yet been elucidated in full; however, most of the mechanistic and enzymatic steps have been discovered and studied. In biosynthesizing tricin, there is first stepwise addition of malonyl-CoA via the polyketide pathway and ''p''-coumaroyl-CoA via the phenylpropanoid pathway. These additions are mediated by the sequential action of chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase to yield naringenin chalcone and the flavanone, naringenin, respectively. CYP93G1 of the CYP450 superfamily in rice then desaturates naringenin into apigenin. After this s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavone
Flavone is an organic compound with the formula . A white solid, flavone is a derivative of chromone with a phenyl (Ph) substituent adjacent to the ether group. The compound is of little direct practical importance, but substituted derivatives, the flavones and flavonoids are a large class of nutritionally important natural products. Flavone can be prepared in the laboratory by cyclization of 2-hydrox acetophenone. Isomeric with flavone is isoflavone, where the phenyl group is adjacent to the ketone In organic chemistry, a ketone is an organic compound with the structure , where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). The simplest ketone is acetone ( .... References {{Flavones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorogenic Acid
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, functioning as an intermediate in lignin biosynthesis. The term chlorogenic acids refers to a related polyphenol family of esters, including hydroxycinnamic acids ( caffeic acid, ferulic acid and ''p''-coumaric acid) with quinic acid. Despite the "chloro" of the name, chlorogenic acids contain no chlorine. Instead, the name comes from the Greek χλωρός (khloros, light green) and -γένος (genos, a suffix meaning "giving rise to"), pertaining to the green color produced when chlorogenic acids are oxidized. Structural properties Structurally, chlorogenic acid is the ester formed between caffeic acid and the 3-hydroxyl of L-quinic acid. Isomers of chlorogenic acid include the caffeoyl ester at other hydroxyl sites on the quinic acid ring: 4-''O''-caffeoylquinic acid (cryptochlorogenic acid or 4-CQA) and 5-''O''-caffeoylquinic acid (neochlorogenic acid or 5-CQA). The epimer at position 1 has not y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
