|
Philippe I, Duke Of Orléans
''Monsieur'' Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (21 September 1640 – 9 June 1701) was the younger son of King Louis XIII of France and Anne of Austria, and the younger brother of King Louis XIV. He was the founder of the House of Orléans, a cadet branch of the ruling House of Bourbon. Styled Duke of Anjou from birth, Philippe became Duke of Orléans upon the death of his uncle Gaston, Duke of Orléans, Gaston in 1660. He was also granted the dukedoms of Counts and dukes of Valois, Valois, List of counts and dukes of Chartres, Chartres and Duke of Nemours, Nemours. Known as ''le Petit Monsieur'' or simply ''Monsieur'', Philippe was a distinguished military commander and took part in the War of Devolution and the Franco-Dutch War, the latter of which saw his victory over William III of England, William of Orange at the Battle of Cassel (1677), Battle of Cassel. Through careful personal administration, he greatly augmented the fortunes of the House of Orléans, which rivalled th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Orléans
Duke of Orléans () was a French royal title usually granted by the King of France to one of his close relatives (usually a younger brother or son), or otherwise inherited through the male line. First created in 1344 by King Philip VI for his younger son Philip, the title was recreated by King Charles VI for his younger brother Louis, who passed the title on to his son and then to his grandson, the latter becoming King Louis XII. The title was created and recreated six times in total, until 1661, when Louis XIV bestowed it upon his younger brother Philippe, who passed it on to his male descendants, who became known as the " Orléans branch" of the Bourbons. Based at the Palais-Royal, the Duke of Orléans Louis-Philippe II contested the authority of his cousin Louis XVI in the adjacent Louvre. His son would eventually ascend to the throne in 1830 as Louis-Philippe I, King of the French. The descendants of the family are the Orléanist pretenders to the French throne. Île d'O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monsieur
( ; ; pl. ; ; 1512, from Middle French , literally "my lord") is an honorific title that was used to refer to or address the eldest living brother of the king in the French royal court. It has now become the customary French title of respect and term of address for a French-speaking man, corresponding to such English titles as Mr. or sir. History Under the Ancien Régime, the court title of Monsieur referred to the next brother in the line of succession of the King of France. It was always used for referring to the prince, not as a style. The Kings' brothers were addressed as Monseigneur or Royal Highness. Hercule François, Duke of Anjou and Alençon (1555–1584), was the first notable member of the royalty to assume the title without the use of an adjoining proper name. In 1576, Monsieur pressured his brother King Henry III of France into signing the Edict of Beaulieu and effectively ending the Fifth Religious War of France. The resulting peace became popular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queens Consort Of Spain
This is a list of the women who were queen consort, queens as wives of List of Spanish monarchs, Spanish monarchs from the 16th century, when Spain was unified, until present. Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz is the only ''King Consort'', as the husband of Queen Isabella II. House of Habsburg House of Bourbon House of Bonaparte House of Bourbon (first restoration) House of Savoy House of Bourbon (second and third restoration) See also * List of Spanish monarchs * List of Aragonese consorts * List of Asturian consorts * List of Castilian consorts * List of Leonese consorts * List of Galician consorts * List of Navarrese consorts {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Spanish Consorts Spanish royal consorts, * Lists of queens, Spain, Royal Consorts of Lists of Spanish royal consorts, Spain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Effeminacy
Effeminacy or male femininity is the embodiment of feminine traits in boys or men, particularly those considered untypical of men or masculinity. These traits include roles, stereotypes, behaviors, and appearances that are socially associated with girls and women. Throughout Western civilization, men considered effeminate have faced prejudice and discrimination. Gay men are often stereotyped as being effeminate, and vice versa. However, femininity, masculinity, and other forms of gender expression are independent of sexual orientation. Terminology ''Effeminate'' comes from Latin '' effeminātus'', from the factitive prefix ''ex-'' (from ''ex'' 'out') and ''femina'' 'woman'; it means 'made feminine, emasculated, weakened'. Other vernacular words for effeminacy include: ''pansy'', ''nelly'', ''pretty boy'', ''nancy boy'', ''girly boy'', ''molly'', '' sissy'', '' pussy'', ''tomgirl'', '' femboy'', ''roseboy'', ''baby'', and ''girl'' (when applied to a boy or, especially, adult m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chevalier De Lorraine
Philippe of Lorraine (1643 – 8 December 1702), known as the Chevalier de Lorraine, was a French nobleman, descendant of the Dukes of Elbeuf, member of the House of Guise, cadet branch of the House of Lorraine. He was the renowned lover of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, brother of Louis XIV. Biography Philippe was the second son of the Prince Henri I de Lorraine, Comte d'Harcourt and his wife, Marguerite-Philippe du Cambout. His father, Henri of Lorraine, was created the Count of Harcourt in 1605, aged 4. Henri was also the Grand Squire of France, a prestigious office in charge of the royal stables, the transport of the king, and his ceremonial entourage. He was known as ''Monsieur le Grand''. His mother, Marguerite-Philippe du Cambout, was a member of an ancient House of Cambout, who traced their ancestry back to the Sovereign Dukes of Brittany (11th century–1547). His oldest brother, Louis, was Count of Armagnac and husband of Catherine de Neufville (1639-1707), the you ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Cassel (1677)
The Battle of Cassel, also known as the Battle of Peene, took place on 11 April 1677 during the Franco-Dutch War, near Cassel, west of Saint-Omer. A French army commanded by the duc de Luxembourg defeated a combined Dutch–Spanish force under William of Orange. At the start of 1677, peace negotiations opened at Nijmegen; France already held most of the positions in the Spanish Netherlands that Louis XIV of France considered necessary for a defensible border. This would be completed by taking St-Omer and Cambrai, which he wanted to capture as soon as possible, allowing him to negotiate from a position of strength. While William could not save St-Omer, he was determined to fight for Cambrai, leading to the battle outside Cassel. After initial cavalry attacks by both sides were repulsed, a fierce struggle began between the two sets of infantry. The French infantry on the right drove back the Dutch left, which was then scattered by a French cavalry assault. Meanwhile, an Allied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William III Of England
William III (William Henry; ; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of County of Holland, Holland, County of Zeeland, Zeeland, Lordship of Utrecht, Utrecht, Guelders, and Lordship of Overijssel, Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from 1672, and List of English monarchs, King of England, Monarchy of Ireland, Ireland, and List of Scottish monarchs, Scotland from 1689 until his death in 1702. He ruled Great Britain and Ireland with his wife, Queen Mary II, and their joint reign is known as that of William and Mary. William was the only child of William II, Prince of Orange, and Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, Mary, Princess Royal, the daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland. His father died a week before his birth, making William III the prince of Orange from birth. In 1677, he Cousin marriage, married his first cousin Mary, the elder daughter of his maternal u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franco-Dutch War
The Franco-Dutch War, 1672 to 1678, was primarily fought by Kingdom of France, France and the Dutch Republic, with both sides backed at different times by a variety of allies. Related conflicts include the 1672 to 1674 Third Anglo-Dutch War and 1675 to 1679 Scanian War. In May 1672, France nearly overran the Netherlands, an event remembered in Dutch history as the ''Rampjaar'', or "Disaster Year". However, by late July the position had stabilised, while concern over French gains brought the Dutch support from Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor Leopold I, Habsburg Spain, Spain and Brandenburg-Prussia. Previously an ally of France, Kingdom of England, England Treaty of Westminster (1674), exited the war in February 1674. Now facing a war of attrition on several fronts, Louis XIV of France instead focused on strengthening French borders with the Spanish Netherlands and Rhineland, while a coalition led by William III of England, William of Orange sought to minimise any losses. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of Devolution
The War of Devolution took place from May 1667 to May 1668. In the course of the war, Kingdom of France, France occupied large parts of the Spanish Netherlands and County of Burgundy, Franche-Comté, both then provinces of the Holy Roman Empire ruled by Habsburg Spain, Spain. Its name derives from an obscure law known as the ''Jus Devolutionis'', used by Louis XIV to claim that these territories had "devolved" to him by right of marriage to Maria Theresa of Spain. The French encountered minimal resistance, but Louis returned much of their gains in the May 1668 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668), Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. The terms were agreed by Emperor Leopold I in January 1668, reinforced by the Triple Alliance (1668), Triple Alliance of Kingdom of England, England, Swedish Empire, Sweden and the Dutch Republic. The French invasion of the Spanish Netherlands marked the end of the long-standing Franco-Dutch alliance, and was the first of Louis XIV's wars of expansion that domin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Nemours
Duke of Nemours was a title in the Peerage of France. The name refers to Nemours in the Île-de-France region of north-central France. History In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Lordship of Nemours, in the Gâtinais, France, was a possession of the house of Villebéon, a member of which, Gautier III of Nemours, Gautier, was marshal of France in the middle of the 13th century. The lordship was sold to King Philip III of France in 1274 and 1276 by Jean de Nemours, Jean and Philippe de Nemours. It was then made a county and given in 1364 to Jean III de Grailly, captal de Buch. In 1404, Charles VI of France gave it to Charles II of Navarre, Charles III of Navarre and elevated it into a duchy in the peerage of France, in exchange to his ancestral county of Évreux in Normandy. After being confiscated and restored several times, the duchy reverted to the French crown in 1504, after the extinction of the house of Armagnac-Pardiac. In 1507, it was given by Louis XII of France to his nephe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Counts And Dukes Of Chartres
Originally, the Duchy of Chartres (''duché de Chartres'') was the ''comté'' de Chartres, a County. The title of comte de Chartres thus became duc de Chartres. This duchy–peerage was given by Louis XIV of France to his nephew, Philippe II d'Orléans, at his birth in 1674. Philippe II was the younger son and heir of the king's brother, Philippe de France, Duke of Orléans. Carolingian Counts * 882-886 Hastein, Viking chieftain, beat Carloman II of France in 879, agreed to settle and received the County of Chartres. He sold it in 886 to finance an expedition during which he disappeared. Hereditary Counts House of Blois The northern portion of the County of Blois, bordering on Normandy, was sometimes alienated as the County of Chartres, but the Counts of Blois who possessed it did not use a separate title for it. In 1391, the death of the only son of Guy II, Count of Blois prompted him to sell the inheritance of the County of Blois to Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counts And Dukes Of Valois
The Valois ( , also , ; originally ''Pagus Valensis'') was a region in the valley of the Oise river in Picardy in the north of France. It was a fief in West Francia and subsequently the Kingdom of France until its counts furnished a line of kings, the House of Valois, to succeed the House of Capet in 1328. It was, along with the counties of Beauvais, the Vexin, Vermandois, and Laon, part of the "Oise line" of ''fiefdoms'' which were held often by one individual or an individual family as a string of defences against Viking assault on Paris. The medieval county and duchy of Valois was located in northern France. It was included in the northeastern part of the government of Île-de-France, while being part of the province of Picardy. Its capital was Crépy-en-Valois.Mish, Frederick C., Editor in Chief. "Valois". '' Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary''. 9th ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc., 1985. , (indexed), and (deluxe). Counts of Valois Carolingian counts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
