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People's Labor Party
The People's Labour Party (, HEP), sometimes translated as the People's Work Party, was a pro- Kurdish political party in Turkey. History It was founded on 7 June 1990 by seven members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly expelled from the Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP). They were expelled from the SHP for having attended a Kurdish congress organized by the Kurdish Institute in Paris. HEP was led by Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar. It first viewed itself as a party for the whole of Turkey. But that a party represented in the Turkish Parliament openly demanded more rights for the Kurds was new to Turkish politics. Its politicians held speeches in front of audiences of up to 10,000 people in Southeast Turkey, which was deemed a danger to public security by the Turkish authorities. In view of the "Kurdish question", the HEP vigorously campaigned for the right to self-determination of the people by means of a federation, referendum or a similar kind of solution found by the pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar
Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar (born 1941, Urfa) is a Turkish politician, and worked as a unionist, a member of the executive board and General Secretary of the Metal-İş Federation, the President of Çağdaş Metal İş, and the Secretary General of DİSK. He also served as a member of parliament for Bursa in the 18th term and for Diyarbakır in the 19th term (according to Article 84/3 of the Constitution of Turkey, Constitution, his membership ended on 17 August 1993). He served as the Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the General Chairman of the People's Labour Party (Turkey), People's Labour Party. He graduated from Kirikkale Machinery and Technician School. He is married and has four children. Life and political career Işıklar's political career began with his involvement in the Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP), later leading HEP during its brief existence. Işıklar's political activities focused on advocating for the rights of the Kurdish people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1991 Turkish General Election
General elections were held in Turkey on 20 October 1991, to elect members to the 19th Grand National Assembly. It was the first by the ruling Motherland Party to be contested without its founding leader, Turgut Özal, who had become Turkish president two years previously. The result was a swing against Özal's former party in favour of its fierce centre-right rival, the True Path Party led by Süleyman Demirel. The vote saw two additional parties cross the 10 percent barrier to enter parliament. Necmettin Erbakan and his Welfare Party saw a party of religious background returned for the first time in 14 years. Welfare had a greatly increased share of the vote and took several key provinces, including Istanbul in 1994 local elections. Bülent Ecevit's Democratic Left Party also scraped through to win seven seats. Voter turnout was 83.9%. Background The diversification of the communication tools in the 1980s and 1990s affected political campaigns. One feature that distingu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vedat Aydın (Kurdish Politician)
Vedat Aydın (19537July 1991) was a Kurdish politician in Turkey and human rights defender. He was married to Sükran Aydın. Early life and education He was born in 1953 in the village of Kazancı in Bismil District of Diyarbakir Province. He graduated from the Literary department of the Vocational School in Diyarbakir in 1979. He became a founding member and delegate of the Diyarbakir branch of the Turkish Human Rights Association (IHD). Kurdish rights activist At the annual meeting of the IHD in October 1990, he gave the first public speech in Kurdish language in Turkey, which was forbidden. The decision to make the speech in Kurdish was taken by the Kurdish delegates, but caught others by surprise. Many other non-Kurdish delegates left the congress in protest while Aydin kept on with his speech, which was translated by Ahmet Zeki Okçuoglu into Turkish. Aydin was detained and arrested in Ulucanlar prison, Ankara. After his release he was elected the head of the Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feridun Yazar
Feridun Yazar (1944 – 12 June 2016) was the president of the political party HEP from 1991 to 1992. Yazar was born in Şanlıurfa and worked as an attorney. He was also involved in politics and was charged with being a member of the Revolutionary Cultural Eastern Hearths (DDKO). He was in prison until 1974 when he was granted an amnesty. He stayed in politics with the CHP. He was mayor of Şanlıurfa for the CHP in the years between 1977–80. He was dismissed as mayor after the military coup 1980 and arrested for two years. After his release he returned into politics with the SHP. He became provincial chair for Urfa in 1988 but resigned from the party due to the dismissals from fellow Kurdish MPs. He then became the President of the HEP. He later was sent again to prison for propagandizing against the indivisibility of the state in the year 1998. In the congress of the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) of October 2015, he was elected into the parties academic political advisor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Article 11 Of The European Convention On Human Rights
Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects the right to freedom of assembly and association, including the right to form trade unions, subject to certain restrictions that are "in accordance with law" and "necessary in a democratic society". Case law *'' Communist Party of Germany v. the Federal Republic of Germany'' (1957) – proscription of the Communist Party upheld as Article 17 prohibits using Convention rights to seek the abolition or restriction of the rights of others *'' Plattform "Ärzte für das Leben" v. Austria'' (1988) – neither police failure to ensure counter-protesters did not infiltrate and disrupt a protest, nor dispersal of protesters in order to allow another group to exercise its religion, breached article 11 *'' Vogt v Germany'' (1995) – on grounds of membership in a lawful party, applied to someone who was not shown to be a threat to constitutional order, was found to be a breach of Articles 10 and 11 *'' Wilson and Palmer v Unite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Court Of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The court hears applications alleging that a contracting state has breached one or more of the human rights enumerated in the convention or its optional protocols to which a member state is a party. The court is based in Strasbourg, France. The court was established in 1959 and decided its first case in 1960 in ''Lawless v. Ireland''. An application can be lodged by an individual, a group of individuals, or one or more of the other contracting states. Aside from judgments, the court can also issue advisory opinions. The convention was adopted within the context of the Council of Europe, and all of its member states of the Council of Europe, 46 member states are contracting parties to the convention. The court's primary means of judicial interpretation is the living instrument doctrine, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democracy Party (Turkey)
The Democracy Party (, DEP, Kurmanji: Partiya Demokrasiyê) was a pro- Kurdish political party in Turkey founded on the 7 May 1993. History Ahmet Türk, the former chairman of the People's Labor Party (HEP) and most of the former MPs of the HEP joined the party after its first party congress on the 27 June 1993. As the first party chair was elected Yaşar Kaya. The party decided to launch a peace campaign focused on the Turkish Kurdish conflict which would take place from the 2 August to the 1 September 1993. The campaign was prohibited by the Turkish authorities and the events that have been planned in Diyarbakır and Batman were canceled.Cigerli, Sabri; Saout, Didier Le (2005). p.190 And on the 17 September 1993 Kaya was arrested due to his participation at public event in Germany as well as the congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in Iraq. He was released on the 8 December of the same year and Kaya fled to Germany. On the 12 December 1993Cigerli, Sabri; Saout, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Court Of Turkey
The Constitutional Court of Turkey ( Turkish: ''Anayasa Mahkemesi'', sometimes abbreviated as ''AYM'') is the highest legal body for constitutional review in Turkey. It "examines the constitutionality, in respect of both form and substance, of laws, decrees having the force of law, and the Rules of Procedure of the Turkish Grand National Assembly" (Article 148/1 of the Turkish Constitution). If necessary, it also functions as the Supreme Criminal Court () to hear any cases raised about the President, Vice President, members of the Cabinet, or judges of the high courts. In addition to those functions, it examines individual applications on the grounds that one of the fundamental rights and freedoms within the scope of the European Convention on Human Rights which are guaranteed by the Constitution has been violated by public authorities (Article 148/3 of the Turkish Constitution). The Court is the seat of the Center for Training and Human Resources Development of the Association ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party Ceasefire
The Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire of 1993 was a short lived ceasefire declared by Abdullah Öcalan at a press conference he held together with Jalal Talabani ahead of Newroz on 17 March 1993. Background The Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) waged a guerrilla war against Turkey since 1984. Their demands initially included independence for a Kurdistan to be created out of the Kurdish areas in Turkey, but later transformed into a demand for more political and cultural freedom. In 1991, the Government of Turgut Özal ended the denial of the Kurdish identity by the Turkish government, a policy majorly implemented by the Turkish government since its first constitution in 1924. Following, Öcalan gave interviews to several newspapers based in Turkey and spoke of his willingness to reach a political solution in the conflict with Turkey. History At the press conference on 17 March with Jalal Talabani, the leader of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), three aspects of the cea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanon
Lebanon, officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. Situated at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian Peninsula, it is bordered by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west; Cyprus lies a short distance from the coastline. Lebanon has a population of more than five million and an area of . Beirut is the country's capital and largest city. Human habitation in Lebanon dates to 5000 BC. From 3200 to 539 BC, it was part of Phoenicia, a maritime civilization that spanned the Mediterranean Basin. In 64 BC, the region became part of the Roman Empire and the subsequent Byzantine Empire. After the seventh century, it Muslim conquest of the Levant, came under the rule of different Islamic caliphates, including the Rashidun Caliphate, Rashidun, Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid. The 11th century saw the establishment of Christian Crusader states, which fell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barelias
Bar Elias (Arabic: ; also transliterated Barelias, Barr Elias or Bar Ilyas) is a town located in the Zahlé District, Bekaa Governorate, Lebanon. With around 40,000 inhabitants, mostly Sunni Muslims, it is the second largest town, after Zahlé, in the Zahlé District. Bar Elias is a village of the Bekaa Valley, the center of Bekaa. It is known widely for its transit passes, as it is halfway between Beirut and Damascus. As the distance between the center of the northern Bekaa and the south became important because of its central valleys and on the international line of the most important economic centers and the largest commercial markets, Bar Elias has good neighborly relations with the rest of the towns and villages in the province. Easily accessible from all directions and in the center of the Bekaa Valley, Bar Elias is an open gate to all guests and visitors. Bar Elias is 900 m above sea level, at a distance of 51 km from Beirut via Damascus-Chtoura. It is spread over both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmet Türk
Ahmet Türk (born 2 July 1942, in Derik, Turkey, Derik, Mardin Province, Mardin, Turkey) is a Kurds in Turkey, Kurdish politician from the Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party (DEM Party). He has been a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for several terms and was elected thrice as the Mayor of Mardin. Political career He was elected MP for the Democratic Party (Turkey, 1970), Democratic Party (DP) representing Mardin Province, Mardin province in 1973. Later he resigned and joined the Republican People's Party (CHP) and was re-elected as a deputy representing Mardin. Following the military coup in 1980, he was removed from parliament, arrested and sent to Diyarbakır Prison, Diyarbakir Prison for 22 months. After his release, he was active in different left wing parties. In 1987, he was elected to parliament as a representative of Mardin Province, Mardin on behalf of the Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey), Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) but got expell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
