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Pauline Epistles
The Pauline epistles, also known as Epistles of Paul or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen books of the New Testament attributed to Paul the Apostle, although the authorship of some is in dispute. Among these epistles are some of the earliest extant Christian documents. They provide an insight into the beliefs and controversies of early Christianity. As part of the canon of the New Testament, they are foundational texts for both Christian theology and ethics. Most scholars believe that Paul actually wrote seven of the thirteen Pauline epistles ( Galatians, Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Philemon, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians), while three of the epistles in Paul's name are widely seen as pseudepigraphic ( 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus).New Testament Letter Structure fro < ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2 Thessalonians
The Second Epistle to the Thessalonians is a book from the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle, with Timothy as a co-author. The majority of biblical scholars came to conclude that 2 Thessalonians is a pseudonymous composition in the name of Paul "during the last quarter of the 20th century," although a "substantial minority of biblical scholars" continue to defend its traditional authorship. Those who reject its authenticity point to differences in style and theology between it and the First Epistle to the Thessalonians, which is undisputed. Scholars who support its authenticity view it as having been written around 51–52 AD, shortly after the First Epistle. Those who see it as a later composition assign a date of around 80–115 AD. The original text was written in Koine Greek. Composition The authenticity of this epistle is still in dispute. The majority of biblical scholars came to conclude that 2 Thessalonian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Testament
The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus, as well as events relating to Christianity in the 1st century, first-century Christianity. The New Testament's background, the first division of the Christian Bible, is called the Old Testament, which is based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible; together they are regarded as Sacred Scripture by Christians. The New Testament is a collection of 27 Christianity, Christian texts written in Koine Greek by various authors, forming the second major division of the Christian Bible. It includes four Gospel, gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, epistles attributed to Paul the Apostle, Paul and other authors, and the Book of Revelation. The Development of the New Testament canon, New Testament canon developed gradually over the first few centuries of Christianity through a complex process of debate, rejection of Heresy, heretical texts, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epistle To Titus
The Epistle to Titus is one of the three pastoral epistles (along with 1 Timothy and 2 Timothy) in the New Testament, historically attributed to Paul the Apostle. It is addressed to Saint Titus and describes the requirements and duties of presbyters/bishops. Harris, Stephen L., ''Understanding the Bible''. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. Text The epistle is divided into three chapters, 46 verses in total. Recipient Not mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles, Saint Titus was noted in Galatians (cf. Galatians 2:1, 3) where Paul wrote of journeying to Jerusalem with Barnabas, accompanied by Titus. He was then dispatched to Corinth, Greece, where he successfully reconciled the Christian community there with Paul, its founder. Titus was later left on the island of Crete to help organize the Church there, and later met back with the Apostle Paul in Nicopolis. He soon went to Dalmatia (now Croatia). According to Eusebius of Caesarea in the ''Ecclesiastical History'', he served as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 1424
Minuscule 1424 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 30 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts) is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on parchment. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the 9th or 10th century. It is a catena manuscript, with the main New Testament text in the middle and a commentary surrounding it. The commentary was added several centuries later, likely in the 12th century. Description The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book), containing the entire New Testament with only one gap (this being Matthew 1:23-2:16) on 337 parchment leaves (sized 28 by 18 cm). The books follow in this order: Gospels, Acts, Catholic epistles, Revelation of John, Pauline epistles. The text is written in one column per page, 29-33 lines per page. The tables of contents (known as / ''kephalaia'') are placed before each book, with the Eusebian Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 336
Minuscule 336 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 500 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century. Formerly it was labelled by 45a, 52p, and 16r. Description The codex contains the text of the New Testament (except Gospels) on 268 paper leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, in 22-25 lines per page. After Ephesians 3:7 written by other hand. It contains Prolegomena. The order of books: Catholic epistles, Book of Revelation, Pauline epistles, and Acts of the Apostles. It is carelessly written. Kurt Aland did not place the Greek text of the codex in any Category. History The manuscript once belonged to Giovanni Ciampini in Rome, then to Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach, consul in Frankfurt am Main. The manuscript was examined by Wettstein (in 1717), Bengel, Uffenbach. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1878. Formerly it was labelled by 45a, 52p, and 16r. In 1908 Gregory gave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 325
Minuscule 325 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 111 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. Formerly it was labelled by 30a, 36p, and 9r. It has marginalia. Description The codex contains the text of the New Testament (except Gospels) on 233 parchment leaves () with some lacunae. The text is written in one column per page, in 24 lines per page. It begins with text of Acts 15:19, but the text from Acts 15:19 to 2 John was supplied in the 13th century. It contains Prolegomena, tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each book, some numerals of the (''chapters'') are given at the margin, subscriptions at the end of each book, and numbers of . It has numerous notes. The order of books: Acts, 3 John, Jude, Jude, Apocalypse, and the Pauline epistles (as in 175, 336). Text The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 175
Minuscule 175 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 95 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", ''Walter de Gruyter'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 57. It has marginalia. Description The codex contains almost complete text of the New Testament on 247 parchment leaves (size ), with only one lacuna (Matthew 1:1-4:17). The text is written in one column per page, in 35–37 lines per page (size of text 16.9 by 10.5 cm), in brown ink. The Book of Revelation is placed between Acts of the Apostles and Catholic epistles (see Minuscule 627). The Pauline epistles follow Catholic epistles. It contains scholia to the Acts, some marginal corrections made by ''prima manu'' (e.g. Luke 24:13). The Pauline epistles have the Euthalian subscriptions. It has margin notes in unc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Testament Minuscule
A New Testament minuscule is a copy of a portion of the New Testament written in Greek minuscule, a small, cursive Greek language script (developed from Uncial script, Uncial). Most of the minuscules are still written on parchment. Paper was used since the 12th century. New Testament minuscules are distinct from: * List of New Testament papyri, New Testament papyri — written on papyrus and more ancient than minuscules; * List of New Testament uncials, New Testament uncials — written in uncial script (i.e. all capital letters) also more ancient than minuscules; and, * List of New Testament lectionaries, New Testament lectionaries — usually written minuscule (but some in uncial) letters and generally contemporary. Minuscules codices contain commentaries and other additional matter, like, Prolegomena to the four Gospels, the Epistula ad Carpianum, the treatise of Pseudo-Dorotheus on the ''Seventy disciples'' and twelve apostles (82, 93, 117, 459, 613), List of Lord's miracles ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Epistles
The catholic epistles (also called the general epistles) are seven epistles of the New Testament. Listed in order of their appearance in the New Testament, the catholic epistles are: Naming The use of the word ''catholic'' in the term catholic'' epistles' has been a convention going back to the fourth century. Untied to a particular denomination, it simply meant "general" at that time. Later, the word ''catholic'' would become part of the name of the Catholic Church. To avoid the assumption that these texts are therefore specific to the Catholic Church or Catholicism, alternative terms such as "general epistles" or "general missionary epistles" are used. In the historical context, the word ''catholic'' probably signified that the letters were addressed to the general church, and not to specific, separate congregations or persons, as with the Pauline epistles. However, 2 John and 3 John appear to contradict this view,Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "katho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acts Of The Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles (, ''Práxeis Apostólōn''; ) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of The gospel, its message to the Roman Empire. Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two-part work, Luke–Acts, by the same anonymous author. Traditionally, the author is believed to be Luke the Evangelist, a doctor who travelled with Paul the Apostle. It is usually dated to around 80–90 AD, although some scholars suggest 110–120 AD.Tyson, Joseph B., (April 2011)"When and Why Was the Acts of the Apostles Written?" in: The Bible and Interpretation: "...A growing number of scholars prefer a late date for the composition of Acts, i.e., c. 110–120 CE. Three factors support such a date. First, Acts seems to be unknown before the last half of the second century. Second, compelling arguments can be made that the author of Acts was acquainted with some materials written by Josephus, who completed his Antiquities of the J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diocese Of Rome
The Diocese of Rome (; ), also called the Vicariate of Rome, is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church under the direct jurisdiction of the pope, who is Bishop of Rome and hence the supreme pontiff and head of the worldwide Catholic Church. As the Holy See, the papacy is a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations, and it has civil jurisdiction over Vatican City (located geographically within the city of Rome). The Diocese of Rome is the metropolitan diocese of the Province of Rome, an ecclesiastical province in the Ecclesiastical Region of Lazio in Italy. According to Catholic tradition, the first bishop of Rome was Saint Peter during the first century. Historically, many Rome-born men – as well as others born elsewhere on the Italian peninsula – served as bishops of Rome. Since 1900, however, there has been only one Rome-born bishop of Rome, Pius XII (1939–1958). In addition, throughout history, non-Italians have served as bishops of Rome, beginning with the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Authorship Of The Epistle To The Hebrews
The Epistle to the Hebrews of the Christian Bible is one of the New Testament books whose canonicity was disputed. Traditionally, Paul the Apostle was thought to be the author. However, since the third century this has been questioned, and the consensus among most modern scholars is that the author is unknown. Ancient views The Epistle to the Hebrews was included in the collected writings of Paul from a very early date. For example, the late second-century or early third-century codex 𝔓46, a volume of Paul's general epistles, includes Hebrews immediately after Romans. While the assumption of Pauline authorship readily allowed its acceptance in the Eastern Church, doubts persisted in the West. Eusebius does not list ''Epistle to the Hebrews'' among the ''antilegomena'' or disputed books (though he included the unrelated Gospel of the Hebrews). He does record, however, that "some have rejected the Epistle to the Hebrews, saying that it is disputed by the church of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
