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Parliament Of Kazakhstan
The Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the bicameral legislature of Kazakhstan, consisting of the upper house, the Senate, and the lower house, the Mäjilis. Both chambers conduct legislative sessions at the Parliament House in the capital of Astana. The Mäjilis, the lower house, has 98 seats. Members are elected for five-year terms through a mixed-member majoritarian representation system. The Mäjilis plays a role in Kazakhstan’s legislative process, responsible for passing laws, approving the national budget, ratifying international treaties, and overseeing the executive branch. It also holds significant power in confirming key government appointments, such as the Prime Minister and cabinet members. The Senate, the upper house, consists of 50 deputies who are appointed either by local legislative bodies ('' mäslihats''), the President, or the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan for six-year terms. The Senate's responsibilities include reviewing and approving laws ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Senate Of Kazakhstan
The Senate of Kazakhstan (, ''Қазақстан Парламентінің Сенаты'', ) is the upper house of two chambers in Kazakhstan's legislature, known as the Parliament (''Parlamenti''). The Senate is composed of elected members: two from each region and two from three municipalities which are Almaty, Astana, and Shymkent. Deputies of the Senate are elected through indirect suffrage by secret ballot. Local legislative bodies ('' mäslihats'') elect senators, while half of the elected members are up for re-election every three years, ensuring continuous turnover while maintaining institutional stability. Additionally, ten members of the Senate are appointed by the president of Kazakhstan, ensuring that various national, cultural, and professional communities are adequately represented. The Senate serves as a check on the legislative process, with a key responsibility of reviewing and amending laws passed by the Mäjilis, the lower house of Parliament. It also pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Upper House
An upper house is one of two Legislative chamber, chambers of a bicameralism, bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameralism, unicameral. History While the Roman Senate, senate of the ancient roman kingdom 755 BC was the first assembly of aristocrats counseling the king, the first upper house of a bicameral legislature was the medieval House of Lords consisting of the archbishops, bishops, abbots and nobility, which emerged during the reign of King Edward III around 1341 when the Parliament clearly separated into two distinct Debating chamber, chambers, the House of Commons of England, House of Commons, consisting of the shire and borough representatives, and the House of Lords. 1808 Spain adopted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Zamanbek Nurkadilov
Zamanbek Qalabayuly Nurkadilov (, ''Zamanbek Qalabaiūly Nūrqadılov''; 15 January 1944 – 11 November 2005) was a Kazakh politician who served as the head of Almaty in Kazakhstan and Minister of Emergency Situations in the Nazarbayev administration. In March 2004, he began to criticize President Nursultan Nazarbayev. On 11 November 2005, three weeks before the 2005 presidential election, someone shot him twice in the chest and once in the head. The Government of Kazakhstan ruled his death a suicide, but ''Radio Free Europe'' alleges he was the victim of an assassination, which led many people to believe that Nazarbayev was responsible for the assassination.Kazakhstan's fallen opposition RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Lyudmila Filaretova
Ludmila, Ludmilla, Liudmila, Liudmyla, Lyudmila, or Lyudmyla (Cyrillic: Людмила, ''Lyudmila'') may refer to: People and fictional characters * Ludmila (given name) a Slavic female given name, including a list of people and fictional characters with the name * Ludmila (footballer) (born 1994), Brazilian footballer Ludmila da Silva * Ludmilla (singer), Brazilian singer and songwriter Ludmila Oliveira da Silva (born 1995) * Ludmila of Bohemia, 9th century saint of the Orthodox Church * Ludmila Belousova, Soviet figure skater and Olympian (1935—2017) * Ludmila Berlinskaya, Russian concert pianist and actress (born 1960) * Ludmilla Tourischeva, former Soviet gymnast and Olympian (born 1952) * Anna Ludmilla, American ballerina born Jean Marie Kaley (1903–1990) Places * Ludmilla, Northern Territory, Australia, a suburb of the city of Darwin * 675 Ludmilla 675 Ludmilla is a stony ( S-type) minor planet orbiting the Sun. It was named after Mikhail Glinka's opera '' Ruslan and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Almaty
Almaty, formerly Alma-Ata, is the List of most populous cities in Kazakhstan, largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population exceeding two million residents within its metropolitan area. Located in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau mountains in southern Kazakhstan, near the border with Kyrgyzstan, Almaty stands as a pivotal center of culture, commerce, finance and innovation. The city is nestled at an elevation of 700–900 metres (2,300–3,000 feet), with the Big Almaty (river), Big Almaty and Small Almaty (river), Small Almaty rivers running through it, originating from the surrounding mountains and flowing into the plains. Almaty is the second-largest city in Central Asia and the fourth-largest in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Almaty served as the capital of Kazakhstan from 1929 to 1997 during the Soviet era and after independence from 1991 until the capital was relocated to Astana, Akmola (now Astana) in 1997. Despite no longer being the capital, Almaty re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Serikbolsyn Abdildin
Serikbolsyn Abdildaevich Abdildin (, , ; 25 November 1937 – 31 December 2019) was a Kazakh economist, politician, First Secretary of the Communist Party from 1996 to 2010, member of the Mazhilis from 1999 to 2004 and a candidate in the 1999 presidential election. He is often described as the "patriarch" for the formation of parliamentarism and the first-drafted Kazakh Constitution in early years of independence. While proclaiming himself as a Communist, Abdildin was a vivid supporter for democracy and has called for reforms for a multi-party system with a rule of law. Äbdildin began his career as an agriculturist until becoming involved in politics from serving in Soviet state bodies in Kazakhstan to eventually becoming the head of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR where he was involved in the drafting of the new post-independent Constitution. After the dissolution of the legislature, he joined the opposition amidst President Nursultan Nazarbayev's increase of executiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Nursultan Nazarbayev
Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev (born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakhstani politician who served as the first president of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2019. He also held the special title of Elbasy from 2010 to 2022 and chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan, Security Council from 1991 to 2022. Nazarbayev’s political career began in the Soviet era, where he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1962 while working as a steel factory worker. Rising through the party ranks, he became Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, Prime Minister of the Kazakh SSR in 1984 and First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan (Soviet Union), Communist Party of Kazakhstan in 1989. In 1990 Kazakh presidential election, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Supreme Soviet elected him as the president of Kazakhstan. Nazarbayev played a key role in navigating Kazakhstan through the dissolution of the Soviet Union, leading to the country's independence in 1991. In th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Supreme Soviet Of The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
The Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR (; ), also known as the Supreme Council, was a supreme organ of republican power of Kazakhstan, then known as the Kazakh SSR, one of the republics comprising the Soviet Union. The Supreme Soviet was the only government branch in the republic and, under the principle of unified power, all organs were subservient to it. The Soviet had very little power and carried out orders given by the Communist Party of Kazakhstan (CPK). Chairman Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR The office Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet is the ''de facto'' head of state of the Kazakh SSR. * Abdisamet Kazakpaev (July 17, 1938 – January 1947) * Ivan Lukyanets (January 1947 – March 20, 1947) * Daniyal Kerimbaev (March 20, 1947 – January 23, 1954) * Nurtas Undasynov (January 23, 1954 – April 19, 1955) * Zhumabek Tashenev (April 19, 1955 – January 20, 1960) * Fazyl Karibzhanov (January 20, 1960 – August 25, 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Separation Of Powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state (polity), state power (usually Legislature#Legislation, law-making, adjudication, and Executive (government)#Function, execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinguishable and articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the ). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. History Antiquity Polybius (''Histories'', Book 6, 11–13) described the Roman Republic as a mixed government ruled by the Roman Senate, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Unicameralism
Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature consisting of one house or assembly that legislates and votes as one. Unicameralism has become an increasingly common type of legislature, making up nearly 60% of all national legislatures and an even greater share of subnational legislatures. Sometimes, as in New Zealand and Denmark, unicameralism comes about through the abolition of one of two bicameral chambers, or, as in Sweden, through the merger of the two chambers into a single one, while in others a second chamber has never existed from the beginning. Rationale for unicameralism and criticism The principal advantage of a unicameral system is more efficient lawmaking, as the legislative process is simpler and there is no possibility of gridlock (politics), deadlock between two chambers. Proponents of unicameralism have also argued that it reduces costs, even if the number of legislators stays the same, since there are fewer instituti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Assembly Of People Of Kazakhstan
The Assembly of People of Kazakhstan () is a national political body in Kazakhstan consisting of delegates of the Regional Assemblies of the People. Its task is to represent the various ethnic groups that make up the Central Asian state at national level and to strengthen ethnic/religious coexistence in Kazakh society. It was established in 1995 by President Nursultan Nazarbayev, who served as assembly chairman until April 2021. The assembly is presently chaired by Kazakhstan's president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. Organization The APK consists of 384 representatives of all ethnic groups living in Kazakhstan drawn from the Regional Assemblies of the People. The law provides that all APK decisions be considered by public authorities and civil society institutions; APK Deputies participate in the legislative process and can propose legislation. APK Deputies elected 9 members to the Mäjilis until 2023 and the APK reviews all parliamentary laws to ensure that they are in conformity wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mäslihat
A Mäslihat (, ) is a local representative body (parliament) in Kazakhstan that is elected by a population of a region, district and city. Etymology The word mäslihat is derived from the Arabic مَصْلَحَة ('' maṣlaḥa''), meaning "public interest". Functions The mäslihats operate at the level of regional and municipality, as well as at the local level such as city or a district. Regional Mäslihats approve and control the local budget, upon the proposal of the President, akim of the region is approved, regional development programs are considered and approved, revision commissions are formed to control the spending of budgetary funds, general developments and development plans are approved, etc. fourth of the total number of its members. By participating in the work of the mäslihats and its bodies, the MP's solve the most important issues of state, economic, social, cultural construction, adopt by-laws and other decisions, according to their competence, promote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
