Padri War
The Padri Wars (also called the Minangkabau War) was fought from 1803 until 1837 in West Sumatra, Indonesia between the Padri and the Adat. The Padri were Islam, Muslim clerics from Sumatra who wanted to impose Sharia in Minangkabau Highlands, Minangkabau in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The Adat comprised the Minangkabau nobility and traditional chiefs. They asked for the help of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, Dutch, who intervened in 1821 and helped the nobility defeat the Padri faction. Background It can be considered that the Padri Wars began in 1803, before Dutch intervention, and was a conflict that had broken out in Minangkabau country when the Padri started to suppress what they saw as un-Islamic customs, i.e., the ''adat''. But after the occupation of the Pagaruyung Kingdom by Tuanku Pasaman, one of the Padri leaders in 1815, on 21 February 1821, the Minangkabau people, Minangkabau nobility made a deal with the Dutch in Padang to help them fight the Padri. ''Adat'' ...
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Hubert Joseph Jean Lambert De Stuers
Hubert Joseph Jean Lambert ridder de Stuers (November 16, 1788 – April 13, 1861) was a Dutch general and commander of the East Indies Army. Life De Stuers was born in Roermond. He joined the French army as a volunteer and in 1817 he left for the Dutch East Indies with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1821 he was appointed commander of the Moluccas. In 1822 he commanded an expedition against Chinese in Borneo, in 1823 he invaded Bone in Sulawesi and from 1824 to 1829 he was military commander and resident of Padang and dependencies. From 1831 to 1838 De Stuers was a General and he commanded the Royal Dutch East Indies Army, after which he lived at Maastricht, where he died on April 13, 1861. Works *1850: ''De vestiging en uitbreiding der Nederlanders ter westkust van Sumatra.'' P. N. van Kampen. *1853: ''Aanmerkingen op het werk: Het Ned. O.I. leger ter westkust van Sumatra door den Lt.-kol. Lange'' (originally published in Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië, and then publi ...
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Tuanku Tambusai
Sheikh Haji Muhammad Saleh bin Imam Maulana Kadhi (Dalu-dalu, Kingdom of Tambusai, 5 November 1784 – Sungai Ujong (in present day Malaysia), 12 November 1882), better known as Tuanku Tambusai, was an Islamic leader in the Padri movement. He fought the Adat and Dutch colonists during the Padri Wars in 1838, along with his contemporaries, Tuanku Imam Bonjol and Tuanku Rao. Early life Muhammad Saleh was born in Dalu-dalu, a village in Tambusai (today part of Riau Province, Indonesia) on 5 November 1784. He was the son of an Islamic teacher from Rambah, Minang in western Sumatra, and a woman named Munah, who came from a village in Tambusai called Kandang Kopuh. Prior to his birth, his father was appointed chief imam by the King of Tambusai. During Muhammad Saleh's childhood, his father taught him martial arts and horseback riding. He also learned from Islamic scholars in Bonjol and Rao. He was also inspired by the understanding of salaf from the teaching of Muhammad ibn Ab ...
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Tuanku Rao
Tuanku Rao (1790-1833) was an Islamic cleric (ulama), leader and commander. He was known as a prominent ''padri'', a group of Islamic reformists who advocated for the puritanical approach in Islam inspired by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in the early 18th century West Sumatra. He also contributed to the proselytization of Islam among Batak people. He died during the Padri War in 1833. Biography Early life Rao was born to a Minangkabau family, hailed from Rao, Pasaman in West Sumatra. His father was from Tarung-Tarung, Rao, and his mother was from Padang Mantinggi, Rao. During his adolescence, Rao deepened the knowledge of Islam at the surau of the prominent ulama Tuanku Nan Tuo in Koto Tuo, Agam, and then proceeded to the surau in Bonjol. He completed the science of Islamic jurisprudence with the honorable title ''thayyib jiddan'' (very satisfying), awarded by Fakih Muhammad. Padri movement Rao was one of the strongest Padri warlords, vigorously fighting against the Dutch East Indies ...
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Tuanku Imam Bonjol
Tuanku Imam Bonjol (1772 – 6 November 1864), also known as Muhammad Syahab, Peto Syarif, and Malim Basa, was one of the most popular leaders of the Padri movement in Central Sumatra. He was declared a National Hero of Indonesia. Biography Tuanku Imam Bonjol was born in Bonjol, Pasaman, West Sumatra. His parents name were Bayanuddin (father) and Hamatun (mother). His father is a Minangkabau cleric who came from Sungai Rimbang, Suliki, Limapuluh Koto. His mother is a Moroccan from central maghreb who migrated to Bonjol with her brother. Syarif was immersed in Islamic studies as he grew up, studying first from his father and later under various other Muslim theologians. After founding the state of Bonjol, he became involved in the Adat-Padri controversy as a Padri leader. The Padri movement, which has been compared to the Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah (Sunni) school of Islam in the now Saudi Arabia, was an effort to return the Islam of the area to the purity of its roots b ...
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Hendrik Merkus Lange
Hendrik may refer to: People * Hendrik (given name) * Hans Hendrik (1832–1889), Greenlandic Arctic traveller and interpreter * Tony Hendrik (born 1945), German music producer and composer Others * Hendrik Island, an island in Greenland * Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, a municipality in the Netherlands * A character from ''Dragon Quest XI'' See also * Hendrich (other) * Hendrick (other) * Henrich Henrich is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include: Surname * Adam Henrich (born 1984), Canadian former ice hockey player * Allison Henrich (born 1980), American mathematician * Bernhard Henrich, set decorator * Bob ...

Leonardus Cornelis Du Bus
''Leonardus'' is an extinct mammal genus from the Late Cretaceous ( Late Santonian to Maastrichtian) of South America.''Leonardus''
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Franciscus Fredericus Prager
Franciscus is a Latin given name, originally an epithet meaning "the Frank, the Frenchman". It was applied to Saint Francis of Assisi (1181/82–1226). Francis had been baptized Giovanni (John); his father was Italian and his mother Provençale ( at the time not considered French); his father was on business in France when he was born, and when he returned to Assisi, he began to call his son by the nickname ''Francesco'', in the opinion of G. K. Chesterton possibly because out of a general enthusiasm for all things French, or because of his commercial success in France.Chesterton, Gilbert Keith (1924). "St. Francis of Assisi" (14 ed.). Garden City, New York: Image Books. p. 158. After the canonization of Saint Francis of Assisi in 1228, the custom of naming children after saints led to the popularization of ''Franciscus'' as a given name. In the vernaculars of western Europe, the name diversified into the forms Francesco (Italian), Francisco (Spanish and Portuguese), France ...
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Frans Laemlin
Frans is an Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish given name, sometimes as a short form of ''François'' or ''Franciscus''. One cognate of Frans in English is ''Francis''. Given name * Frans van Aarssens (1572–1641), Dutch diplomat and statesman * Frans Ackerman (1330–1387), Flemish statesman * Frans Adelaar (born 1960), Dutch football player and manager * Frans Alphons Maria Alting von Geusau (born 1933), Dutch legal scholar and diplomat * Frans Aerenhouts (1937–2022), Belgian cyclist * Frans Ananias (born 1972), Namibian footballer * Frans Andersson (1911–1988), Danish bass-baritone * Frans Andriessen (1929–2019), Dutch politician * Frans Anneessens (1660–1719), Flemish protest leader * Frans van Anraat (born 1942), Dutch businessman and convicted war criminal * Frans Badens (fl. 1571–1618), Flemish painter * Frans Bak (born 1958), Danish composer, choral conductor, saxophonist, and pianist * Frans Decker (1684–1751), 18th-cen ...
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Andreas Victor Michiels
Andreas Victor Michiels (Maastricht, Netherlands, 30 May 1797 – Kusamba, Bali 25 May 1849) was a military and administrative officer in the Dutch East Indies. Early life and military career Michiels entered military service at age 17 years, participated in the Battle of Waterloo, and in 1817 went to the island of Java, where he was directly involved in the conflict in Cirebon. On 29 August 1818 he was promoted to captain. He fought in the Java War as a colonel commandant. On 22 November 1828, King William I appointed Michiels a knight and officer in the Military William Order, one year before he was appointed as a major. In the years 1831 and 1832, he participated in the conquest of Narras and Kottiangan, in 1832, he led an expedition against the Jambi Sultanate; the month of May in that year he was appointed lieutenant-colonel and in November he was awarded a knighthood in the Order of the Netherlands Lion. He led the raid on Bonjol and under his leadership he was able to ...
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Johan Heinrich Conrad Bauer
Johan may refer to: * Johan (given name) * ''Johan'' (1921 film), a Swedish film directed by Mauritz Stiller * Johan (2005 film), a Dutch romantic comedy film * Johan (band), a Dutch pop-group ** ''Johan'' (album), a 1996 album by the group * Johan Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada * Jo-Han, a manufacturer of plastic scale model kits See also * John (name) John ( ) is a common male name in the English language ultimately of Biblical Hebrew, Hebrew origin. The English form is from Middle English ''Ioon'', ''Ihon'', ''Iohn, Jan'' (mid-12c.), itself from Old French ''Jan'', ''Jean'', ''Jehan'' (Moder ...