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Operation Upshot–Knothole
Operation Upshot–Knothole was a series of eleven nuclear test shots conducted in 1953 at the Nevada Test Site. It followed ''Operation Ivy'' and preceded ''Operation Castle''. Over 21,000 soldiers took part in the ground exercise Desert Rock V in conjunction with the ''Upshot-Knothole Grable'' shot. ''Grable'' was a 280mm Artillery Fired Atomic Projectile (AFAP) shell fired from the "M65 atomic cannon, Atomic Cannon" and was viewed by a number of high-ranking military officials. The test series was notable as containing the first time an AFAP shell was fired (''GRABLE'' Shot), the first two shots (both Fizzle (nuclear test), fizzles) by University of California Radiation Laboratory—Livermore (now Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), and for testing out some of the thermonuclear components that would be used for the massive thermonuclear series of Operation Castle. One primary device (RACER IV, RACER) was tested in thermonuclear system mockup assemblies of Mark 14 nucle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Operation Ivy
Operation Ivy was the eighth series of American nuclear tests, coming after '' Tumbler-Snapper'' and before '' Upshot–Knothole''. The two explosions were staged in late 1952 at Enewetak Atoll in the Pacific Proving Ground in the Marshall Islands. Background The Operation Ivy test series was the first to involve a hydrogen bomb rather than an atomic bomb, further to the order of President Harry S. Truman made on January 31, 1950, that the US should continue research into all forms of nuclear weapons. The bombs were prepared by the US Atomic Energy Commission and Defense Department aboard naval vessels, and were capable of being detonated remotely from the control ship Estes. Tests Mike The first ''Ivy'' shot, codenamed '' Mike'', was the first successful full-scale test of a multi-megaton thermonuclear weapon ("hydrogen bomb") using the Teller-Ulam design. Unlike later thermonuclear weapons, ''Mike'' used deuterium as its fusion fuel, maintained as a liquid by an ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
