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Ngura Languages
Ngura is a disputed and possibly spurious ethnic and language designation of central Australia. The name 'Nura', short for Ngurawarla, means 'empty camp', referring to lands abandoned after a massacre. It is not a language or ethnic designation. Of the various language varieties that have gone by this name, all of which are extinct, Bowern (2001) classifies the Wilson River language of the 'modern' Galali/Garlali and Wangkumara-plus-Bundhamara/Punthamara (also known as or closely related to Ngandangara/Yarumarra) peoples as an Eastern Karnic language, while the Bulloo River language of the 'old' Garlali and Wangkumara remains an unclassified Karna–Mari 'fringe' language. Bidjara or less ambiguously 'Bitharra' (not to be confused with the Bidjara language of the Maric languages) may be another variety of Bulloo River, but there is not enough data to be sure. Bowern believes that Badjiri was probably a Maric language. Bowern (2001) said the data is too sketchy to be sure, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New South Wales
) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_date = Colony of New South Wales , established_title2 = Establishment , established_date2 = 26 January 1788 , established_title3 = Responsible government , established_date3 = 6 June 1856 , established_title4 = Federation of Australia, Federation , established_date4 = 1 January 1901 , named_for = Wales , demonym = , capital = Sydney , largest_city = capital , coordinates = , admin_center = Local government areas of New South Wales, 128 local government areas , admin_center_type = Administration , leader_title1 = Monarchy of Australia, Monarch , leader_name1 = Charles III , leader_title2 = Governor of New South Wales, Governor , leader_name2 = Margaret Beazley , leader_title3 = Premier of New South Wales, Premie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pama–Nyungan Languages
The Pama–Nyungan languages are the most widespread family of Australian Aboriginal languages, containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia. The name "Pama–Nyungan" is a merism: it derived from the two end-points of the range: the Pama languages of northeast Australia (where the word for "man" is ) and the Nyungan languages of southwest Australia (where the word for "man" is ). The other language families indigenous to the continent of Australia are occasionally referred to, by exclusion, as non-Pama–Nyungan languages, though this is not a taxonomic term. The Pama–Nyungan family accounts for most of the geographic spread, most of the Aboriginal population, and the greatest number of languages. Most of the Pama–Nyungan languages are spoken by small ethnic groups of hundreds of speakers or fewer. The vast majority of languages, either due to disease or elimination of their speakers, have become extinct, and almost all remaining ones are endangered in som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maric Language
Maran or Maric is an extinct branch of the Pama–Nyungan family of Australian languages formerly spoken throughout much of Queensland by many of the Murri peoples. The well attested Maric languages are clearly related; however, many languages of the area became extinct before much could be documented of them, and their classification is uncertain. The clear Maric languages are: : Bidyara (numerous varieties) : Biri (several varieties) : Warrungu (& Gugu-Badhun, Gudjal) :( Kingkel?): Darumbal Dharumbal was added by Bowern (2011); it had been classified in the Kingkel branch of Waka–Kabic. It is not clear if the other Kingkel language, Bayali, is also Maric; Bayali and Darumbal are not close. Unclassified languages Ngaro and Giya (Bumbarra), spoken on the coast, may also have been Maric, the latter perhaps a dialect of Biri. Of the interior, to the west, Breen (2007) writes of "Karna–Mari fringe" languages which are "a discontinuous group of languages, mostly poorly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bidjara Language
Bidjara, also spelt Bidyara or Pitjara, is an Australian Aboriginal language. In 1980, it was spoken by twenty elders in Queensland between the towns of Tambo and Augathella, or the Warrego and Langlo Rivers. There are many dialects of the language, including Gayiri and Gunggari. Some of them are being revitalised and is being taught in local schools in the region. Dialects The Bidjara language included numerous dialects, of which Bidjara proper was the last to go extinct. One of these was Gunya (Kunja), spoken over 31,200 km2 (12,188 sq mi), from the Warrego River near Cunnamulla north to Augathella and Burenda Station; west to between Cooladdi and Cheepie; east to Morven and Angellala Creek; at Charle-ville. Fred McKellar was the last known speaker. Yagalingu is poorly attested but may have been a dialect of Bidjara. Natalie Kwok prepared a report on Gunggari for the National Native Title Tribunal in Australia. In it she says: :Language served as an important ide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badjiri Language
Badjiri is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language once spoken by the Badjiri people of southern Queensland. Bowern suspects it's a Maric language. Bowern (2001) said the data was too sketchy to be sure, but Bowern (2011) assigned it to Maric without comment. References *Dixon, R. M. W. 2002. ''Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development.'' Cambridge University Press *{{cite book, author=Bowern, Claire , year=2001 , url=https://yale.academia.edu/ClaireBowern/Papers/1002425/Karnic_classification_revisited , chapter=Karnic classification revisited , editor=J Simpson , title=Forty years on , pages=245–260 , publisher=Canberra Pacific Linguistics , archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103181833/http://yale.academia.edu/ClaireBowern/Papers/1002425/Karnic_classification_revisited , archivedate=2021-11-03 , display-editors=etal , url-status=dead External links Bibliography of Badjiri language and people resources at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Tor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilson River Language
The Wilson River language, also known as "Modern" Wankumara (Wangkumara/ Wanggumara), is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Karnic family. It was spoken by several peoples along the Wilson River in Queensland. Of these, the Wanggumara (Wangkumara) and Galali may have migrated from the Bulloo River and abandoned their language when they arrived. (See Bulloo River language.) Speakers In 1981, the language was still spoken by four members of the Wangkumara community around Cooper Creek, the Thomson River, and the Warry Warry Creek, the town of Eromanga and the Nuccundra. It appears to have gone extinct by 2005. Varieties Dixon (2002) considers Punthamara to be a dialect of Wangkumara, Bowern (2001) as very close. Bowern says that Ngandangara also appears to have been "very close", although data is too poor for a proper classification. Karenggapa is either a dialect or an alternative name. (McDonald & Wurm 1979) note that Wilson River Galali, what they call "Waŋkum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulloo River Language
Kalali, also written Kullili, Galali, Garlali, Kullilla and other variants, is a poorly attested Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of several geographically transitional "Karna– Mari fringe" languages that have not been convincingly classified, and is best considered an isolate branch within the Pama–Nyungan family. Gavan Breen provisionally includes Minkabari and the Ngura dialect Pitjara/Bidjara/Bitharra, which together have been called the Bulloo River language. Breen is partly responsible for the variation in the spelling of the name 'Kalali'. The forms ''Garlali'' and ''Galarli'' are due to what he now considers a non-distinctive instance of retroflex ''rl'', and he prefers the spelling ''Kalali''. People and language Both the Kalali and the Wanggumara people apparently lived by the Bulloo River and the Wilson River in South West Queensland. There is some debate whether they originated by the Bulloo River and migrated to the Wilson River or vice versa. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maric Languages
Maran or Maric is an extinct branch of the Pama–Nyungan family of Australian languages formerly spoken throughout much of Queensland by many of the Murri peoples. The well attested Maric languages are clearly related; however, many languages of the area became extinct before much could be documented of them, and their classification is uncertain. The clear Maric languages are: : Bidyara (numerous varieties) : Biri (several varieties) : Warrungu (& Gugu-Badhun, Gudjal) :( Kingkel?): Darumbal Dharumbal was added by Bowern (2011); it had been classified in the Kingkel branch of Waka–Kabic. It is not clear if the other Kingkel language, Bayali, is also Maric; Bayali and Darumbal are not close. Unclassified languages Ngaro and Giya (Bumbarra), spoken on the coast, may also have been Maric, the latter perhaps a dialect of Biri. Of the interior, to the west, Breen (2007) writes of "Karna–Mari fringe" languages which are "a discontinuous group of languages, mostly poorly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karnic Languages
The Karnic languages are a group of languages of the Pama–Nyungan family. According to Dixon (2002), these are three separate families, but Bowern (2001) establishes regular paradigmatic connections among many of the languages, demonstrating them as a genealogical group. Bowern classifies them as follows: *Arabana ( Wangganguru) (Western Karnic; orig. part of Palku) *(node) **Palku (Northern Karnic): Pitta Pitta, Wangka-Yutjurru (Wanggamala) **(node) ***Karna (Central Karnic) **** Yandruwandha ( Yawarawarga) **** Mithaka (in the north); Diyari, Yarluyandi–Ngamini The Ngameni are an indigenous Australian people of South Australia who once spoke the Ngameni language. Country According to Norman Tindale's estimation, the Ngameni held of tribal territory, along the southern edge of Goyder Lagoon, and on the ... ***Eastern Karnic: Wilson River language (Wangkumara, Bundhamara (Punthamara), Ngandangara/Yarumarra, etc.) Unclassified languages Other languages of the area m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngurawola
The Ngurawola were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland. Country According to Norman Tindale, the Ngurawola's tribal lands covered some , centered around Arrabury and the Durham Downs. Their southern boundaries lay around Lake Marrakoonamooka, while their western limits were near the Coongie Lakes The Coongie Lakes is a freshwater wetland system located in the Far North region of South Australia. The lakes system is located approximately north of the Adelaide city centre. The wetlands includes lakes, channels, billabongs, shallow flood .... Alternative name * ''Ngandanina.''(?) Notes Citations Sources * {{authority control Aboriginal peoples of Queensland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queensland
) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_date = Colony of Queensland , established_title2 = Separation from New South Wales , established_date2 = 6 June 1859 , established_title3 = Federation , established_date3 = 1 January 1901 , named_for = Queen Victoria , demonym = , capital = Brisbane , largest_city = capital , coordinates = , admin_center_type = Administration , admin_center = 77 local government areas , leader_title1 = Monarch , leader_name1 = Charles III , leader_title2 = Governor , leader_name2 = Jeannette Young , leader_title3 = Premier , leader_name3 = Annastacia Palaszczuk ( ALP) , legislature = Parliament of Queensland , judiciary = Supreme Court of Queensland , national_representation = Parliament of Australia , national_representation_t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karendala
The Kunandaburi or Karendala (Garandala) were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland. Country In Norman Tindale's estimation the Karendala had tribal lands of some . These covered areas like Cooper Creek The Cooper Creek (formerly Cooper's Creek) is a river in the Australian states of Queensland and South Australia. It was the site of the death of the explorers Burke and Wills in 1861. It is sometimes known as the Barcoo River from one of its t ..., and Durham Downs, and their northern limits lay around Mount Howitt. Their eastern frontier was at Plevna Downs, the McGregor Range, and in the vicinity of Eromanga. Alternative names * ? ''Kurnanda-buri'' * ''Kunanda-buri'' Notes Citations Sources * * * * {{authority control Aboriginal peoples of Queensland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
