|
Nesiota Elliptica
The Saint Helena olive (''Nesiota elliptica'') is an extinct species of flowering plant. It is the only member of the genus ''Nesiota.'' It was endemic to the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean. Despite its name, it is unrelated to the true olive ('' Olea europaea''), but is instead a member of the family Rhamnaceae, the family which contains buckthorns and jujube. The last remaining tree in the wild died in 1994, and the last remaining individual in cultivation died in December 2003, despite conservation efforts. It is thus a prime example of recent plant extinction. The Saint Helena olive belongs to the tribe Phyliceae, which are mostly endemic to Southern Africa. Description The Saint Helena Olive was native to the cloud forest found in the upland areas of the island above 750 metres, with many historical records around Diana's Peak (the highest point on the island). It grew as a small, low growing spreading tree with prolific branching. The bark was dar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Roxburgh
William Roxburgh FRSE FRCPE Linnean Society of London, FLS (3/29 June 1751 – 18 February 1815) was a Scottish people, Scottish surgeon and botanist who worked extensively in India, describing species and working on economic botany. He is known as the founding father of Indian botany. He published numerous works on Indian botany, illustrated by careful drawings made by Indian artists and accompanied by taxonomic descriptions of many plant species. Apart from the numerous species that he named, many species were named in his honour by his collaborators. Early life He was born on 3 June 1751 on the Underwood estate near Craigie, South Ayrshire, Craigie in Ayrshire and christened on 29 June 1751 at the nearby church at Symington, South Ayrshire, Symington. His father may have worked in the Underwood estate or he may have been the illegitimate son of a well-connected family. His early education was at Underwood parish school perhaps also with some time at Symington parish school, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-incompatibility
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a general name for several genetic mechanisms that prevent self-fertilization in sexually reproducing organisms, and thus encourage outcrossing and allogamy. It is contrasted with separation of sexes among individuals (dioecy), and their various modes of spatial (herkogamy) and temporally (dichogamy) separation. SI is best-studied and particularly common in flowering plants, although it is present in other groups, including sea squirts and fungi. In plants with SI, when a pollen grain produced in a plant reaches a stigma of the same plant or another plant with a matching allele or genotype, the process of pollen germination, pollen-tube growth, ovule fertilization, or embryo development is inhibited, and consequently no seeds are produced. SI is one of the most important means of preventing inbreeding and promoting the generation of new genotypes in plants and it is considered one of the causes of the spread and success of angiosperms on Earth. Mechan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flora Of St Helena
The flora of Saint Helena, an isolated island in the South Atlantic Ocean, is exceptional in its high level of endemism and the severe threats facing the survival of the flora. In phytogeography, it is in the phytochorion St. Helena and Ascension Region of the African Subkingdom, in the Paleotropical Kingdom. Endemic and introduced flora The endemic plants of Saint Helena include many notable Cabbage Tree or, "insular arborescent Asteraceae", members of the daisy family which have evolved a shrubby or tree-like habit on islands. Other notable endemics include the closely related St Helena redwood ('' Trochetiopsis erythroxylon'') and St Helena dwarf ebony ('' Trochetiopsis ebenus''). These are unrelated to the redwood trees of California or to the ebony trees of commerce, being instead in the Mallow family (Malvaceae). Vegetation Today there are three major vegetation zones: the tree-fern thicket of the highest parts of the central ridge; the pastures of middle elevations and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichocephalus
''Trichocephalus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rhamnaceae. Its native range is South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the .... References Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae genera Taxa named by Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart {{rhamnaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylica
''Phylica'' is a genus of plants in the family Rhamnaceae. It contains about 150 species, the majority of which are restricted to South Africa, where they form part of the '. A few species occur in other parts of southern Africa, and on islands including Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, Île Amsterdam, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha, and Gough Island. The oldest fossils of the genus are of ''Phylica piloburmensis'' from the Burmese amber of Myanmar, dating to around 99 million years ago during the mid-Cretaceous. Species Species in the genus ''Phylica'' include: *'' Phylica abietina'' Eckl. & Zeyh. *'' Phylica acmaephylla'' Eckl. & Zeyh. *'' Phylica aemula'' Schltr. *''Phylica affinis'' Sond. *''Phylica agathosmoides'' Pillans *'' Phylica alba'' Pillans *'' Phylica alpina'' Eckl. & Zeyh. *'' Phylica alticola'' Pillans *'' Phylica altigena'' Schltr. *'' Phylica ambigua'' Sond. *'' Phylica amoena'' Pillans *'' Phylica ampliata'' Pillans *'' Phylica anomala'' Pillans *'' Phyli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noltea
''Noltea'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants. The single species, ''Noltea africana'' (commonly known as the soap bush or soap dogwood), is a small, bushy tree of about 4 metres that is endemic to the southern Cape of South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the ..., where it grows beside rivers and in pockets of afro-montane forest. It has small, white, mildly fragrant flowers and when it grows larger it assumes a willow shape, with slightly weeping branches. The leaves are long and serrated and the young growth is purple in colour. The foliage of the "soap bush" can be used to produce a soapy lather for cleaning, and this tree also conveniently tends to grow near lakes and rivers.Johnson, D. and S. Johnson. (2002). Down to Earth: Gardening with Indigenous T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fynbos
Fynbos (; meaning fine plants) is a small belt of natural shrubland or heathland vegetation located in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. This area is predominantly coastal and mountainous, with a Mediterranean climate and rainy winters. The fynbos ecoregion is within the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome. In fields related to biogeography, fynbos is known for its exceptional degree of biodiversity and endemism, consisting of about 80% (8,500 fynbos) species of the Cape floral kingdom, where nearly 6,000 of them are endemic. This land continues to face severe human-caused threats, but due to the many economic uses of the fynbos, conservation efforts are being made to help restore it. Overview and history The word fynbos is often confusingly said to mean "fine bush" in Afrikaans, as "bos" means "bush". Typical fynbos foliage is ericoid rather than fine. The term, in its pre-Afrikaans, Dutch form, ''fynbosch'', was recorded by Nob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank above genus, but below family and subfamily. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes. By convention, all taxonomic ranks from genus upwards are capitalized, including both tribe and subtribe. In zoology, the standard ending for the name of a zoological tribe is "-ini". Examples include the tribes Caprini (goat-antelopes), Hominini (hominins), Bombini (bumblebees), and Thunnini (tunas). The tribe Hominini is divided into subtribes by some scientists; subtribe Hominina then comprises "humans". The standard ending for the name of a zoological subtribe is "-ina". In botany, the standard ending for the name of a botanical tribe is "-eae". Examples include the tribes Acalypheae and Hyacintheae. The tribe Hyacintheae is divided into subtribes, including the subtribe Massoniinae. The standard ending for the name of a botanical subtribe is "-inae". In bacteriology, the form of tribe names is as in botany, e.g., Pseudomonadeae, based on the ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct In The Wild
A species that is extinct in the wild (EW) is one that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as known only by living members kept in captivity or as a naturalized population outside its historic range due to massive habitat loss. Examples Examples of species and subspecies that are extinct in the wild include: *Alagoas curassow (last unconfirmed sighting reported in the late 1980s, listed extinct in the wild since 1994) *Beloribitsa * Cachorrito de charco palmal (last seen in 1994, listed extinct in the wild since 1996) * Christmas Island blue-tailed skink (listed extinct in the wild since 2014) *Dabry's sturgeon (listed extinct in the wild since 2022) * Escarpment cycad (listed extinct in the wild since 2006) *Franklinia (last seen in 1803, listed extinct in the wild since 1998) *Golden skiffia (listed extinct in the wild since 1996) *Guam kingfisher (listed extinct in the wild since 1986) *Hawaiian crow or ʻalalā (last seen in 2002, li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trochetiopsis Erythroxylon
''Trochetiopsis erythroxylon'', the Saint Helena redwood, is a species of plant, now extinct in the wild. It was formerly abundant enough in the upland parts of the island of Saint Helena for early settlers in the 17th century to use the timber to make their homes. It became extinct in the 1950's due to deforestation as its habitat was cleared to make way for pasture, timber and fuel. The St. Helena Redwood was used as an early example of ex situ conservation when the governor of St. Helena obtained a couple seedlings and planted them in his garden. It now exists in cultivation, although cultivated stock is weak. This species has pendant flowers, petals that turn pink with age, and white staminodes. Saint Helena redwood is completely unrelated to the redwood tree of California and other trees called redwood. It is, however, in the same genus as the Saint Helena ebony ('' Trochetiopsis ebenus'') and a hybrid between them (''Trochetiopsis × benjamini'') is now often planted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lachanodes Arborea
''Lachanodes arborea'', the she cabbage tree, is a small tree in the family Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w .... It is an endangered endemic of the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is now extinct in the wild. See also * Flora of St Helena * He cabbage tree References Other sources * Cronk, Q.C.B. (1995) The endemic Flora of St Helena. Anthony Nelson Ltd., Oswestry. External links Senecioneae Flora of Saint Helena Critically endangered plants {{Senecioneae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliotropium Pannifolium
''Heliotropium pannifolium'', the Saint Helena heliotrope, is now extinct but was formerly a hairy-leaved small shrub up to 1 m in height. it was only seen once, by the explorer W. Burchell in Broad Gut, Saint Helena (ca. 1808) and has never been seen again. Human impact on the island of Saint Helena was severe and the Saint Helena heliotrope is one of several extinct plants from that island (see List of extinct plants). See also * Flora of Saint Helena The flora of Saint Helena, an isolated island in the South Atlantic Ocean, is exceptional in its high level of endemism and the severe threats facing the survival of the flora. In phytogeography, it is in the phytochorion St. Helena and Ascension R ... References * Cronk, Q.C.B. (1995) The endemic Flora of St Helena. Anthony Nelson Ltd, Oswestry. External links UNEP-WCMC Species Database pannifolium Flora of Saint Helena Extinct plants Extinct biota of Africa Plant extinctions since 1500 Plants described in 1884 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
