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Nina Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess Of Hamilton
Nina Mary Benita Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton (née Nina Mary Benita Poore; 13 May 1878 – 12 January 1951) was a British peeress and animal welfare activist. She campaigned for humane slaughter. Early life Douglas-Hamilton was born on 13 May 1878 in Nether Wallop, Hampshire. She was the youngest daughter of Major Robert Poore and Juliana Benita Lowry-Corry; her mother was a daughter of Rear Admiral Armar Lowry Corry. Personal life Three years after her brother, Major Robert Poore, married Flora Douglas-Hamilton, on 4 December 1901 Nina married Flora's brother Alfred Douglas-Hamilton, 13th Duke of Hamilton, at the parish church of Newton Tony, Wiltshire, not far from her parents' home at Winterslow. Together, they were the parents of four sons and three daughters: * Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton * Lady Jean Douglas-Hamilton * George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk * Lady Margaret Douglas-Hamilton * Malcolm Avendale Douglas-Hamilton, Lord Malco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Her Grace
His Grace and Her Grace are English Style (manner of address), styles of address used with high-ranking personages, and was the style for English monarchs until Henry VIII (r. 1509–1547), and for Scottish monarchs until the Act of Union (1707), Act of Union of 1707, which Union of the Crowns, united the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England. In Great Britain and Ireland, it is also the style of address for archbishops, dukes, and duchesses; e.g. His Grace the Duke of Norfolk and His Grace the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. The correct style is “Your Grace” in spoken and written form; as a stylistic descriptor for Dukes in the United Kingdom, British dukes, it is an abbreviation of the full, formal style: “The Most High, Noble and Potent Prince His Grace”. However, a Royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom, royal duke, such as Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, is addressed as Your Royal Highness. Ecclesiastical usage Christianity The style "His Grace" and "Your Grace" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Mairi Nina Douglas-Hamilton
''Lady'' is a term for a woman who behaves in a polite way. Once used to describe only women of a high social class or status, the female counterpart of lord, now it may refer to any adult woman, as gentleman can be used for men. "Lady" is also a formal title in the United Kingdom. "Lady" is used before the family name or peerage of a woman with a title of nobility or honorary title ''suo jure'' (in her own right), such as female members of the Order of the Garter and Order of the Thistle, or the wife of a lord, a baronet, Scottish feudal baron, laird, or a knight, and also before the first name of the daughter of a duke, marquess, or earl. Etymology The word comes from Old English '; the first part of the word is a mutated form of ', "loaf, bread", also seen in the corresponding ', "lord". The second part is usually taken to be from the root ''dig-'', "to knead", seen also in dough; the sense development from bread-kneader, or bread-maker, or bread-shaper, to the ordinary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of Justice To Animals
The Humane Slaughter Association (HSA) supports research, training, and development to improve the welfare of livestock during transport and slaughter. It provides technical information about handling and slaughter on its website, training for farmer staff and vets, advice to governments and industry, and funding of science and technology to make slaughter more humane. HSA is the sister charity to Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. History The Council of Justice to Animals (CJA) was founded at a meeting held on 17 January 1911 to improve humane methods for the slaughter of livestock and address the killing of unwanted pets."HSA Centenary 2011" Humane Slaughter Association. The original founders were Netta Ivory, and |
Letchworth
Letchworth Garden City, commonly known as Letchworth, is a town in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It is noted for being the first garden city. The population at the time of the 2021 census was 33,990. Letchworth was an ancient parish, appearing in the Domesday Book of 1086. It remained a small rural village until the start of the twentieth century. The development of the modern town began in 1903, when much of the land in Letchworth and the neighbouring parishes of Willian and Norton was purchased by a company called First Garden City Limited, founded by Ebenezer Howard and his supporters with the aim of building the first "garden city", following the principles Howard had set out in his 1898 book, ''To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform''. Their aim was to create a new type of settlement which provided jobs, services, and good housing for residents, whilst retaining the environmental quality of the countryside, in contrast to most industr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poleaxe
The poleaxe (also poleax, pollaxe and other similar spellings) is a European polearm that was used by medieval infantry. Etymology Most etymological authorities consider the ''poll''- prefix historically unrelated to "pole", instead meaning "head". However, some etymologists, including Eric Partridge, believe that the word is derived from "pole". The construction of the poleaxe The poleaxe design arose from the need to breach the plate armour of men at arms during the 14th and 15th centuries. Generally, the form consisted of a wooden haft some long, mounted with a steel head. It seems most schools of combat suggested a haft length comparable to the height of the wielder, but in some cases hafts appear to have been created up to in length. The design of the head varied greatly with a variety of interchangeable parts and rivets. Generally, the head bore an axe head or hammer head mounted on ash or other hard-wood shafts from 4–6 ft in length, with a spike, hamm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Pet Massacre
The British pet massacre was an event in 1939 in which an estimated 750,000 cats and dogs, a quarter of England's pet population, were euthanized due to an aside in a pamphlet noting it as an option for people unable to take their pets with them when evacuating. The incident was recognized as unnecessary almost immediately after it occurred, stemming from social panic over the impending war, social conflicts on the role of pets, and the "black boredom" of people seeking a way to feel like they were contributing to the war effort, rather than any sort of actual necessity. Background During World War I, abandoned feral pets in London had become a major issue. In 1939, the British government, seeking to avoid a repeat of this, formed the National Air Raid Precautions Animals Committee (NARPAC) to decide what to do with pets before the war broke out. The committee was worried that when people evacuated, they might leave their pets behind. In response to that fear, NARPAC published a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferne House
Ferne House is a country house in the parish of Donhead St Andrew in Wiltshire, England, owned by Viscount Rothermere. There has been a settlement on the site since 1225 AD. The current house, known as Ferne Park and the third to occupy the site, was designed by the 2005 Driehaus Prize winner Quinlan Terry in 2001. The estate grounds straddle Donhead St Andrew and Berwick St John parishes. Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age artefacts were found in the vicinity of the house during 1988 archaeological fieldwork. First house The first Ferne House was the manor house of the de Ferne family: Philip de Ferne is recorded to have lived there in 1225. From the Ferne family, in 1450 it passed to the Brockway family, and in 1561 to William Grove of Shaftesbury. By 1809 the house had become so dilapidated that it was demolished. The 18th-century gatepiers to the park remain; they are Grade II listed structures. Second house The second Ferne House was built by Thomas Grove, "on an en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferne Animal Sanctuary
Ferne Animal Sanctuary was founded in Dorset, England by Nina Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton at the beginning of the Second World War. Since 1975 it has been sited near Wambrook, Somerset. Beginning The Duchess was a noted anti-vivisectionist, and was horrified at the British Pet Holocaust. The intention behind the sanctuary was to provide a temporary refuge for animals belonging to service men and women who had left their homes to fight, or which were likely to be abandoned or euthanased. The Duchess had a statement broadcast on the BBC: "Homes in the country urgently required for those dogs and cats which must otherwise be left behind to starve to death or be shot." The Duchess established an animal sanctuary at her home, the Ferne Estate in Dorset in 1940. The "sanctuary" was a heated aerodrome (sic) in Ferne. Staff were sent out to rescue pets from the East End of London. Many hundreds of animals were taken back initially to her home in St John's Wood. She apologi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advocates For Animals
OneKind is a campaigning animal welfare Animal welfare is the quality of life and overall well-being of animals. Formal standards of animal welfare vary between contexts, but are debated mostly by animal welfare groups, legislators, and academics. Animal welfare science uses measures ... charity based in Edinburgh and operating in Scotland, UK, and as part of the Eurogroup for Animals. OneKind exists to end cruelty to all animals and improve their lives. Background The organisation was founded as the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Vivisection, in 1911 by Netta and Elizabeth Ivory. It continues to work towards an end to animal experimentation but in the 1950s expanded to include protection of all types of animal. It was renamed Advocates for Animals in 1990, as part of a rebranding campaign that included a new logo, but officially became known as OneKind in 2010. The group is currently run by Director Bob Elliot. Wild animal welfare In 2011, OneKind set up the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lizzy Lind Af Hageby
Emilie Augusta Louise "Lizzy" Lind af Hageby (20 September 1878 – 26 December 1963) was a Swedish-British feminist and animal rights advocate who became a prominent anti-vivisection activist in England in the early 20th century. Born to a distinguished Swedish family, Lind af Hageby and Leisa Katherine Schartau (another Swedish activist) enrolled at the London School of Medicine for Women in 1902 to advance their anti-vivisectionist education. The women attended vivisections at University College London, and in 1903 published their diary, ''The Shambles of Science: Extracts from the Diary of Two Students of Physiology'', which accused researchers of having vivisected a dog without adequate anaesthesia. The ensuing scandal, known as the Brown Dog affair, included a libel trial, damages for one of the researchers, and rioting in London by medical students. Coral Lansbury, ''The Old Brown Dog: Women, Workers, and Vivisection in Edwardian England'', University of Wisconsin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
