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National Institute Of Aeronautics And Space
The National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (, LAPAN) was the Indonesian government's space agency. It was established on 27 November 1963, by former Indonesian president Sukarno, after one year's existence of a previous, informal space agency organization. LAPAN is responsible for long-term civilian and military aerospace research. For over two decades, LAPAN managed satellites, including the domain-developed small scientific-technology satellite LAPAN-TUBsat and the Palapa series of telecommunication satellites, which were built by Hughes (now Boeing Satellite Systems) and launched from the US on Delta rockets, or from French Guiana using Ariane 4 and Ariane 5 rockets. LAPAN has also developed sounding rockets and has been trying to develop small orbital space launchers. The LAPAN A1, in 2007, and LAPAN A2, in 2015, satellites were launched by India. With the enactment of Presidential Decree No. 33/2021 on 5 May 2021, LAPAN is due to be disbanded along with gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Rawamangun
Pulo Gadung is a Districts of Indonesia, district (''kecamatan'') of East Jakarta, Indonesia. Boundaries and position Its limits are: the Bekasi Timur Raya – I Gusti Ngurah Rai road to the south, the Bekasi Raya road to the east, Perintis Kemerdekaan road to the north, and Jenderal Ahmad Yani road to the west. The district sits on a northern edge of East Jakarta and it borders Central Jakarta along just over 25% of its boundaries. Kelurahan (Administrative Villages) It is divided into seven Villages of Indonesia, administrative villages (''kelurahan''): List of important places *Cipinang Penitentiary Institution *Jakarta International Velodrome *Jakarta International Equestrian Park *Jakarta State University *Cipinang railway station *Klender railway station *Pulo Gadung Terminal *I3L References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ariane 4
The Ariane 4 was a European expendable rocket, expendable launch vehicle in the Ariane (rocket family), Ariane family, developed by the (CNES), the Government of France, French space agency, for the European Space Agency (ESA). The manufacturing of the launch vehicle was led by Aérospatiale and it was marketed by Arianespace. Since its first flight on 15 June 1988 until the final flight on 15 February 2003, it attained 113 successful launches out of 116 total launches. In 1982, the Ariane 4 program was approved by ESA. Drawing heavily upon the preceding Ariane 3, it was designed to provide a launcher capable of delivering heavier payloads and at a lower cost per kilogram than the earlier members of the Ariane family. The Ariane 4 was principally an evolution of the existing technologies used, as opposed to being revolutionary in its design ethos; this approach quickly gained the backing of most ESA members, who funded and participated in its development and operation. Capable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Microsatellite (spaceflight)
A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under . While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass. Satellites can be built small to reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction. Miniature satellites, especially in large numbers, may be more useful than fewer, larger ones for some purposes – for example, Satellite#Applications, gathering of scientific data and radio relay. Technical challenges in the construction of small satellites may include the lack of sufficient power storage or of room for a spacecraft propulsion, propulsion system. Rationales One rationale for miniaturizing satellites is to reduce the cost; heavier satellites require larger rockets with greater thrust that also have greater cost to finance. In contrast, smaller and lighter satellites require smaller and cheaper launch ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Telkom Indonesia
PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero) Tbk () officially shortened into PT Telkom Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, also simply known as Telkom, is an Indonesian multinational corporation, multinational telecommunications Conglomerate (company), conglomerate with its corporate headquarters in Bandung and its operational headquarters in the Telkom Landmark Complex in Jakarta. Telkom is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange—the only Indonesian company, currently listed there (but not the first—the first was Indosat, which delisted from the exchange in 2013). The government of Indonesia owns over half of the Telkom's outstanding shares. Telkom has major business lines in Landline, fixed line telephony, internet provider, internet, and data communications. It is operated as the parent company of the Telkom Group, which is engaged in a broad range of businesses which consist of Telecommunications, telecommunication, multimedia, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Westar
Westar was a fleet of geosynchronous communications satellites operating in the C band which were launched by Western Union from 1974 to 1984. There were seven Westar satellites in all, with five of them launched and operating under the Westar name. Background Westar 1 (launched on April 13, 1974) has the distinction of being the USA's first commercially launched geosynchronous communications satellite, following North America's first geosynchronous communications satellite, Canada's Anik A1 in 1972. Westar 1 was put into orbit at 99° W in the Clarke belt (99° W now being the home of Galaxy 16). Westar 2 was launched shortly afterward on October 10, 1974. Westar 3, the first satellite to use TDMA switched data, was launched on August 10, 1979. Westars 1, 2 and 3 were built by Hughes using the HS 333 platform of spin-scan stabilized satellites. They only had 12 transponders on board, as opposed to later C-band communications satellites having 24, and even co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Anik (satellite)
The Anik satellites are a series of geostationary communications satellites launched for Telesat Canada for television, voice and data in Canada and other parts of the world, from 1972 through 2013. Some of the later satellites in the series remain operational in orbit, while others have been retired to a graveyard orbit. The naming of the satellite was determined by a national contest, and was won by Julie-Frances Czapla of Saint-Léonard, Québec. In Inuktitut, ''Anik'' means "brother". Satellites Anik A The Anik A satellites were the world's first national domestic satellites. (Prior to Anik A1's launch, all geosynchronous communications satellites were transcontinental, i.e. Intelsat I and others.) The Anik A fleet of three satellites gave CBC the ability to reach the Canadian North for the first time. Each of the satellites was equipped with 12 C-band transponders that were capable of one broadcast-quality television signal, or 960 telephone calls., and thus had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kartika I
Kartika I is an Indonesian sounding rocket built by LAPAN, AURI, Bandung Institute of Technology, and Pindad under PRIMA (Sounding and Military Rocket Development Project/''Indonesian: Proyek Pengembangan Roket Ilmiah dan Militer Awal'') project. This rocket was launched on August 14, 1964, in LAPAN Rocket Launching Station Pameungpeuk, West Java, becoming the first sounding rocket ever launched in Indonesia, and the fourth in Asia after Japan through Kappa Rocket, China with T-7 and Pakistan with the Rehbar series. History On May 31, 1962, Indonesian government under Sukarno commenced aeronautics exploration when the Aeronautics Committee was established by the Indonesian Vice Prime Minister I, Juanda, who was also the head of Indonesian Aeronautics. The secretary of Indonesian Aeronautics, RJ Salatun, was also involved in the establishment. On September 22, 1962, the PRIMA project was formed as an affiliation of AURI (Indonesian Air Force) and ITB (Bandung Institute of Tech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Institut Teknologi Bandung
The Bandung Institute of Technology (; , abbreviated as ITB) is a public research university located in Bandung, Indonesia. It has produced many notable leaders in science, engineering, politics, business, academia, and culture. ITB is one of the most prestigious universities in Indonesia. History Bandung Institute of Technology traces its origin to the Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (THB) which was founded during the Dutch colonial era. The project was founded by Karel Albert Rudolf Bosscha, a German-Dutch entrepreneur and philanthropist. His proposal was later approved by the colonial government to meet increasing demand of technical know-how in the colony. The school building was designed in 1918 by a Dutch architect named Henri Maclaine Pont by blending Indonesian vernacular architecture with modern elements. The school first opened its doors on 3 July 1920. At that time, it only had one active department, the Faculty of Technical Science and one academic major, Depart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Jacob Salatun
Raden Jacob Salatun (29 May 1927 in Banyumas – 3 February 2012 in Jakarta) was an Indonesia Air Force 3-star officer ( Air marshal). He is known as a founder of Indonesia's National Institute of Aeronautics and Space in 1963. Between 28 March 1966 and 25 July 1966 he was Minister of Industry in Indonesia. Salatun observed UFO An unidentified flying object (UFO) is an object or phenomenon seen in the sky but not yet identified or explained. The term was coined when United States Air Force (USAF) investigations into flying saucers found too broad a range of shapes ... phenomena in 1974. Two of his famous works are "''Menjingkap Rahasia piring terbang''" (Revealing the Secret of Flying Saucer) in 1960, and "''UFO: Salah Satu Masalah Dunia Masa Kini''" (UFO, One Of The Present Riddles) in 1982. He established SUFOI (Indonesian UFO Study) in the 1980s. In a letter published in 1974 he wrote, "I am convinced that we must study the UFO problem seriously for reasons of soci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Djuanda Kartawidjaja
Djuanda Kartawidjaja ( EYD: Juanda Kartawijaya; 14 January 1911 – 7 November 1963), more commonly referred to mononymously as Djuanda, was an Indonesian politician and technocrat who held various positions during the presidency of Sukarno, most notably as prime minister of Indonesia and a cabinet minister in several cabinets. Born into a noble ethnic Sundanese family, he graduated in engineering at the '' Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng'' in Bandung. He then worked as a teacher and later an engineer. Following the proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945, he joined the newly formed Republican government and served in several cabinets, mostly in economic portfolios. In 1957, Djuanda was appointed prime minister by Sukarno following the inability of the parties to form a cabinet. As prime minister, he is remembered for his role in proclaiming the . In 1959, Sukarno appointed himself prime minister but retained Djuanda as first minister with much the same dutie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
