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Napoleon I's Exile To St. Helena
Napoleon I's exile to St. Helena encompasses the final six years of the deposed emperor's life, commencing with his Second abdication of Napoleon, second abdication at the end of the Hundred Days, which had concluded with his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. Upon reaching Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, Rochefort, Napoleon, Napoleon I was unable to travel to the United States as he had wished. The British government had decided to imprison him and deport him to the island of Saint Helena, situated in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, with the intention of ensuring that he could no longer "disturb the peace of the world." He Death of Napoleon I, died there on May 5, 1821. The final journey Following his Abdication of Napoleon, 1815, abdication on June 22, 1815, Napoleon proceeded to the Atlantic coast, where the French government, under the leadership of Joseph Fouché, Fouché, had arranged for two frigates to facilitate his departure for America. However, the English squadron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoleon Sainthelene
Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career of Napoleon, a series of military campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815. He led the French First Republic, French Republic as French Consulate, First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then ruled the First French Empire, French Empire as Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1814, and briefly again in 1815. He was King of Italy, King of Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic), Italy from 1805 to 1814 and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine from 1806 to 1813. Born on the island of Corsica to a family of Italian origin, Napoleon moved to mainland France in 1779 and was commissioned as an officer in the French Royal Army in 1785. He supported the French Rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Bellerophon (1786)
HMS ''Bellerophon'', known to sailors as the "Billy Ruffian", was a ship of the line of the Royal Navy. A third-rate of 74 guns, she was launched in 1786. ''Bellerophon'' served during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, mostly on blockades or convoy escort duties. She fought in three fleet actions: the Glorious First of June (1794), the Battle of the Nile (1798) and the Battle of Trafalgar (1805). While the ship was on blockade duty in 1815, Napoleon boarded ''Bellerophon'' so he could surrender to the ship's captain, ending 22 years of almost continuous war between Britain and France. Built at Frindsbury, near Rochester in Kent, ''Bellerophon'' was initially laid up in ordinary, briefly being commissioned during the Spanish and Russian Armaments. She entered service with the Channel Fleet on the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars in 1792, and took part in the Glorious First of June in 1794, the first major fleet action of the wars. ''Bellerophon'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Briars, Saint Helena
Briars is the small pavilion in which Napoleon Bonaparte stayed for the first few weeks of his exile on Saint Helena in late 1815 before being moved to Longwood House. The pavilion was in the garden of William Balcombe, an English merchant who became a purveyor to Napoleon. His 14-year-old daughter Elizabeth Lucia ("Betsy") Balcombe was the only family member who spoke French, and she became the family translator. Because of his family's closeness to Napoleon, Balcombe attracted the suspicion of Governor Hudson Lowe, and in 1818 he was forced to leave the island and return to England. The Briars was then used as the home for the admiral assigned to St Helena. History By coincidence, the Duke of Wellington also stayed in The Briars, in 1805, on his return from a tour of duty in India. He wrote to the admiral commanding the garrison on 3 April 1816, "You may tell Bony that I find his apartments at the Elysée-Bourbon very convenient and that I hope he likes mine at the Balcombe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Joseph-Narcisse Marchand
Louis-Joseph-Narcisse Marchand (born Paris, March 28, 1791, died Trouville, June 19, 1876) was Napoleon Bonaparte's valet and the nominated liquidator of his succession. Born into a middle-class family from the Eure-et-Loir department, in 1811 he became an Imperial servant. He remained faithful to Napoleon after the first abdication and was selected to replace the Emperor's main valet who had fled. He followed the Emperor thereafter including to Saint Helena. He remained faithful to Napoleon so much so that on the Emperor's deathbed, the title of count was decreed to him - a title which was confirmed to him in 1869 by Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was President of France from 1848 to 1852 and then Emperor of the French from 1852 until his deposition in 1870. He was the first president, second emperor, and last .... After the death of Napoleon I, Marchand returned to France where he married in 1823; he took part in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Étienne Saint-Denis
Louis-Étienne Saint-Denis (22 September 1788 3 May 1856) was a member of the Mamelukes of the Imperial Guard, leading him to be known in his lifetime as "Mamelouk Ali". He was most notable as a faithful servant to Napoleon I during his two exiles on Elba and Saint Helena. Life He was born in Versailles to Étienne Saint-Denis (a royal stableman) and Marie-Louise Notté (daughter of an officer in the royal kitchens). His parents gave him a good education, allowing him to become a notary clerk in Paris. His father knew Armand de Caulaincourt, who recommended Louis-Étienne for a post at the imperial court and thus on 1 May 1806 he became a stableman in Napoleon's household. Five years later, on 11 December 1811, Napoleon made him his second-valet-de-chambre - Napoleon also ordered him to change his name to "Mameluk Ali", after the man he was replacing in the role. He accompanied Napoleon to Russia and Elba, during the Hundred Days and finally to Saint Helena. In the meantime he g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albine De Montholon
Albine de Montholon (18 December 1779 - 25 March 1848) was a French noblewoman, and the wife of Charles Tristan, marquis de Montholon. She was reputed to be the mistress of Napoleon during his exile on Saint Helena. Life She was born Albine Hélène de Vassal in Paris. Her cousin was Régis de Cambacérès. On 19 February 1797, at age 17, she married Jean-Pierre Bignon; they divorced in 1799. On 18 August 1800, at age 20, she married Daniel Roger. In December 1809, she gave birth to a son, Tristan Charles François Napoléon de Montholon-Sémonville. A second son, Napoléon Charles Tristan de Montholon-Sémonville, was born on 3 October 1810. Both sons being named "Charles", "Tristan", and "de Montholon-Sémonville" suggests they were fathered by Montholon before Albine married him on 2 July 1812, two months after divorcing Roger. She gave birth to her third son, Charles-François-Frédéric, in 1814. She gave birth to her fourth child, Hélène Napoleone Bonaparte in 1816 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Tristan, Marquis De Montholon
Charles Tristan, Marquis de Montholon (; 21 July 1783 – 21 August 1853) was a French general during the Napoleonic Wars. He chose to go into exile on Saint Helena with the ex-emperor after Napoleon's second abdication. Early life and career Montholon was born in Paris and was trained for a military career from a young age. In his tenth year, he joined the expedition of Admiral Laurent Truguet to the coast of Sardinia. Entering the army in 1797, he rose rapidly and avowed himself, when Chef d'escadron in Paris at the time of the ''coup d'état'' of 18 Brumaire (November 1799), entirely devoted to Bonaparte. War service He served in several of the ensuing campaigns, participating in the Battle of Jena (1806) and distinguishing himself at the Battle of Aspern-Essling (May 1809), where he was wounded. At the end of that campaign on the Danube he received the title of count and remained in close attendance on Napoleon, who entrusted him with several important duties. He was chosen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaspard Gourgaud
Gaspard, Baron Gourgaud (14 September 1783 – 25 July 1852), also known simply as Gaspard Gourgaud, was a French soldier, prominent in the Napoleonic wars. Biography He was born at Versailles; his father was a musician of the royal chapel. At school he showed talent in mathematical studies and later joined the artillery. In 1802 he became junior lieutenant, and thereafter served with credit in the campaigns of 1803-1805, being wounded at the Battle of Austerlitz. He was present at the siege of Saragossa in 1808, returned to service in Central Europe and took part in nearly all the battles of the Danubian campaign of 1809. In 1811 he was chosen to inspect and report on the fortifications of Gdańsk. Thereafter he became one of the ordnance officers attached to the emperor, whom he followed closely through the Russian campaign of 1812; he was one of the first to enter the Kremlin and discovered there a quantity of gunpowder which might have been used for the destruction of Napoleon. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fanny Dillon
Élisabeth Françoise 'Fanny' Dillon (25 July 1785 – 6 March 1836) was a French noblewoman and wife of Henri Gatien Bertrand. Birth and family Born at two o'clock in the morning of 25 July 1785 at the château de Gontreuil on the Franco-Belgian border, Élisabeth Françoise was the daughter of the Irish French general Arthur Dillon, commander of the Régiment de Dillon, and the Martinique creole Laure de Girardin de Montgérald. Both her father and mother had been married before, while her mother had also, when still married to her previous husband, Alexandre-Francois Le Vassor de la Touche de Longpre (1744 - 1779), engaged in an affair with Alexandre de Beauharnais, from which resulted an illegitimate son. Laure was also a maternal cousin of de Beauharnais' wife, Rose Tascher de La Pagerie, who later became the Empress Joséphine, Laure and Rose's grandparents having been siblings. Through her father, Fanny was a great-great-granddaughter of Charlotte FitzRoy, illegitim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Gatien Bertrand
Henri-Gatien Bertrand (; 22 March 1773 Dictionnaire Napoléon - Jean Tulard - P207 – 31 January 1844) was a French general who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Under the Empire he was the third and last Grand marshal of the palace, the head of the Military Household of emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, whom he followed in both the exiles to Elba and Saint-Helena. Life Bertrand was born at Châteauroux, in the province of Berry, to a well-to-do bourgeois family. At the outbreak of the French Revolution, he had just finished his studies at the Prytanée National Militaire, and he entered the army as a volunteer. During the expedition to Egypt, Napoleon named him colonel (1798), then brigadier-general, and after the Battle of Austerlitz his '' aide-de-camp''. His life was henceforth closely bound up with that of Napoleon, who had the fullest confidence in him, honoring him in 1808 with the title of count and at the end of 1813, with the title o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South Asia and Southeast Asia), and later with East Asia. The company gained Company rule in India, control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent and British Hong Kong, Hong Kong. At its peak, the company was the largest corporation in the world by various measures and had its own armed forces in the form of the company's three presidency armies, totalling about 260,000 soldiers, twice the size of the British Army at certain times. Originally Chartered company, chartered as the "Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East-Indies," the company rose to account for half of the world's trade during the mid-1700s and early 1800s, particularly in basic commodities including cotton, silk, indigo dye, sugar, salt, spices, Potass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area.Sayre, April Pulley (1999), ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. . With nearly billion people as of , it accounts for about of the world's human population. Demographics of Africa, Africa's population is the youngest among all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Based on 2024 projections, Africa's population will exceed 3.8 billion people by 2100. Africa is the least wealthy inhabited continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, ahead of Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including Geography of Africa, geography, Climate of Africa, climate, corruption, Scramble for Africa, colonialism, the Cold War, and neocolonialism. Despite this lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
