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Moro Reflex
The Moro reflex is an infantile reflex that develops between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation and disappears at 3–6 months of age. It is a response to a sudden loss of support and involves three distinct components: # spreading out the arms ( abduction) # pulling the arms in (adduction) # crying (usually) It is distinct from the startle reflex. Unlike the startle reflex, the Moro reflex does not decrease with repeated stimulation. The primary significance of the Moro reflex is in evaluating integration of the central nervous system. Eliciting the Moro reflex Ernst Moro elicited the Moro reflex by slapping the pillow on both sides of the infant's head. Other methods have been used since then, including rapidly lowering the infant (while supported) to a sudden stop and pinching the skin of the abdomen. Today, the most common method is the head drop, where the infant is supported in both hands and tilted suddenly so the head is a few centimeters lower than the level of the body. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moro Reflex In Four-day-old Infant
Moro may refer to: Events * Moro Crater massacre (1906), an engagement in the Philippine–American War * Moro River Campaign (1943), a World War II campaign between Allied and German forces on the Moro river and its headwaters in Italy * Moro insurgency in the Philippines (1969–2014), an ethnoreligious conflict in the Philippines between the predominantly-Catholic government and Muslim separatists Ethnic groups * Moro people, a mostly Muslim people of southern Philippines * Moors, the English variation of the Spanish term ''moro'' referring to Muslim inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa during the Middle Ages * Sri Lankan Moors or Ceylon Moors, an ethnic group * Indian Moors, an ethnic group * Moro people, also known as the Ayoreo people, an indigenous people of Bolivia and Paraguay * Moro Nuba people, a subgroup of the Nuba people in southern Sudan * Moru people, an ethnic group in South Sudan * Moroccans, shortened form or slang referring to people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Trimester
Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops ( gestates) inside a woman's uterus (womb). A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy usually occurs by sexual intercourse, but can also occur through assisted reproductive technology procedures. A pregnancy may end in a live birth, a miscarriage, an induced abortion, or a stillbirth. Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the start of the last menstrual period (LMP), a span known as the gestational age. This is just over nine months. Counting by fertilization age, the length is about 38 weeks. Pregnancy is "the presence of an implanted human embryo or fetus in the uterus"; implantation occurs on average 8–9 days after fertilization. An ''embryo'' is the term for the developing offspring during the first seven weeks following implantation (i.e. ten weeks' gestational age), after which the term ''fetus'' is used until birth. Signs and sympt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obstetrics
Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. As a medical specialty, obstetrics is combined with gynecology under the discipline known as obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), which is a surgical field. Main areas Prenatal care Prenatal care is important in screening for various complications of pregnancy. This includes routine office visits with physical exams and routine lab tests along with telehealth care for women with low-risk pregnancies: Image:Ultrasound_image_of_a_fetus.jpg, 3D ultrasound of fetus (about 14 weeks gestational age) Image:Sucking his thumb and waving.jpg, Fetus at 17 weeks Image:3dultrasound 20 weeks.jpg, Fetus at 20 weeks First trimester Routine tests in the first trimester of pregnancy generally include: * Complete blood count * Blood type ** Rh-negative antenatal patients should receive RhoGAM at 28 weeks to prevent Rh disease. * Indirect Coombs test (AGT) to assess risk of hemoly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reflexes
In biology, a reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action and nearly instantaneous response to a stimulus. Reflexes are found with varying levels of complexity in organisms with a nervous system. A reflex occurs via neural pathways in the nervous system called reflex arcs. A stimulus initiates a neural signal, which is carried to a synapse. The signal is then transferred across the synapse to a motor neuron which evokes a target response. These neural signals do not always travel to the brain, so many reflexes are an automatic response to a stimulus that does not receive or need conscious thought. Many reflexes are fine-tuned to increase organism survival and self-defense. This is observed in reflexes such as the startle reflex, which provides an automatic response to an unexpected stimuli, and the feline righting reflex, which reorients a cat's body when falling to ensure safe landing. The simplest type of reflex, a short-latency reflex, has a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pediatrician
Pediatrics ( also spelled ''paediatrics'' or ''pædiatrics'') is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. In the United Kingdom, paediatrics covers many of their youth until the age of 18. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people seek pediatric care through the age of 21, but some pediatric subspecialists continue to care for adults up to 25. Worldwide age limits of pediatrics have been trending upward year after year. A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, or paediatrician. The word ''pediatrics'' and its cognates mean "healer of children," derived from the two Greek words: (''pais'' "child") and (''iatros'' "doctor, healer"). Pediatricians work in clinics, research centers, universities, general hospitals and children's hospitals, including those who practice pediatric subspecialties (e.g. neonatology requires resources available in a NICU). History The ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time, but include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, and speaking. Often, babies with cerebral palsy do not roll over, sit, crawl or walk as early as other children of their age. Other symptoms include seizures and problems with thinking or reasoning, which each occur in about one-third of people with CP. While symptoms may get more noticeable over the first few years of life, underlying problems do not worsen over time. Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. Most often, the problems occur during pregnancy, but they may also occur during childbirth or shortly after birth. Often, the cause is unknown. Risk factors include preterm birth, being a twin, certain infections during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydranencephaly
Hydranencephaly is a condition in which the brain's cerebral hemispheres are absent to a great degree and the remaining cranial cavity is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. "Cephalic" is the scientific term for "head" or "head end of body". Hydranencephaly is a type of cephalic disorder. These disorders are Birth defect, congenital conditions that derive from damage to, or abnormal development of, the Development of the nervous system in humans, fetal nervous system in the earliest stages of Prenatal development, development in utero. These conditions do not have any definitive identifiable cause factor. Instead, they are generally attributed to a variety of Heredity, hereditary or Genetic disorder, genetic conditions, but also by environmental factors such as Postpartum infections, maternal infection, pharmaceutical intake, or even exposure to high levels of radiation. Hydranencephaly should not be confused with hydrocephalus, which is an accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microcephaly
Microcephaly (from New Latin ''microcephalia'', from Ancient Greek μικρός ''mikrós'' "small" and κεφαλή ''kephalé'' "head") is a medical condition involving a smaller-than-normal head. Microcephaly may be present at birth or it may develop in the first few years of life. Since brain growth is correlated with head growth, people with this disorder often have an intellectual disability, poor motor function, poor speech, abnormal facial features, seizures and dwarfism. The disorder is caused by a disruption to the genetic processes that form the brain early in pregnancy, though the cause is not identified in most cases. Many genetic syndromes can result in microcephaly, including chromosomal and single-gene conditions, though almost always in combination with other symptoms. Mutations that result solely in microcephaly (primary microcephaly) exist but are less common. External toxins to the embryo, such as alcohol during pregnancy or vertically transmitted inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kernicterus
Kernicterus is a bilirubin-induced brain dysfunction. The term was coined in 1904 by Christian Georg Schmorl. Bilirubin is a naturally occurring substance in the body of humans and many other animals, but it is neurotoxic when its concentration in the blood is too high, a condition known as hyperbilirubinemia. Hyperbilirubinemia may cause bilirubin to accumulate in the grey matter of the central nervous system, potentially causing irreversible neurological damage. Depending on the level of exposure, the effects range from clinically unnoticeable to severe brain damage and even death. When hyperbilirubinemia increases past a mild level, it leads to jaundice, raising the risk of progressing to kernicterus. When this happens in adults, it is usually because of liver problems. Newborns are especially vulnerable to hyperbilirubinemia-induced neurological damage, because in the earliest days of life, the still-developing liver is heavily exercised by the breakdown of fetal hemoglobi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plexus
In neuroanatomy, a plexus (from the Latin term for "braid") is a branching network of vessels or nerves. The vessels may be blood vessels (veins, capillaries) or lymphatic vessels. The nerves are typically axons outside the central nervous system. The standard plural form in English is plexuses. Alternatively, the Latin plural plexūs may be used. Types Nerve plexuses The four primary nerve plexuses are the cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, and the sacral plexus. Cardiac plexus Celiac plexus Renal plexus Venous plexus Choroid plexus The choroid plexus is a part of the central nervous system in the brain and consists of capillaries, brain ventricles, and ependymal cells. Invertebrates The plexus is the characteristic form of nervous system in the coelenterates and persists with modifications in the flatworms. The nerves of the radially symmetric echinoderm An echinoderm () is any member of the phylum Echinodermata (). The adults are recognis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gestation
Gestation is the period of development during the carrying of an embryo, and later fetus, inside viviparous animals (the embryo develops within the parent). It is typical for mammals, but also occurs for some non-mammals. Mammals during pregnancy can have one or more gestations at the same time, for example in a multiple birth. The time interval of a gestation is called the '' gestation period''. In obstetrics, '' gestational age'' refers to the time since the onset of the last menses, which on average is fertilization age plus two weeks. Mammals In mammals, pregnancy begins when a zygote (fertilized ovum) implants in the female's uterus and ends once the fetus leaves the uterus during labor or an abortion (whether induced or spontaneous). Humans In humans, pregnancy can be defined clinically or biochemically. Clinically, pregnancy starts from first day of the mother's last period. Biochemically, pregnancy starts when a woman's human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moro Reflex While Sleeping
Moro may refer to: Events * Moro Crater massacre (1906), an engagement in the Philippine–American War * Moro River Campaign (1943), a World War II campaign between Allied and German forces on the Moro river and its headwaters in Italy * Moro insurgency in the Philippines (1969–2014), an ethnoreligious conflict in the Philippines between the predominantly-Catholic government and Muslim separatists Ethnic groups * Moro people, a mostly Muslim people of southern Philippines * Moors, the English variation of the Spanish term ''moro'' referring to Muslim inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa during the Middle Ages * Sri Lankan Moors or Ceylon Moors, an ethnic group * Indian Moors, an ethnic group * Moro people, also known as the Ayoreo people, an indigenous people of Bolivia and Paraguay * Moro Nuba people, a subgroup of the Nuba people in southern Sudan * Moru people, an ethnic group in South Sudan * Moroccans, shortened form or slang referring to people fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
