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Mark (currency)
The mark was a currency or unit of account in many states. It is named for the mark unit of weight. The word ''mark'' comes from a merging of three Teutonic/ Germanic words, Latinised in 9th-century post-classical Latin as ', ', ' or '. It was a measure of weight mainly for gold and silver, commonly used throughout Europe and often equivalent to . Considerable variations, however, occurred throughout the Middle Ages. As of 2022, the only circulating currency named "mark" is the Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark. List of currencies named "mark" or similar "Mark" can refer * to one of the following historical German currencies: ** Since the 11th century: the , used in the Electorate of Cologne; ** 1319: the , minted and used by the North German Hanseatic city of Stralsund and various towns in Pomerania; ** 1502: the , a uniform coinage for the ''Wends'' () Hanseatic cities of Lübeck, Hamburg, Wismar, Lüneburg, Rostock, Stralsund, Anklam, among others, who joined th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Gold Mark
The German mark (german: Goldmark ; sign: ℳ) was the currency of the German Empire, which spanned from 1871 to 1918. The mark was paired with the minor unit of the pfennig (₰); 100 pfennigs were equivalent to 1 mark. The mark was on the gold standard from 1871–1914, but like most nations during World War I, the German Empire removed the gold backing in August 1914, and gold and silver coins ceased to circulate. After the fall of the Empire due to the November Revolution of 1918, the mark was succeeded by the Weimar Republic's mark, derisively referred to as the Papiermark ("Paper mark") due to hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic from 1918–1923. History The introduction of the German mark in 1873 was the culmination of decades-long efforts to unify the various currencies used by the German Confederation.pp 205-218 https://books.google.com/books?id=GrJCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA205#v=onepage&q&f=false The Zollverein unified in 1838 the Prussian and South German currenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germania Slavica
''Germania Slavica'' is a historiographic term used since the 1950s to denote the landscape of the medieval language border (roughly east of the Elbe-Saale line) zone between Germans and Slavs in Central Europe on the one hand and a 20th-century scientific working group to research the conditions in that area during the Early Middle Ages and High Middle Ages on the other. The historian Klaus Zernack divides Germania Slavica into: Christian Lübke, ''Struktur und Wandel im Früh- und Hochmittelalter: eine Bestandsaufnahme aktueller Forschungen zur Germania Slavica'', Franz Steiner Verlag, 1998, p.14, * ''Germania Slavica I'' between the Elbe and Saale rivers in the west and the Oder in the east, which had formed part of the Frankish and later Holy Roman Empires as marches * ''Germania Slavica II'' east of ''Germania Slavica I'' and west of the Kingdom of Poland, comprising the Silesian, Pomeranian, and Prussian duchies as well as the Neumark. From the late first millennium CE ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South West African Mark
The South West African mark was a temporary currency issued between 1916, after the withdrawal of the German South West African mark, and prior to the introduction of the South African pound in 1918. A number of notes were denominated in South West African marks and pfennigs, especially by the Swakopmund Bookshop that issued 10, 25, 50 Pfennig, and 1, 2, and 3 Mark notes. File:SWA-15a-Swakopmunder Buchhandlung-Two Mark (1916).jpg, A two mark Swakopmunder Buchhandlung note issued in 1916 File:SWA-6-Swakopmunder Buchhandlung-10 Pfennig (1916).jpg, A ten pfennig Swakopmunder Buchhandlung note issued in 1916 Notes References * See also * South West African banknote issuers * Banknotes of the Swakopmund Bookshop Banknotes were issued by the Swakopmund Bookshop (German; ''Swakopmunder Buchhandlung'') between 1916 and 1918 as an emergency currency. They issued 10, 25, 50 Pfennig, and 1, 2, and 3 mark notes. Although these were issued under South African ad ... Numismatic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German South West African Mark
The Mark was the currency of German South West Africa between 1885 and 1915. Until 1914, the German Mark circulated. Within days of the outbreak of the First World War, an issue of paper money titled ''Deutsch-Südwestafrikanische Mark'' was authorized in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 Marks. History From 1884 to 1901, the main currency of German South West Africa was the British Pound Sterling. However, in 1885, the German South West African mark began to be circulated. In 1893, an established rate of £1 for every 20 ℳ. It is worth noting that the gold content of the British Pound Sterling was 7.3224 grams, while the gold content of 20 marks was 7.168 grams. According to Gresham's Law, "bad money drives out good", so the "bad" Mark replaced the "good" British Pound Sterling. In 1901, the German Mark became the official currency of German South West Africa, hence replacing the 20 and 5 mark denominations of the German South West African Mark, for which they were also de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Guinean Mark
The Mark (German language, German plural: Mark, English language, English plural: marks) was the currency of the colony of German New Guinea between 1884 and 1911. It was equal to the German gold mark, German Mark, which was also legal tender in the colony. Initially, only German currency circulated. This was supplemented in 1894 by coins issued specifically for New Guinea. These coins were demonetized on 15 April 1911, in exchange for the German Mark, the only legal tender after that date. In 1914, during World War I, German New Guinea was Australian occupation of German New Guinea, quickly occupied by Australia. That year, the Australian authorities issued Treasury notes denominated in marks. In 1915, the Mark was replaced by the Australian pound. Coins In 1894, the Neu-Guinea Companie issued bronze 1, 2 and 10 Pfennig and silver ½, 1, 2 and 5 Mark coins, followed by gold 10 and 20 Mark pieces in 1895. Banknotes Between 1914 and 1915, Treasury Banknotes of New Guinea were iss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnish Markka
The markka ( fi, markka; sv, mark; sign: Mk; ISO code: FIM, typically known outside Finland as the Finnish mark) was the currency of Finland from 1860 until 28 February 2002, when it ceased to be legal tender. The mark was divided into 100 pennies ( fi, penni; sv, penni), abbreviated as "p". At the point of conversion, the rate was fixed at €1 = Mk 5.94573. The mark was replaced by the euro (€), which had been introduced, in cash form, on 1 January 2002. This was after a transitional period of three years, when the euro was the official currency but only existed as "book money" outside of the monetary base. The dual circulation period, when both the Finnish mark and the euro had legal tender status, ended on 28 February 2002. Etymology The name "markka" was based on a medieval unit of weight. Both "markka" and "penni" are similar to words used in Germany for that country's former currency, based on the same etymological roots as the Deutsche Mark and pfennig. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merk Scots
The merk is a long-obsolete Scottish silver coin. Originally the same word as a money mark of silver, the merk was in circulation at the end of the 16th century and in the 17th century. It was originally valued at 13 shillings 4 pence (exactly of a pound Scots, or about one shilling sterling), later raised to 14''s.'' Scots. In addition to the merks, coins issued include the four merk worth 56s or £2/16/- (£2.8); the half merk (or noble), 6 shillings and 8 pence or 80d; the quarter merk, 3s and 4d or 40d; the eighth-thistle merk, worth 20d. The first issue weighed and was 50% silver and 50% base metals,. thus it contained of pure silver. "Markland", or "Merkland", was used to describe an amount of land in Scottish deeds and legal papers. It was based upon a common valuation of the land. During the "Lang Siege" of Edinburgh Castle in 1572, the last phase of the Marian civil war, the goldsmith James Cockie minted half merks in the castle, while the supporters of James VI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
