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Mycobacterium Lacus
''Mycobacterium lacus'' is a species of bacteria in the genus ''Mycobacterium'' known to be a causative agent in immunocompetent individuals. Description Large, dispersed acid-fast bacilli with prominent beading Colony characteristics *Colonies on Löwenstein–Jensen medium were nonchromogenic, small, with a dry appearance. *On Middlebrook 7H10 agar, colonies are small, non-pigmented and smooth to rough, with a slightly irregular edge. Younger colonies appeared slightly transparent. Physiology *Growth was observed on Löwenstein–Jensen medium at two weeks at both 37 and 42 °C and at 3 weeks at 30 °C. At four weeks, very little growth was observed at 25 °C, and no growth was observed at 52 °C. Pathogenesis *The causative agent of bursitis in an immunocompetent individual. Type strain *Isolated from synovial tissue from a 68-year-old female with bursitis Bursitis is the inflammation of one or more bursae (fluid filled sacs) of synovial fluid in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium
''Mycobacterium'' is a genus of over 190 species in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis (''M. tuberculosis'') and leprosy ('' M. leprae'') in humans. The Greek prefix ''myco-'' means 'fungus', alluding to this genus' mold-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has cell walls with Gram-positive and Gram-negative features, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types. Metabolism and Morphology Mycobacteria are aerobic with 0.2-0.6 µm wide and 1.0-10 µm long rod shapes. They are generally non-motile, except for the species ''Mycobacterium marinum'', which has been shown to be motile within macrophages. Mycobacteria possess capsules and most do not form endospores. ''M. marinum'' and perhaps ''M. bovis'' have been shown to sporulate; however, this has been contested by further research. The disting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acid-fast
Acid-fastness is a physical property of certain bacterial and eukaryotic cells, as well as some sub-cellular structures, specifically their resistance to decolorization by acids during laboratory staining procedures. Once stained as part of a sample, these organisms can resist the acid and/or ethanol-based decolorization procedures common in many staining protocols, hence the name ''acid-fast''. The mechanisms of acid-fastness vary by species, although the most well-known example is in the genus '' Mycobacterium'', which includes the species responsible for tuberculosis and leprosy. The acid-fastness of ''Mycobacteria'' is due to the high mycolic acid content of their cell walls, which is responsible for the staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention. Some bacteria may also be partially acid-fast, such as '' Nocardia''. Acid-fast organisms are difficult to characterize using standard microbiological techniques, though they can be stained using concentrated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacilli
Bacilli is a taxonomic class of bacteria that includes two orders, Bacillales and Lactobacillales, which contain several well-known pathogens such as ''Bacillus anthracis'' (the cause of anthrax). ''Bacilli'' are almost exclusively gram-positive bacteria. The name ''Bacillus'', capitalized and italicized, refers to a specific genus of bacteria. The name Bacilli, capitalized but not italicized, can also refer to a less specific taxonomic group of bacteria that includes two orders, one of which contains the genus ''Bacillus''. When the word is formatted with lowercase and not italicized, 'bacillus', it will most likely be referring to shape and not to the genus at all. Ambiguity Several related concepts make use of similar words, and the ambiguity can create considerable confusion. The term "''Bacillus''" (capitalized and italicized) is also the name of a genus (''Bacillus anthracis'') that, among many other genera, falls within the class Bacilli. The word "bacillus" (or its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Löwenstein–Jensen Medium
Löwenstein–Jensen medium, more commonly known as LJ medium, is a growth medium specially used for culture of ''Mycobacterium'' species, notably ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''. When grown on LJ medium, ''M. tuberculosis'' appears as brown, granular colonies (sometimes called "buff, rough and tough"). The medium must be incubated for a significant length of time, usually four weeks, due to the slow doubling time of ''M. tuberculosis'' (15–20 hours) compared with other bacteria. The medium is named after the Austrian pathologist Ernst Löwenstein (1878–1950) and the Danish medical doctor Kai Adolf Jensen (16.7.1894-2.5.1971). Composition The usual composition as applicable to ''M. tuberculosis'' is: * Malachite green * Glycerol * Asparagine * Potato starch * Coagulated eggs * Mineral salt solution ** Potassium dihydrogen phosphate ** Magnesium sulfate ** Sodium citrate The original formulation included starch, which was later found to be unnecessary, so omitted. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonchromogenic
In chemistry, the term chromogen refers to a colourless (or faintly coloured) chemical compound that can be converted by chemical reaction into a compound which can be described as "coloured". There is no universally agreed definition of the term. Various dictionaries give the following definitions: * A substance capable of conversion into a pigment or dye. * Any substance that can become a pigment or coloring matter, a substance in organic fluids that forms colored compounds when oxidized, or a compound, not itself a dye, that can become a dye. * Any substance, itself without color, giving origin to a coloring matter. In biochemistry the term has a rather different meaning. The following are found in various dictionaries. * A precursor of a biochemical pigment * A pigment-producing microorganism * Any of certain bacteria that produce a pigment * A strongly pigmented or pigment-generating organelle, organ, or microorganism. Applications in chemistry *In chromogenic photography, fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middlebrook 7H10 Agar
Middlebrook 7H10 Agar is a solid growth medium specially used for culture of ''Mycobacterium'', notably '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis''. It has been reported that the 7H10 medium tends to grow fewer contaminants than the egg-based media commonly used for the cultivation of mycobacteria. Composition Ingredients (g/L) * Ammonium sulfate, 0.50 * Monopotassium phosphate, 1.50 * Disodium phosphate, 1.50 * Sodium citrate, 0.40 * Magnesium sulfate, 0.025 * Zinc sulfate, 0.001 * Copper sulfate, 0.001 * L-Glutamic acid, 0.50 * Ferric ammonium citrate, 0.04 * Pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.001 * Biotin, 0.0005 * Malachite green, 0.00025 * Agar, 15.00 * Calcium chloride, 0.0005 Cultures should be read within 5–7 days after inoculation and once a week thereafter for up to 8 weeks. See also * Lowenstein-Jensen medium * Middlebrook 7H9 Broth Middlebrook 7H9 broth is a liquid growth medium specially used for culture of'' Mycobacterium'' species, notably ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bursitis
Bursitis is the inflammation of one or more bursae (fluid filled sacs) of synovial fluid in the body. They are lined with a synovial membrane that secretes a lubricating synovial fluid. There are more than 150 bursae in the human body. The bursae rest at the points where internal functionaries, such as muscles and tendons, slide across bone. Healthy bursae create a smooth, almost frictionless functional gliding surface making normal movement painless. When bursitis occurs, however, movement relying on the inflamed bursa becomes difficult and painful. Moreover, movement of tendons and muscles over the inflamed bursa aggravates its inflammation, perpetuating the problem. Muscle can also be stiffened. Signs and symptoms Bursitis commonly affects superficial bursae. These include the subacromial, prepatellar, retrocalcaneal, and ''pes anserinus'' bursae of the shoulder, knee, heel and shin, etc. (see below). Symptoms vary from localized warmth and erythema to joint pain and stiff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immunocompetent
In immunology, immunocompetence is the ability of the body to produce a normal immune response following exposure to an antigen. Immunocompetence is the opposite of immunodeficiency (also known as ''immuno-incompetence'' or being ''immuno-compromised''). Examples include: * a newborn who does not yet have a fully functioning immune system but may have maternally transmitted antibodies – immunodeficient; * a late stage AIDS patient with a failed or failing immune system – immuno-incompetent; or * a transplant recipient taking medication so their body will not reject the donated organ – immunocompromised. There may be cases of overlap but these terms all describe immune system not fully functioning. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that household and other close contacts of persons with altered immunocompetence receive the MMR, varicella, and rotavirus vaccines according to the standard schedule of vaccines, as well as receiving an ann ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synovial Membrane
The synovial membrane (also known as the synovial stratum, synovium or stratum synoviale) is a specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of synovial joints and tendon sheath A tendon sheath is a layer of synovial membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to stretch and not adhere to the surrounding fascia. It has two layers: * synovial sheath * fibrous tendon sheath Fibroma Fibromas are benign tumors that .... It makes direct contact with the fibrous membrane on the outside surface and with the synovial fluid lubricant on the inside surface. In contact with the synovial fluid at the tissue surface are many rounded macrophage-like synovial cells (type A) and also type B cells, which are also known as fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Type A cells maintain the synovial fluid by removing wear-and-tear debris. As for the FLS, they produce Hyaluronic acid, hyaluronan, as well as other extracellular components in the synovial fluid. Struc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acid-fast Bacilli
Acid-fastness is a physical property of certain bacterial and eukaryotic cells, as well as some sub-cellular structures, specifically their resistance to decolorization by acids during laboratory staining procedures. Once stained as part of a sample, these organisms can resist the acid and/or ethanol-based decolorization procedures common in many staining protocols, hence the name ''acid-fast''. The mechanisms of acid-fastness vary by species, although the most well-known example is in the genus ''Mycobacterium'', which includes the species responsible for tuberculosis and leprosy. The acid-fastness of ''Mycobacteria'' is due to the high mycolic acid content of their cell walls, which is responsible for the staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention. Some bacteria may also be partially acid-fast, such as '' Nocardia''. Acid-fast organisms are difficult to characterize using standard microbiological techniques, though they can be stained using concentrated dy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as environmental mycobacteria, atypical mycobacteria and mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT), are mycobacteria which do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy (also known as Hansen's disease). NTM do cause pulmonary diseases that resemble tuberculosis. Mycobacteriosis is any of these illnesses, usually meant to exclude tuberculosis. They occur in many animals, including humans and are commonly found in soil and water. Introduction Mycobacteria are a family of small, rod-shaped bacilli that can be classified into three main groups for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment: * ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' complex, which can cause tuberculosis: ''M. tuberculosis'', '' M. bovis'', '' M. africanum'', '' M. microti'' and '' M. canetti'' * ''M. leprae'' and '' M. lepromatosis'', which cause Hansen's disease, also called leprosy * Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are all the other mycobacteria that can cause pulmonary disease resembling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
