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Muslim People's Republican Party
The Muslim People's Republic Party (MPRP) or Islamic People's Republican Party (IPRP; ) was a short-lived party associated with Shia Islamic cleric Shariatmadari. It was founded in 1979 during the Iranian Revolution as a "moderate, more liberal counterweight" to the theocratic, Islamist Islamic Republican Party (IRP) of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, and disbanded in 1980. History The party was founded around March 1979. by a "group of bazaar merchants, middle-class politicians, and clerics associated with Khomeini's chief rival in Qom", the Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari. In contrast to the Islamic Republican Party, the Muslim People's Republican Party emphasized "collective" religious leadership - as opposed to leadership by Khomeini - "criticized the unruly behavior" of the revolutionary committees and the "harsh judgment" of the revolutionary courts, was ready to cooperate with the secular parties, and demanded free access for all to the broadcast media." The M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari
Sayyid Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari (), also spelled Shariat-Madari (5 January 1906 – 3 April 1986), was an Iranian Grand Ayatollah. He favoured the traditional Shiite practice of keeping clerics away from governmental positions and was a critic of Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini, denouncing the taking hostage of diplomats at the US embassy in Tehran. Biography Early life and education Born in Tabriz in 1906 in an Azerbaijani family, Shariatmadari was among the most senior leading Twelver Shia clerics in Iran and Iraq and was known for his forward looking and liberal views. After the death of Supreme and Grand Ayatollah Borujerdi (Marja' Mutlaq) in 1961 he became one of the leading marjas, with followers in Iran, Pakistan, India, Lebanon, Kuwait and the southern Persian Gulf states. In 1963, he prevented the Shah from executing Ayatollah Khomeini by recognizing him as a Grand Ayatollah, since according to the Iranian constitution a Marja' could not be executed. Khomeini w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamism
Islamism is a range of religious and political ideological movements that believe that Islam should influence political systems. Its proponents believe Islam is innately political, and that Islam as a political system is superior to communism, liberal democracy, capitalism, and other alternatives in achieving a just, successful society. The advocates of Islamism, also known as "al-Islamiyyun", are usually affiliated with Islamic institutions or social mobilization movements, emphasizing the implementation of '' sharia'', pan-Islamic political unity, and the creation of Islamic states. In its original formulation, Islamism described an ideology seeking to revive Islam to its past assertiveness and glory, purifying it of foreign elements, reasserting its role into "social and political as well as personal life"; and in particular "reordering government and society in accordance with laws prescribed by Islam" (i.e. Sharia). According to at least one observer (author Robin Wr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Largest Political Parties
This is a list of Political party, political parties by reported number of members. These reported membership numbers are usually claimed by the parties themselves and may not have been confirmed by independent studies. Currently active political parties Parties with over 50 million members Parties with 5 million – 50 million members Parties with 1 million – 5 million members Parties with 100 thousand – 1 million members Formerly active political parties with over 1 million members Note: This list only includes parties that were dissolved and whose successor parties are clearly different from them. See also *Lists of political parties *List of political ideologies Notes References {{Reflist Lists of political parties, Largest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organizations Of The Iranian Revolution
Several organizations, parties and guerrilla groups were involved in the Iranian Revolution. Some were part of Ayatollah Khomeini's network and supported the theocratic Islamic Republic movement, while others did not and were suppressed when Khomeini took power. Some groups were created after the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty and still exist, while others helped overthrow the Shah but no longer exist. Prerevolutionary opposition groups Before the Iranian revolution, opposition groups tended to fall into four major categories: Constitutionalist, Marxist, Leftist, and Islamist. Constitutionalists, including the National Front of Iran, wanted to revive constitutional monarchy including free elections. Without elections or outlets for peaceful political activity though, they had lost their relevance and had little following. Marxists groups were primarily guerrilla groups working to defeat the Pahlavi regime by assassination and armed struggle. They were illegal and heavily suppres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabriz
Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central District (Tabriz County), Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province, East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran. It serves as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. Tabriz is in the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan region between long ridges of volcanic cones in the Sahand and Eynali mountains. Tabriz's elevation ranges between above sea level. The valley opens up into a plain that gently slopes down to the eastern shores of Lake Urmia, to the west. The city was named World Carpet Weaving City by the World Crafts Council in October 2015 and Exemplary Tourist City of 2018 by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. With a population of over 1.7 million (2016), Tabriz is the largest economic hub and metropolitan area in northwest Iran. The population is bilingual with most peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azerbaijan (Iran)
Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan (, , ), also known as Iranian Azerbaijan, is a historical region in northwestern Iran that borders Iraq and Turkey to the west and Armenia, Azerbaijan, and the Azerbaijani exclave of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic to the north. Iranian Azerbaijan includes three northwestern Iranian provinces: West Azerbaijan province, West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan province, East Azerbaijan and Ardabil province, Ardabil. Some authors also include Zanjan province, Zanjan in this list, some in a geographical sense, others only culturally (due to the predominance of the Azeri Turkic population there). The region is mostly populated by Iranian Azerbaijanis, Azerbaijanis, with minority populations of Kurds, Armenians, Tat people (Iran), Tats, Talysh people, Talysh, Assyrian people, Assyrians and Persians. Iranian Azerbaijan is the land Azerbaijan naming controversy, originally and historically called Azerbaijan; the Azerbaijani-populated Republic of Azerbaijan appr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalkhal, Iran
Khalkhal () is a city in the Central District of Khalkhal County, Ardabil province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Demographics At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 38,521 in 9,619 households. The following census in 2011 counted 41,165 people in 11,213 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 39,304 people in 11,501 households. Etymology and history According to Vladimir Minorsky, the name ''Khalkhāl'' may indicate a connection with the ancient Kharkhar kingdom, which existed somewhere in the eastern Zagros Mountains in Neo-Assyrian times. The 14th-century author Hamdallah Mustawfi listed Khalkhal in his '' Nuzhat al-Qulub'' as forming part of the '' tuman'' of Ardabil. He described it as "formerly a fair-sized town" that had declined to a mere village by his time. He wrote that Khalkhal had succeeded the earlier city of Firuzabad as the capital of its province after Firuzabad its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ardabil
Ardabil (, ) is a city in northwestern Iran. It is in the Central District (Ardabil County), Central District of Ardabil County, Ardabil province, Ardabil province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. The city of Ardabil lies close to the borders of the Azerbaijan, Republic of Azerbaijan, 40 kilometers from the village of Diqo. As of the 2022 census, Ardabil's population was 588,000. The population of Ardabil County is about 650,000 with the majority Shia, Shia Muslim. For a brief period in the 10th century, Ardabil was the principal city of Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan, but it was eventually replaced by Tabriz. Iran under the Safavids, by Roger Savory /Page 1/ (New York, 1980), in 286 bookmarked and searchable pdf pages, with map and illustrations. Scanned by Robert Bedrosian. Ardabil is known for its trade in silk and carpets. Ardabil rugs are renowned and the ancient Ardabil Carpet, Ardabil carpets are considered among the best of c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saveh
Saveh () is a city in the Central District of Saveh County, Markazi province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is about southwest of Tehran. History In the 7th century BC it was a stronghold of the Medes. During the Parthian rule of Persia, it was called Saavakineh, and was one of the main hubs of the empire. In the 11th century, it was a residence of the Daylamites and of the Seljuks. It was severely damaged by the Mongol invasion in the 13th century; it was restored during the Ilkhanids. Saveh was again sacked by the Timurids, but later grew under the Safavids. In the summer of 1725 the city was besieged and captured by the Afghans after a battle with Tahmasp Mirza. It eventually lost much of its importance when Tehran became the official capital of Persia and, in the mid-19th century, many of the inhabitants moved to Tehran. Demographics Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 179,009 in 48,2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arak, Iran
Arak (; ) is a city in the Central District of Arak County, Markazi province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. The city is nicknamed the "Industrial Capital of Iran". As a major industrial city, Arak hosts several industrial factories inside and within a few kilometers outside the city, including the factory of Machine Sazi Arak and the Iranian Aluminium Company. These factories produce nearly half of the needs of the country in the steel, petrochemical, and locomotive industries. Etymology Arâk The term ''Arâk'' remains from a name given to the region since the medieval period. It derives from Arabic '' al-ʿIrāq'', meaning "root", itself derived possibly from Akkadian ''Uruk'' (, ''Erech''). According to Ali Nourai, the word Arak has the same roots with the words Iran and Arran, and the name Iraq is an Arabicized Persian word. During the Seljuk era, a region comprising the whole territory of Media (northwestern Iran) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karaj
Karaj (; ) is a List of cities in Iran by province, city in the Central District (Karaj County), Central District of Karaj County, Alborz province, Alborz province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. Earliest evidence of inhabitation in Karaj can be dated to the Bronze Age at Tepe Khurvin. The city was developed under the rule of the Safavid Iran, Safavid and Qajar Iran, Qajar Empire and is home to historical buildings and memorials from those eras. This city has a unique climate due to access to natural resources such as many trees, rivers, and green plains. After Tehran, Karaj is the largest immigrant-friendly city in Iran, so it has been nicknamed "Little Iran." Although the county hosts a population around 1.97 million, as recorded in the 2016 census, most of the county is rugged mountain. The urban area is the fourth-largest in Iran, after Tehran, Mashhad, and Isfahan. Eshtehard County and Fardis County were split off from Karaj Coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Republic Party
The Islamic Republican Party (IRP; , also translated Islamic Republic Party) was formed in 1979 to assist the Iranian Revolution and Ayatollah Khomeini in their goal to establish theocracy in Iran. It was disbanded in 1987 due to internal conflicts. Founders and characteristics The party was formed just two weeks following the revolution upon the request of Ayatollah Khomeini. Five cofounders of the party were Mohammad Javad Bahonar, Mohammad Beheshti, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Ali Khamenei, and Abdolkarim Mousavi-Ardabili. Early members of the central committee of the party, in addition to founding members, were Hassan Ayat, Asadollah Badamchiyan, Abdullah Jasbi, Mir Hossein Mousavi, Habibollah Askar Oladi, Sayyed Mahmoud Kashani, Mahdi Araghi, and Ali Derakhshan. The party had three general secretaries: Beheshti, Bahonar and Khamenei. The party has been said to be distinguished by "its strong clerical component, its loyalty to Khomeini, its strong animosity to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
