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Movimiento Nacional De Liberación De Guinea Ecuatorial
The National Movement for the Liberation of Equatorial Guinea (Spanish: ''Movimiento Nacional de Liberación de Guinea Ecuatorial'', Monalige) is a political party in Equatorial Guinea founded by Acacio Mañé Ela. It was one of the first pro-independence political movements in Spanish Guinea, during the 1950s. History Beginning The Monalige was created in the early 1950s, although some sources suggest its creation date was in 1947 or 1948. At that period of time it was named National Crusade for the Liberation of Equatorial Guinea (Spanish: ''Cruzada Nacional de Liberación de Guinea Ecuatorial'', NCLEG). The NCLEG was led by Acacio Mañé Ela, who at that time developed a wide and profound popularity for his ideas of independence, carried out mainly among the most educated or prosperous social strata and individuals with social influence, such as teachers, administrators, farmers and catechists. Some of his most well-known supporters were Bubi Marcos Ropo Uri, Fang Enrique ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolfo Obiang Biko
Adolfo Obiang Biko (born 30 April 1940) is an author, politician and president of the National Liberation Movement of Equatorial Guinea (MONALIGE). He is known as an active participant and a leading freedom fighter in the struggle for independence of Equatorial Guinea from Spain. Early life Biko was born to Santiago Biko Ngwaza and Concha Esila Ndúa Obama. Biko's grandfather, Ngwa-Nzé or Ngwaza, was the paramount chief of the Fang people, Fang in what is now Equatorial Guinea's Río Muni, mainland around 1840. Ngwaza, along with King Bonkoro of Corisco, co-signed several trade treaties with the German, French, English and Spain authorities that led to their colonial presence in Río Muni for commercial purposes. The treaty ended on 12 October 1968, when Equatorial Guinea gained independence from Spain. Biko's great-grandfather, Obama-Nveiñg, was a notorious Fang-Atamakek chieftain and freedom fighter who battled against Spanish colonialism. Obama-Nveiñg was executed by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in his or her work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine. Sociology In the sociology of knowledge, a controversy over the boundaries of autonomy inhibited analysis of any concept beyond relative autonomy, until a typology of autonomy was created and developed within science and technology studies. According to it, the institution of science's existing autonom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African And Black Nationalist Parties In Africa
African or Africans may refer to: * Anything from or pertaining to the continent of Africa: ** People who are native to Africa, descendants of natives of Africa, or individuals who trace their ancestry to indigenous inhabitants of Africa *** List of ethnic groups of Africa *** Demographics of Africa *** African diaspora ** African, an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to the African Union ** Citizenship of the African Union ** Demographics of the African Union **Africanfuturism ** African art ** *** African jazz (other) ** African cuisine ** African culture ** African languages ** African music ** African Union ** African lion, a lion population in Africa Books and radio * ''The African'' (essay), a story by French author J. M. G. Le Clézio * ''The African'' (Conton novel), a novel by William Farquhar Conton * ''The African'' (Courlander novel), a novel by Harold Courlander * ''The Africans'' (radio program) Music * "African", a song by Peter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (; born 5 June 1942) is an Equatoguinean politician, former commissioned officer, military officer and dictator who has served as the second president of Equatorial Guinea since 1982. Previously, he was the Chairman of the Supreme Military Council (Equatorial Guinea), Supreme Military Council from 1979 to 1982. As of 2025, he is the List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office, longest consecutively serving current non-royal national leader in the world, followed by Paul Biya of Cameroon. After graduating from military school in Zaragoza, Spain, Obiang held multiple positions under the presidency of his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema, including director of the notorious Black Beach prison. He ousted Macías in a 1979 Equatorial Guinea coup d'état, military coup in 1979 and took control of the country as president and chairman of the Supreme Military Council (Equatorial Guinea), Supreme Military Council. After the country's nomina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United National Workers' Party
The United National Workers' Party (, PUNT) was a political party in Equatorial Guinea. It was the only political party in the country from 1970 to 1979, during the dictatorship of Francisco Macías Nguema. History The PUNT was created and led by Francisco Macías Nguema, former leader of the Popular Idea of Equatorial Guinea (IPGE) and, since the independence from Spain, President of Equatorial Guinea (confirmed by the 1968 general election). The party was officially founded on 7 July 1970 on the structure of the United National Party (, PUN), existing from January to February of that same year. The PUN was formed in January 1970, after Macías issued a decree suppressing all existing political parties in the country. Previously, in December 1968, Macías had already announced that there would soon be a single party to "unify ideas". Macías assumed the post of president for life of the PUNT, whose highest body was the Central Committee. The Central Committee consiste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interior Minister
An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a Cabinet (government), cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency management, supervision of regional and local governments, conduct of elections, public administration and immigration (including passport issuance) matters. This position is head of a department that is often called an interior ministry, a ministry of internal affairs or a ministry of home affairs. In some jurisdictions, there is no department called an "interior ministry", but the relevant responsibilities are allocated to other departments. Remit and role In some countries, the public security portfolio belongs to a separate ministry (under a title like "ministry of public order" or "ministry of security"), with the interior ministry being limited to control over local governments, public administration, election ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ángel Masié Ntutumu
Ángel Masié Ntutumu (1930 - 4 October 2020) was an Equatorial Guinean politician. Biography Ángel Masié Ntutumu is the brother of Miguel Eyegue, the Vice President of Equatorial Guinea from 1974 to 1976. A militant of the National Liberation Movement (''Movimiento Nacional de Liberación de Guinea Ecuatorial''; MONALIGE), Masié Ntutumu was appointed Minister of the Interior by President Francisco Macías Nguema after the , holding office until 1973. The following year he was appointed Minister of National Security, Deputy Minister of Health, and Presidential Secretary. He is considered to have been responsible for some repressive incidents on Bioko Island in 1974. In 1976 he fell into disgrace and went into exile in Spain. In 1979, he supported the 1979 coup d'état led by Teodoro Obiang from exile, and returned to the country. In 1981, Masié Ntutumu was involved in a supposed coup attempt with and . He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies for the Democratic Party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Foreign Affairs
In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support, including consular services, for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entity is usually headed by a foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (the title may vary, such as secretary of state who has the same functions). The foreign minister typically reports to the head of government (such as prime minister or president). Difference in titles In some nations, such as India, the foreign minister is referred to as the minister for external affairs; or others, such as Brazil and the states created from the former Soviet Union, call the position the minister of external relations. In the United States, the secretary of state is the member of the Cabinet who handles foreign relatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Assembly
In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the representatives of the nation." The population base represented by this name is manifestly the nation as a whole, as opposed to a geographically select population, such as that represented by a provincial assembly. The powers of a National Assembly vary according to the type of government. It may possess all the powers of government, generally governing by committee, or it may function solely within the legislative branch of the government. The name also must be distinguished from the concept. Conceptually such an institution may appear under variety of names, especially if "national assembly" is being used to translate foreign names of the same concept into English. Also, the degree to which the National Assembly speaks for the nation is a va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1968 Spanish Guinean General Election
General elections were held in Spanish Guinea on 22 September 1968 to elect a List of heads of state of Equatorial Guinea, President and Chamber of People's Representatives, National Assembly that would lead the country when it gained independence as Equatorial Guinea later that year. A Two-round system, second round of the presidential election was held on 29 September. Francisco Macías Nguema of the Popular Idea of Equatorial Guinea, Popular Idea led the field in the first round, advancing to a runoff with Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea, Prime Minister Bonifacio Ondó Edú. With the endorsement of eliminated candidates Atanasio Ndongo and Edmundo Bossio, Macías Nguema defeated Ondó Edú in the runoff. Ondó Edú's National Unity Movement of Equatorial Guinea, National Unity Movement and Ndongo's National Liberation Movement of Equatorial Guinea, National Liberation Movement won ten seats each in the National Assembly, while the Popular Idea won eight. Voter turnout was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1968 Equatorial Guinea Constitution
The Constitution of Equatorial Guinea of 1968, was promulgated with a view to the independence of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea on October 12, 1968. It is the first Constitution promulgated in Equatorial Guinea, in addition to being a text that enshrines liberal democracy, popular sovereignty, freedom of religion and the right of self-determination, when in Spain it is still the regime of Francisco Franco was in force. According to the text, Equatorial Guinea was configured as a sovereign, indivisible, democratic and social Republic, with a presidential system, the president being elected by direct and secret universal suffrage for a five-year term. Likewise, the Constitution ensured the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, based the political structure on the vote of all citizens and determined the separation of functions between the legislative, executive and judicial bodies. History In December 1966 the Spanish Council of Ministers agreed to prepare the Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Macías Nguema
Francisco Macías Nguema (born Mez-m Ngueme, later Africanisation, Africanised to Masie Nguema Biyogo Ñegue Ndong; 1 January 1924 – 29 September 1979), often referred to as Macías Nguema or simply Macías, was an Equatoguinean politician who served as the first president of Equatorial Guinea, president of Equatorial Guinea from the country's gaining of independence in 1968, until his overthrow in 1979. He is widely remembered as one of the most brutal dictators in history. As president, he exhibited bizarre and erratic behavior, to the point that many of his contemporaries believed he was insane. A member of the Fang people, Macías Nguema held numerous official positions under Spanish Guinea, Spanish colonial rule before 1968 Spanish Guinean general election, being elected the first president of the soon-to-be independent country in 1968. Early in his rule, he consolidated power by establishing an extreme cult of personality and a one-party state ruled by his United Nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
