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Monopolies In The Philippines (1965–1986)
During the administration of former Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos (1965–1986) select businesses were favored and patronized by Marcos, receiving financial support, sole patronage, tax exemptions, and control over entire industries rendering these businesses as monopolies. Friends and relatives of Marcos acquired staggering wealth and economic power due to special favors and privileges extended by the administration. While Marcos associates enjoyed government bailout even during the decline of their firms, other businesses suffered high taxes, sanctions, and other unjust treatments that forced them to close up, or to sell their shares. The majority of monopolies linked to Ferdinand Marcos are managed by his close associates, also regarded as cronies by critics. Former First Lady Imelda Marcos insinuated that the Marcoses controlled the majority of the industries in the Philippines. In a 1988 interview, she stated, "We practically own everything in the Philippines—fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of The Philippines
The president of the Philippines (, sometimes referred to as ) is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The president is Direct election, directly elected by the Filipinos, citizens of the Philippines and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the vice president of the Philippines. However, four vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having been elected to the office, by virtue of a president's intra-term death or resignation. Filipinos generally refer to their president as ''pangulo'' or ''presidente'' in their local language. The president is limited to a single six-year term. According to Article 7 Section 4 of the Philippine 1987 Constitution, the president "shall not be eligible for any reelection" and that, "no person who has succeeded as pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Negros Occidental
Negros Occidental (; ), officially the Province of Negros Occidental (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Negros, Negros Island. Its capital is the city of Bacolod, of which it is geographically situated and grouped under by the Philippine Statistics Authority, but remains politically independent from the provincial government and also one of the two regional centers in Negros Island Region (the other one is Dumaguete). It occupies the northwestern half of the large island of Negros (Philippines), Negros, and borders Negros Oriental, which comprises the southeastern half. Known as the "Sugarbowl of the Philippines", Negros Occidental produces more than half the nation's sugar output. Negros Occidental faces the island-province of Guimaras and the province of Iloilo on Panay Island to the northwest across Panay Gulf and the Guimaras Strait. The primary spoken language is Hiligaynon language, Hiligaynon and the predominant religious ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalinga People
The Kalinga people () are an indigenous ethnic group whose ancestral domain is in the Cordillera Mountain Range of the northern Philippines. They are mainly found in Kalinga province which has an area of 3,282.58 sq. km. Some of them, however, already migrated to Mountain Province, Apayao, Cagayan, and Abra. The Kalinga numbered 163,167 as of 2010. Sub-tribes In the past, various writers studying the Kalinga have sorted them into sub-tribes in various ways. Edward Dozier divided Kalinga geographically into three sub-cultures and geographical position: Balbalan (north); Pasil, Lubuagan, and Tinglayan (south); and Tanudan (east). Rev. Teodoro Llamzon, S.J. divided the Kalinga based on their dialects: Guinaang, Lubuagan, Punukpuk, Tabuk, Tinglayan, and Tanudan. Ronald Himes (1997) divides the Kalinga language into three dialects: Masadiit (in Abra), Northern Kalinga, and South-Central Kalinga. More recently, Kalinga author John Donqui-is, in an article published by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tingguians
The Itneg people also known as "Tinguian" or "Tingguian" are an Austronesian ethnic group indigenous to the Philippines. They are part of the broader Cordilleran or Igorot group, despite the Itnegs themselves not identifying as such. The Itneg primarily inhabit the Cordillera Administrative Region in northern Luzon, particularly in the provinces of Abra, Kalinga, Apayao, and Mountain Province. The group is further divided into nine distinct sub-groups. They are also present in the upland areas of the Ilocos Region, notably in Nueva Era, Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur. The Itneg are generally classified into two main groups. The ''valley Itneg'' form a homogeneous and concentrated population in the lower reaches of Abra, primarily engaged in wet rice cultivation. In contrast, the ''mountain Itneg'' inhabit higher elevations, relying on dry cultivation and root crops for subsistence. Further distinctions exist within the Itneg community, dividing them into nine subgroups: Adasen, Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalinga-Apayao
Kalinga-Apayao () was a province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in the island of Luzon. It was formed, along with Benguet, Ifugao, and the new Mountain Province, from the earlier Mountain Province, with the passage of ''Republic Act No. 4695'' in 1966. The said law was amended by ''RA No. 7878'' in 1995, which partitioned the province into modern Kalinga and Apayao. As part of a cult of personality, longtime President Ferdinand Marcos, Sr made gradual changes to the borders of Kalinga-Apayao over the course of his dictatorship, with the aim of making the outline of the province on a map resemble the silhouette of his own head facing towards his own native Ilocos Norte. The “Great Profile” was unfinished when Marcos was overthrown in 1986. History Before Mountain Province Prior to the establishment of the province, the sub-provinces of Kalinga and Apayao, upon their establishment through ''Act No. 1642'' in 1907, were used to be part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abra (province)
Abra, officially the Province of Abra (; ; ; ; ), is a province in the Cordillera Administrative Region of the Philippines. Its capital is the municipality of Bangued, the most populous in the province. It is bordered by Ilocos Norte on the northwest, Apayao on the northeast, Kalinga on the mid-east, Mountain Province on the southeast, and Ilocos Sur on the southwest. Etymology Abra is from the Spanish word ''abre'' meaning gorge, pass, breach or opening. It was first used by the Spaniards to denote the region above the Banaoang Gap where the Abra River exits into the South China Sea, thus the Rio Grande de Abra. History Early history The first inhabitants of Abra were the ancestors of the Bontocs and the Ifugaos. These inhabitants eventually left to settle in the old Mountain Province. Other early inhabitants were the Tinguians or Itnegs. Spanish colonial era In 1585, the Tinguians were mentioned for the first time in a letter from Father Domingo de Salazar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Miguel Corporation
San Miguel Corporation (), abbreviated as SMC, is a Philippine multinational conglomerate with headquarters in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila. The company is one of the largest and most diversified conglomerates in the Philippines. Originally founded in 1890 as a brewery, San Miguel has ventured beyond its core business, with investments in various sectors such as food and drink, finance, infrastructure, oil and energy, transportation, and real estate. Its flagship product, San Miguel Beer, is one of the best selling beers in the world. San Miguel's manufacturing operations have extended beyond its home market to areas such as Hong Kong, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, and Australia. In total, its products are exported to 60 markets around the world. History In 1889, a Manila businessman, Enrique María Barretto de Ycaza y Esteban, applied for a royal grant from Spain to establish a brewery in the Philippines. He was awarded the grant for a period of twenty yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Coconut Planters Bank
The United Coconut Planters Bank, more popularly known by its initials, UCPB, or by its old name, Cocobank, was a Filipino government-owned bank and was one of the largest banks in the Philippines, having ranked within the top twenty banks in the country in terms of assets. It was the only existing universal bank not listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange. The bank, owing to its name, catered heavily to coconut farmers, but also served a wide-ranging clientele. In July 2020, the Philippine government raised its stake with the bank to 97%, thus resulting for its conversion to a government controlled bank. Effective March 1, 2022, UCPB merged with Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP), with the latter as the surviving entity. As of February 1, 2024, UCPB Savings Bank still survives as a wholly-owned subsidiary of LBP as its thrift bank affiliate. It is however up for sale since October 2024.https://mb.com.ph/2024/10/6/landbank-sells-ucpb-savings-bankhttps://manilastandard.net/b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Coconut Authority
The Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA or PHILCOA; ) is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture (Philippines), Department of Agriculture (from 2014 to 2018, under the Office of the President of the Philippines and the Cabinet Secretariat of the Philippines, Office of the Cabinet Secretary) responsible for developing the coconut and other palm oil industry to its full potential in line with the new vision of a united, globally competitive and efficient industry. History The Philippine Coconut Authority was created pursuant to Presidential Decree 232 on June 30, 1973. It absorbed and assumed the powers and functions of the then Coconut Coordinating Council (CCC), the Philippine Coconut Administration (PHILCOA) and the Philippine Coconut Research Institute (PHILCORIN). Today, it is the sole government agency that is tasked to develop the industry to its full potential in line with the new vision of a united, globally competitive and efficient cocon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Ponce Enrile
Juan Valentin Furagganan Ponce Enrile Sr., (born Juan Valentin Furagganan; February 14, 1924), also referred to by his initials JPE, is a Filipino politician and lawyer who served as 21st President of the Senate of the Philippines from 2008 to 2013 and known for his role in the administration of Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos; his role in the failed coup that helped hasten the 1986 People Power Revolution and the ouster of Marcos; and his tenure in the Philippine legislature in the years after the revolution. Enrile has served four terms in the Senate, in a total of twenty-two years, one of the longest-tenures in the history of the upper chamber. In 2022, at the age of 98, he returned to government office as the Chief Presidential Legal Counsel in the administration of President Bongbong Marcos. Enrile was a protégé of President Ferdinand Marcos who served as Justice Secretary and Defense Minister during the Marcos administration. Enrile played a key role in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduardo Cojuangco Jr
Eduardo is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the male name Edward. Another version is Duarte. It may refer to: Association football * Dudu (footballer, born 1992) (Eduardo Pereira Rodrigues), Brazilian footballer * Eduardo (footballer, born 1993) (Carlos Eduardo Bendini Giusti), Brazilian centre back * Eduardo (footballer, born 12 November 1986) (Eduardo da Conceição Maciel), Brazilian forward * Eduardo (footballer, born 20 November 1986) (Carlos Eduardo Santos Oliveira), Brazilian right back * Eduardo (footballer, born 1979) (Eduardo Adelino da Silva), Brazilian footballer * Eduardo (footballer, born 1995) (Eduardo José da Rosa Milhomem), Brazilian defender * Eduardo (footballer, born 1997) (Eduardo Jacinto de Biasi), Brazilian defensive midfielder * Eduardo (footballer, born 2000) (Eduardo da Silva Albuquerque), Brazilian midfielder * Edu Coimbra (Eduardo Antunes Coimbra) (born 1947), Brazilian attacking midfielder and manager * Edu (footballer, born 1981) (Eduardo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
