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Modulation (European Union)
As part of its Agenda 2000 reforms, and effective 1 January 2000, EU member-countries may reduce (or modulate) direct aid to producers (by a maximum of 20%) in cases where: *the labour employed in a farm falls below a threshold set by national authorities; *the overall prosperity of the holding is above a certain limit; *and, the total payments granted under support programs exceed a limit set by national authorities. The savings that result and those from cross-compliance or econ-conditionality (observance of environmental criteria) may be used by the member countries to supplement EU funding for early retirement measures, payments for less favoured areas and areas subject to environmental restrictions, agri-environmental provisions, afforestation and rural development. Modulation is an essential element of the EU Commission The European Commission (EC) is the primary executive arm of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with a number of members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agenda 2000
Agenda 2000 was an action programme of the European Union whose main objectives were to reform the Common Agricultural Policy and Regional policy, and establish a new financial framework for the years 2000–06 with a view to the then upcoming Eastern Enlargement of the European Union. History Agenda 2000 was developed in response to a December 1995 request by the Madrid European Council for an analysis of what enlargement would mean for the EU, as ten countries — Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Cyprus, and Malta — would join. The report was presented in July 1997. Its stated goals were: # "to update the European Model of Agriculture" # "to narrow the gaps in wealth and economic prospects between regions" # "to honour priorities while enjoying only very modest increases in budget income until 2006" The reforms in Agenda 2000 divided the CAP into two 'Pillars': production support and rural development.Dinan 2005: 367 Build ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Member State Of The European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of Lists of member states of the European Union, 27 member states that are party to the EU's Treaties of the European Union, founding treaties, and thereby subject to the privileges and obligations of membership. They have agreed by the treaties to share their own sovereignty through the institutions of the European Union in certain aspects of government. State governments must agree unanimously in the Council of the European Union, Council for the union to adopt some policies; for others, collective decisions are made by qualified majority voting. These obligations and sharing of sovereignty within the EU (sometimes referred to as Supranational union, supranational) make it unique among international organisations, as it has established its own legal order which by the provisions of the founding treaties is Primacy of European Union law, both legally binding and supreme on all the member states (after Costa v ENEL, a land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EU Commission
The European Commission (EC) is the primary executive arm of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with a number of members of the Commission ( directorial system, informally known as "commissioners") corresponding to two thirds of the number of member states, unless the European Council, acting unanimously, decides to alter this number. The current number of commissioners is 27, including the president. It includes an administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants. The commission is divided into departments known as Directorates-General (DGs) that can be likened to departments or ministries each headed by a director-general who is responsible to a commissioner. Currently, there is one member per member state, but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state. The Commission president (currently Ursula von der Leyen) is proposed by the European Council ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
