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MiniMini
MiniMini+ is a Polish television channel owned and operated by Canal+ International. Its programmes are aimed primarily at children aged 3–8. History Before the launch of MiniMini, Minimax (now known as Teletoon+) launched a programming block for preschoolers, known as ''MiniKaruzela'', on 24 December 2000. MiniMini was launched on 20 December 2003 as a preschool channel by Cyfra+ Canal+ (formerly Cyfra+ and nc+) is a Polish satellite platform co-owned by Canal+, TVN and Liberty Global Liberty Global Ltd. is a British-Dutch-American multinational telecommunications company domiciled in Bermuda, with headquarters .... However, MiniKaruzela continued to be broadcast on Minimax until 10 April 2004, when some programmes were moved to MiniMini. On 11 November 2011, MiniMini became MiniMini+. In 2014, Canal+ Cyfrowy was integrated to ITI Neovision SA (bought in 2013 by the Canal+ Group). MiniMini+ has a mascot named Rybka, a happy sunshine yellow fish. Logos ...
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Teletoon+
Teletoon+ (stylised as teleTOON+; formerly Minimax and ZigZap) is a Polish television channel owned and operated by the Canal+ International through Canal+ Polska SA, available on Platforma Canal+. The channel targeted at children, carrying various animated films and television series. History After the original Minimax channel was replaced by Fox Kids in Spain on 15 November 1998, the current Central European iteration of Minimax began on 16 April 1999 When the channel was launched in Poland on Cyfra+. On 16 October 2004, the channel was renamed to ZigZap. However, Minimax continues to be broadcast in Hungary (since 6 December 1999), Romania, Moldova (since 1 June 2001), the Czech Republic, Slovakia (since 1 January 2004) and ex- Yugoslav countries (since 2007). On 1 October 2011, when all Canal+ channels in Poland were relaunched to bear the „+” suffix in their names, ZigZap was renamed Teletoon+, taking the name from the similarly named channel in France. The French T ...
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Canal+ S
Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface flow under atmospheric pressure, and can be thought of as artificial rivers. In most cases, a canal has a series of dams and locks that create reservoirs of low speed current flow. These reservoirs are referred to as ''slack water levels'', often just called ''levels''. A canal can be called a navigation canal when it parallels a natural river and shares part of the latter's discharges and drainage basin, and leverages its resources by building dams and locks to increase and lengthen its stretches of slack water levels while staying in its valley. A canal can cut across a drainage divide atop a ridge, generally requiring an external water source above the highest elevation. The best-known example of such a canal is the Panama Canal. Many can ...
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Platforma Canal+
Canal+ (formerly Cyfra+ and nc+) is a Polish satellite platform co-owned by Canal+, TVN and Liberty Global Liberty Global Ltd. is a British-Dutch-American multinational telecommunications company domiciled in Bermuda, with headquarters in London, Amsterdam and Denver. Its respective legal names are Liberty Global Holdings Limited (UK), Liberty Glo .... History On 1 November 2011, it was announced that ITI Group and Canal+ were now cooperating. Cyfra+ By 2010, Cyfra+ had 1.6 million subscribers. nc+ On 21 March 2013, Cyfra+ merged with the competing platform n to form nc+. Platforma Canal+ On 3 September 2019, nc+ rebranded as Platforma Canal+. References External links * Direct broadcast satellite services Television networks in Poland Telecommunications companies of Poland Platforma Polish companies established in 1998 Telecommunications companies established in 1998 {{Europe-tv-stub ...
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Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. Poland is composed of Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the List of European countries by area, fifth largest EU country by area, covering . The capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk. Prehistory and protohistory of Poland, Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Gla ...
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576i
576i is a standard-definition television, standard-definition digital video mode, originally used for Digitization, digitizing 625 lines, 625 line Analog television, analogue television in most countries of the world where the utility frequency for electric power distribution is 50 Hz. Because of its close association with the legacy colour encoding systems, it is often referred to as PAL#PAL region, PAL, PAL/SECAM or SECAM when compared to its 60 Hz (typically, see PAL-M) NTSC-colour-encoded counterpart, 480i. The ''576'' identifies a vertical resolution of 576 lines, and the ''i'' identifies it as an Interlaced video, interlaced resolution. The Refresh rate, field rate, which is 50 Hertz, Hz, is sometimes included when identifying the video mode, i.e. 576i50; another notation, endorsed by both the International Telecommunication Union in Rec. 601, BT.601 and SMPTE in SMPTE 259M, includes the frame rate, as in 576i/25. Operation In analogue television, the ...
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SDTV
Standard-definition television (SDTV; also standard definition or SD) is a television system that uses a resolution that is not considered to be either high or enhanced definition. ''Standard'' refers to offering a similar resolution to the analog broadcast systems used when it was introduced. History and characteristics SDTV originated from the need for a standard to digitize analog TV (defined in BT.601) and is now used for digital TV broadcasts and home appliances such as game consoles and DVD disc players. Digital SDTV broadcast eliminates the ghosting and noisy images associated with analog systems. However, if the reception has interference or is poor, where the error correction cannot compensate one will encounter various other artifacts such as image freezing, stuttering, or dropouts from missing intra-frames or blockiness from missing macroblocks. The audio encoding is the last to suffer a loss due to the lower bandwidth requirements. Standards that suppor ...
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1080i
In high-definition television (HDTV) and video display technology, 1080i is a video display format with 1080 lines of vertical resolution and Interlaced video, interlaced scanning method. This format was once a standard in HDTV. It was particularly used for broadcast television because it can deliver high-resolution images without needing excessive bandwidth. This format is used in the SMPTE 292M standard. Definition The number "1080" in 1080i refers to the number of horizontal lines that make up the vertical resolution of the display. Each of these lines contributes to the overall detail and clarity of the image. The letter "i" stands for Interlaced video, interlaced. This is a technique where the image is not displayed all at once. Instead, the frame is split into two fields. One field contains the odd-numbered lines, and the other field contains the even-numbered lines. These fields are displayed in rapid succession, giving the appearance of a full image to the human eye. The ...
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HDTV
High-definition television (HDTV) describes a television or video system which provides a substantially higher image resolution than the previous generation of technologies. The term has been used since at least 1933; in more recent times, it refers to the generation following standard-definition television (SDTV). It is the standard video format used in most broadcasts: Terrestrial television, terrestrial broadcast television, cable television, satellite television. Formats HDTV may be transmitted in various formats: * 720p (): 921,600 pixels * 1080i () interlaced scan: 1,036,800 pixels (≈1.04Mpx). * 1080p () progressive scan: 2,073,600 pixels (≈2.07Mpx). ** Some countries also use a non-standard CTA resolution, such as : 777,600 pixels (≈0.78Mpx) per field or 1,555,200 pixels (≈1.56Mpx) per frame When transmitted at two megapixels per frame, HDTV provides about five times as many pixels as SD (standard-definition television). The increased resolution provides for a cl ...
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Television
Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. Additionally, the term can refer to a physical television set rather than the medium of transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment, news, and sports. The medium is capable of more than "radio broadcasting", which refers to an audio signal sent to radio receivers. Television became available in crude experimental forms in the 1920s, but only after several years of further development was the new technology marketed to consumers. After World War II, an improved form of black-and-white television broadcasting became popular in the United Kingdom and the United States, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions. During the 1950s, television was the primary medium for influencing public opinion.Diggs-Brown, Barbara (2011''Strategic Public Relations: Audience Focused Practice''p. 48 In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was ...
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Minimax (TV Channel)
Minimax (sometimes Minmax, MM or saddle point) is a decision rule used in artificial intelligence, decision theory, combinatorial game theory, statistics, and philosophy for ''minimizing'' the possible loss for a worst case (''max''imum loss) scenario. When dealing with gains, it is referred to as "maximin" – to maximize the minimum gain. Originally formulated for several-player zero-sum game theory, covering both the cases where players take alternate moves and those where they make simultaneous moves, it has also been extended to more complex games and to general decision-making in the presence of uncertainty. Game theory In general games The maximin value is the highest value that the player can be sure to get without knowing the actions of the other players; equivalently, it is the lowest value the other players can force the player to receive when they know the player's action. Its formal definition is: :\underline = \max_ \min_ Where: * is the index of the pla ...
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Cyfra+
Canal+ (formerly Cyfra+ and nc+) is a Polish satellite platform co-owned by Canal+, TVN and Liberty Global Liberty Global Ltd. is a British-Dutch-American multinational telecommunications company domiciled in Bermuda, with headquarters in London, Amsterdam and Denver. Its respective legal names are Liberty Global Holdings Limited (UK), Liberty Glo .... History On 1 November 2011, it was announced that ITI Group and Canal+ were now cooperating. Cyfra+ By 2010, Cyfra+ had 1.6 million subscribers. nc+ On 21 March 2013, Cyfra+ merged with the competing platform n to form nc+. Platforma Canal+ On 3 September 2019, nc+ rebranded as Platforma Canal+. References External links * Direct broadcast satellite services Television networks in Poland Telecommunications companies of Poland Platforma Polish companies established in 1998 Telecommunications companies established in 1998 {{Europe-tv-stub ...
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Children's Television Networks
A child () is a human being between the stages of birth and puberty, or between the developmental period of infancy and puberty. The term may also refer to an unborn human being. In English-speaking countries, the legal definition of ''child'' generally refers to a minor, in this case as a person younger than the local age of majority (there are exceptions such as, for example, the consume and purchase of alcoholic beverage even after said age of majority), regardless of their physical, mental and sexual development as biological adults. Children generally have fewer rights and responsibilities than adults. They are generally classed as unable to make serious decisions. ''Child'' may also describe a relationship with a parent (such as sons and daughters of any age) or, metaphorically, an authority figure, or signify group membership in a clan, tribe, or religion; it can also signify being strongly affected by a specific time, place, or circumstance, as in "a child of nat ...
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