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Marie Françoise Bernard
Marie Françoise "Fanny" Bernard (née Martin) (16 September 1819 – 9 October 1901) was a French anti-vivisection campaigner and creator of an anti-vivisection society. She was the wife of the pioneer in experimental research in physiology, Claude Bernard. Background Marie Françoise Martin married Claude Bernard on Wednesday 7 May 1845, and it was her dowry from her father, a physician, that allowed him to pursue his studies under François Magendie at the Collège de France in Paris. They had three children—Jeanne-Henriette, Marie-Claude, and a son who died in infancy. Marie Françoise became opposed to her husband's research methods. Magendie, Claude Bernard and his fellow physiologists—men such as Charles Richet in France and Michael Foster (physiologist), Michael Foster in England—were strongly criticized for the vivisection they carried out on animals, particularly dogs. Anti-vivisectionists infiltrated Magendie's lectures in Paris, where he was dissecting dogs witho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vivisection
Vivisection () is surgery conducted for experimental purposes on a living organism, typically animals with a central nervous system, to view living internal structure. The word is, more broadly, used as a pejorative catch-all term for Animal testing#Definitions, experimentation on live animalsTansey, E.MReview of ''Vivisection in Historical Perspective'' by Nicholaas A. Rupke, book reviews, National Center for Biotechnology Information, p. 226. by organizations opposed to animal experimentation,Yarri, Donna''The Ethics of Animal Experimentation: A Critical Analysis and Constructive Christian Proposal'', Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 163. but the term is rarely used by practicing scientists. Human vivisection, such as live organ procurement, organ harvesting, has been perpetrated as a form of torture. Animal vivisection Regulations and laws Research requiring vivisection techniques that cannot be met through other means is often subject to an external ethics review in con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
