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Manifesto Of The 343
The Manifesto of the 343 Women () is a French petition penned by Simone de Beauvoir, and signed by 343 women, all publicly declaring that they had had an illegal abortion. The manifesto was published under the title, "" (), on 5 April 1971, in issue 334 of '' Le Nouvel Observateur'', a social democratic French weekly magazine. The piece was the sole topic on the magazine cover. At the time, abortion was illegal in France, and by admitting publicly to having aborted, women exposed themselves to criminal prosecution. The manifesto called for the legalization of abortion and free access to contraception. It paved the way for the " Veil Act" — named for Health Minister Simone Veil — which repealed the penalty for voluntarily terminating a pregnancy. The law was passed in December 1974 and January 1975, and afforded women the ability to abort during the first ten weeks (later extended to fourteen weeks). Background Following the Liberation of Paris in 1944, the death penalty for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simone De Beauvoir
Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir (, ; ; 9 January 1908 – 14 April 1986) was a French existentialist philosopher, writer, social theorist, and feminist activist. Though she did not consider herself a philosopher, nor was she considered one at the time of her death, she had a significant influence on both feminist existentialism and feminist theory. Beauvoir wrote novels, essays, short stories, biographies, autobiographies, and monographs on philosophy, politics, and social issues. She was best known for her "trailblazing work in feminist philosophy", '' The Second Sex'' (1949), a detailed analysis of women's oppression and a foundational tract of contemporary feminism. She was also known for her novels, the most famous of which were '' She Came to Stay'' (1943) and '' The Mandarins'' (1954). Her most enduring contribution to literature are her memoirs, notably the first volume, ''Mémoires d'une jeune fille rangée'' (1958). She received the 1954 Prix Gonc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contraception
Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent pregnancy. Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth control only became available in the 20th century. Planning, making available, and using human birth control is called family planning. Some cultures limit or discourage access to birth control because they consider it to be morally, religiously, or politically undesirable. The World Health Organization and United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provide guidance on the safety of birth control methods among women with specific medical conditions. The most effective methods of birth control are sterilization by means of vasectomy in males and tubal ligation in females, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and contraceptive implant, implantable birth control. This is followed by a number of hormonal contraceptive, hormone-based methods includin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lila De Nobili
Lila De Nobili (September 3, 1916 – February 19, 2002) was an Italian stage designer, costume designer, and fashion illustrator. She was noted for her collaborations with leading stage and opera directors such as Luchino Visconti and Franco Zeffirelli, as well as her early work on fashion illustration at French'' Vogue'' magazine. Personal Lila De Nobili was born in Castagnola (Lugano). Her father was the Marquis Prospero de Nobili from an aristocratic Ligurian and Tuscan family and her mother, Dola Berta Vertès, was from a Jewish Hungarian family. Her uncle was the painter and Academy Award-winning costume designer Marcel Vertès, who painted Lila as a child. In the 1930s, she studied with the artist Ferruccio Ferrazzi at the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome. One of her own pupils was the costume designer and director, Christine Edzard, with whom she had a lifelong friendship and collaboration. She settled in Paris in 1943, and this would be her home for most of her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneviève Cluny
Geneviève Cluny (born 18 April 1928) is a former French film actress. She appeared in both French New Wave films as well as popular mainstream commercial productions during the 1950s and 1960s. She is credited for the basic idea on which Jean-Luc Godard's '' A Woman Is a Woman'' was based.Marie p. 74 Selected filmography * '' My Priest Among the Poor'' (1956) * '' A Friend of the Family'' (1957) * '' Les Cousins'' (1959) * '' The Love Game'' (1960) * '' The Joker'' (1960) * ''The Merry Widow ''The Merry Widow'' ( ) is an operetta by the Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian composer Franz Lehár. The Libretto, librettists, Viktor Léon and Leo Stein (writer), Leo Stein, based the story – concerning a rich widow, and her countrymen's ...'' (1962) * '' People in Luck'' (1963) * '' If You Go Swimming in Tenerife'' (1964) * '' Agent 505: Death Trap in Beirut'' (1965) * '' House of Cards'' (1968) References Bibliography * Marie, Michel. ''The French New Wave: An Artistic School ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iris Clert
Iris Clert (; Iris Athanasiadi; 1917 – 1986) was a Greek-born art gallery owner and curator. She owned the Iris Clert Gallery in Paris from 1955 to 1971. During its tenure, her gallery became an avant-garde hotspot in the international art scene, particularly to Yves Klein, Jean Tinguely and Arman. Originally of Greek nationality, Clert moved to Paris in the 1930s. She became active in the French Resistance during the Second World War. In 1961, Clert invited Robert Rauschenberg, who would become one of the forerunners of the Neo-Dada movement, to participate in an exhibition at the gallery, in which artists were to create and display a portrait of Clert. Rauschenberg proceeded to send a telegram to the Gallery, containing the words "This is a portrait of Iris Clert if I say so/ Robert Rauschenberg". This turned out to be a seminal piece for Rauschenberg, signifying a step away from the Dadaist work of Marcel Duchamp Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (, ; ; 28 July 1887 – 2 Octo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catherine Claude
Catherine Claude (23 December 1924 — 23 August 2000), ''nom de plume'' of Catherine Piermont, née Jeanne Guillaud, was a French novelist, essayist and literary critic, and former president of the Writers' Union of France. Biography Youth Jeanne Guillaud's parents met in the French Communist Party, and her childhood was shaped by her parents' continued engagement with the party. After the onset of the Spanish Civil War, her father joined the International Brigades in 1936, dying the following year at the Battle of Teruel. After the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans were defeated, a young Spanish refugee lived with Guillaud and her mother until World War II. World War II She studied at Lycée Stendhal in Grenoble. She was close to her French teacher, Colette Audry (1906-1990), who published several novels after the war and whose influence probably played a role in her vocation as a writer. She joined the French Resistance in 1943 in the Main-d'œuvre imm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loleh Bellon
Marie Laure Viole Bellon, generally known as Loleh Bellon (1925–1999), was a French stage and film actress, as well as a playwright. In 1949, for her role in Robert Desnos' ''La Place de l'Étoile'', she was awarded the ''Prix des Jeunes comédiens''. She is remembered for her performances in Giraudoux' ''Judith'', and in Paul Claudel, Claudel's ''L'Annonce faite à Marie''. Bellon was also a successful playwright, especially with ''Dames du jeudi'' (1976), ''Une absence'' (1988), and ''La Chambre d'amis'' (1995). For her play ''L'Éloignement'' (1987), she was awarded the Molière Award, Molière prize. Early life and family Born on 14 May 1925 in Bayonne, Marie Laure Viole Bellon was the daughter of Jacques Bellon, a magistrate, and Denise Bellon, Denise Simone Hulmann, a well-known photographer. In 1947, she married the Spanish writer Jorge Semprún, Jorge Semprún Maura (1923–2011), with whom she gave birth to Jaime Semprún (1947–2010), also a writer. Following a divorce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hélène De Beauvoir
Henriette-Hélène de Beauvoir (; 6 June 1910 – 1 July 2001) was a French painter. She was the younger sister of philosopher Simone de Beauvoir. During World War II she received a visa in Bordeaux from Portuguese consul general Aristides de Sousa Mendes which enabled her to cross into Portugal and stay there. Her art was exhibited in Europe, Japan, and the US. She married Lionel de Roulet. When Hélène de Beauvoir lived in Goxwiller, a village near Strasbourg, she became president of the center for battered women. She continued painting until she was 85. Many of her paintings were related to feminist philosophy and women's issues. In January 2025, art dealer Amar Singh staged the first UK solo exhibition of Hélène de Beauvoir's work at Amar Gallery. Harper's Bazaar writing about the exhibition stated "The show offers a mere glimpse through the keyhole of her expansive artistry, but it’s the most we’ve ever seen of de Beauvoir in this country: jewel-like landscapes, te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tina Aumont
Maria Christina "Tina" Aumont (February 14, 1946 – October 28, 2006) was a French and American actress. She was the daughter of French actor Jean-Pierre Aumont and Dominican actress Maria Montez. She made her acting debut in the British film ''Modesty Blaise'' (1966), but later had a prominent career as a leading lady in Italian films. Career Aumont was billed as Tina Marquand (her married name, after she married French actor Christian Marquand, aged 17, in 1963) in four films, including Joseph Losey's ''Modesty Blaise'' (1966). She was photographed by Angelo Frontoni ( it) in 1968, when she had ankle/floor length hair, and some semi-nude pictures from this session were published in ''Playboy'' in 1969. She worked in Italian cinema with, among others, Alberto Sordi ('' Scusi, lei è favorevole o contrario?'', 1966), Tinto Brass ('' The Howl'', 1970 and '' Salon Kitty'', 1975), Sergio Martino (''Torso'', 1973), Mauro Bolognini ('' Drama of the Rich'', 1974), Francesco Ros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colette Audry
Colette Audry (6 July 1906 – 20 October 1990) was a French novelist, screenwriter, and critic. Audry was born in Orange, Vaucluse. She won the Prix Médicis for the autobiographical novel Derrière la baignoire (Behind the Bathtub). As a screenwriter she first gained acclaim for ''The Battle for the Railway'' and also wrote for her sister Jacqueline. In politics she was a member of the Anti-Stalinist left (she was a member of the Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party) and an associate to Simone de Beauvoir. She died at Issy-les-Moulineaux, aged 84. Biography Born into a Protestantism family that had distanced itself from religion, Colette Audry's mother was Inès Combes, grand-niece of Gaston Doumergue. After her father, Charles Audry, who was close to socialist circles, joined the prefectural administration, she and her younger sister Jacqueline Audry spent part of their childhood in various postings: first in Nice, then in Ardèche in 1914, and finally in Côtes-du-Nord in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stéphane Audran
Stéphane Audran (born Colette Suzanne Jeannine Dacheville; 8 November 1932 – 27 March 2018) was a French film actress. She was known for her performances in the films of her husband Claude Chabrol, including '' Les Biches'' (1968) and '' Le Boucher'' (1970), Luis Buñuel's ''The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie'' (1972), and Gabriel Axel's ''Babette's Feast'' (1987). The role she was mostly associated with was that of the haughty bourgeois woman. Biography Audran was born in Versailles and raised by her mother after her father, a doctor, died when she was six years old. A graduate of the Lycée Lamartine, she studied drama at the Ecole de théâtre Charles Dullin in Paris. She first appeared on stage, though with little success, and gave her film debut in the 1957 short film ''Le jeu de la nuit''. Her first collaboration with director Chabrol was the 1959 '' Les Cousins'', with whom she would make a total of 25 films. Having previously been married to actor Jean-Louis Trintign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brigitte Auber
Brigitte Auber (; born Marie-Claire Cahen de Labzac , 27 April 1925) is a French actress who has worked on stage, film and television in Europe. Career Marie-Claire Cahen de Labzac was born in Paris on 27 April 1925.Michel Bracquart, ''Le Vrai Nom des stars'' M.A. éditions, 1989, p.32 (Consulté le 06/09/2020) She began her film career with the leading role in 's '' Rendezvous in July'' (1949), and was known for roles in French films of the 1950s, including |
