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Malaysia–Thailand Joint Development Area
The Malaysia–Thailand Joint Development Area is a 7,250 km square area in the Gulf of Thailand which was created as an interim measure to exploit the natural resources in the seabed or continental shelf claimed by the two countries and to share the proceeds equally. The arrangement does not extinguish the legal right to claims by both countries over the area. This is one of the first applications of the joint development a memorandum of understanding on 21 February 1979 in Chiang Mai, Thailand for the establishment of the joint development area and authority to administer the area. This was followed by an agreement to constitute the joint development authority on 30 May 1990 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As of the end of 2007, approximately 8.5 trillion standard cubic feet of gas reserves (proved and probable) from twenty two fields in the area have been discovered. Gas production from the Cakerawala gas field began on 2 January 2005. The area The joint development area basic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulf Of Thailand
The Gulf of Thailand (), historically known as the Gulf of Siam (), is a shallow inlet adjacent to the southwestern South China Sea, bounded between the southwestern shores of the Indochinese Peninsula and the northern half of the Malay Peninsula. It is around in length and up to in width, and has a surface area of . The gulf is surrounded on the north, west and southwest by the coastlines of Thailand (hence the name), on the northeast by Cambodia and the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam, and opens to the South China Sea in the southeast. Names The modern Thai language, Thai name of the gulf is ''Ao Thai'' (, , 'Thai Gulf') and "Gulf of Thailand" has been adopted as the official name of the body by the International Hydrographic Organization. Its name in Malay language, Malay is "Gulf of Siam", ''Teluk Siam'' or in Jawi script: , and in '', Chhoung Samut Siem''. In Thai, the gulf is historically known as ''Ao Sayam'' (). In Vietnamese language, Vietnamese it is known as ''Vịn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Territorial Waters
Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf (these components are sometimes collectively called the maritime zones). In a narrower sense, the term is often used as a synonym for the territorial sea. Vessels have different rights and duties when passing through each area defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), one of the most ratified treaties. States cannot exercise their jurisdiction in waters beyond the exclusive economic zone, which are known as the high seas. Baseline Normally, the baseline is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts that the coastal state recognizes. This is either the low-water mark closest to the shore or an unlimited distance from permanently exposed land, provided that some portion of elevations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaysia–Thailand Border
The Malaysia–Thailand border divides the sovereign states of Malaysia and Thailand and consists of a land boundary running for 595 km (370 mi) across the Malay Peninsula and maritime boundaries in the Straits of Malacca and the Gulf of Thailand/South China Sea. The Golok River forms the easternmost 95 km stretch of the land border. The land border is based on the 1909 treaty between Thailand (then known as Siam), and the British which had started to exert its influence over the northern Malay states of Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis, and Terengganu in the early 20th century, states which were previously under Siamese control. Currently, the bilateral border passes through four Malaysian states (Kedah, Kelantan, Perak, and Perlis) and four Thai provinces (Narathiwat, Satun, Songkhla, and Yala). Malaysia and Thailand have territorial sea and continental shelf boundary agreements for the Straits of Malacca which were signed in 1979 and 1971, respectively. The 1979 agreement also in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaysia–Vietnam Border
Malaysia and Vietnam are two Southeast Asian countries with maritime boundaries which meet in the Gulf of Thailand and South China Sea. The two countries have overlapping claims over the continental shelf in the Gulf of Thailand. Both countries have, however, come to an agreement to jointly exploit the natural resources in the disputed area pending resolution of the dispute over sovereignty. In the South China Sea, Malaysia and Vietnam are involved in the multi-national claims over some of the Spratly Islands and adjacent waters. The border and disputes Gulf of Thailand Both Malaysia and Vietnam have overlapping claims over the seabed in the Gulf of Thailand. There is currently no boundary agreement between the two countries. The continental shelf claim limit of the two countries do not coincide because of the different maritime baselines each country uses to calculate the equidistant line. This has resulted in an area of overlapping claims. The Vietnamese continental shelf li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PTT Exploration And Production
PTT Exploration and Production Public Company Limited (), also known as PTTEP, is a national petroleum exploration and production company based in Thailand. It is a subsidiary of the state-owned PTT Public Company Limited PTT Public Company Limited or simply PTT () is a Thai Government-owned corporation, state-owned Stock Exchange of Thailand, SET-listed oil and natural gas, gas company. Formerly known as the Petroleum Authority of Thailand, it owns extensive sub .... The company was founded on 20 June 1985. PTTEP’s core business is petroleum exploration and production of in Thailand and foreign countries. As of June 30, 2018, PTTEP Group had 40 petroleum exploration and production projects in 11 countries; 16 projects in Thailand, 15 projects in Southeast Asia, 5 projects in Americas, 3 projects in Africa and 1 project in Australia. Products and Services * Petroleum including petroleum, crude, natural gas, condensate, liquified petroleum gas (LPG). * Gas Transportation Pi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Songkhla
Songkhla (, ), also known as Singgora or Singora (Kelantan-Pattani Malay, Pattani Malay: ซิงกอรอ, Singoro), is a city (''thesaban nakhon'') in Songkhla Province of southern Thailand, near the border with Malaysia. Songkhla lies south of Bangkok and as of 2020 had a population of 61,758. Despite being smaller than the neighboring city Hat Yai, Songkhla is the capital of Songkhla Province as well as the Mueang Songkhla District (Songkhla town district). Together with Hat Yai, Songkhla is part of the Greater Hat Yai-Songkhla Metropolitan Area (a conurbation with a population of around 800,000), the third largest metropolitan area in Thailand. At the opening of Songkhla Lake to the Gulf of Thailand, Songkhla is a fishing town and also an important harbour. It is the major seaport on the east side of the Isthmus of Kra. History The name ''Songkhla'' means 'the city of lions' (not to be confused with Kingdom of Singapura, Singapura) and is the Thai language, T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur (KL), officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, is the capital city and a Federal Territories of Malaysia, federal territory of Malaysia. It is the largest city in the country, covering an area of with a census population of 2,075,600 . Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 8.8 million people as of 2024. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia, both in population and economic development. The city serves as the cultural, financial, tourism, political and economic centre of Malaysia. It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia, Malaysian parliament (consisting of the Dewan Rakyat and the Dewan Negara) and the Istana Negara, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim, Istana Negara, the official residence of the King of Malaysia, monarch (''Yang di-Pertuan Agong''). Kuala Lumpur was first developed around 1857 as a town serving the tin mining, tin mines of the region, and important figures such as Ya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula and East Malaysia on the island of Borneo. Peninsular Malaysia shares land and maritime Malaysia–Thailand border, borders with Thailand, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia; East Malaysia shares land borders with Brunei and Indonesia, and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the country's national capital, List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population, largest city, and the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia, legislative branch of the Government of Malaysia, federal government, while Putrajaya is the federal administrative capi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petronas
Petroliam Nasional Berhad, commonly known as PETRONAS (stylised in all caps), is a Malaysian Multinational corporation, multinational petroleum, oil and natural gas, gas company headquartered in Kuala Lumpur. Established in 1974, it is a legal entity incorporated under the Companies Act 1965, Malaysian Companies Act 1965 and reports to the company's Board of Directors. Petronas is vested with all oil and gas resources in Malaysia and is entrusted with the responsibility of developing and adding value to these resources. Petronas is a Vertical integration, vertically integrated company and actively in all areas of the oil and gas industry, including Hydrocarbon exploration, exploration and Extraction of petroleum, extraction, refining, Midstream, distribution and marketing, power generation, and Trade, trading. Petronas has operations in over 100 countries and has sales office in 22 countries, produced around 9 billion Barrel of oil equivalent, barrels of oil equivalent and 50 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilawan Mangklatanakul
Vilawan Mangklatanakul (; born 1964) is a Thai lawyer and diplomat at Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand. She joined the Foreign Service in 1995 and currently serves as Deputy Permanent Secretary for Foreign Affairs. In November 2021, Mangklatanakul was elected as one of the International Law Commission (ILC) Members for the term 2023–2027, making her the first Thai woman national and international lawyer from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region to serve the position. Early life and education Vilawan Mangklatanakul was born on 13 July 1964 in Thailand. Having graduated from Thammasat University with a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.), she continued her study in International Business Law and later received a Master of Laws (LL.M.) at Queen Mary College, University of London. In 1997, she completed her Doctor of Philosophy in Law (Ph.D.) at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, the University of London. Academic career Mangklatanakul started her ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard Temperature And Pressure
Standard temperature and pressure (STP) or standard conditions for temperature and pressure are various standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements used to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data. The most used standards are those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), although these are not universally accepted. Other organizations have established a variety of other definitions. In industry and commerce, the standard conditions for temperature and pressure are often necessary for expressing the volumes of gases and liquids and related quantities such as the rate of volumetric flow (the volumes of gases vary significantly with temperature and pressure): standard cubic meters per second (Sm3/s), and normal cubic meters per second (Nm3/s). Many technical publications (books, journals, advertisements for equipment and machinery) simply state "standard cond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint Development Areas
A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made between bones, ossicles, or other hard structures in the body which link an animal's skeletal system into a functional whole.Saladin, Ken. Anatomy & Physiology. 7th ed. McGraw-Hill Connect. Webp.274/ref> They are constructed to allow for different degrees and types of movement. Some joints, such as the knee, elbow, and shoulder, are self-lubricating, almost frictionless, and are able to withstand compression and maintain heavy loads while still executing smooth and precise movements. Other joints such as sutures between the bones of the skull permit very little movement (only during birth) in order to protect the brain and the sense organs. The connection between a tooth and the jawbone is also called a joint, and is described as a fibrous joint known as a gomphosis. Joints are classified both structurally and functionally. Joints play a vital role in the human body, contributing to movement, stability, and ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
