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MS Estonia
MS ''Estonia'' was a car-passenger ferry built in 1980 for the Finnish shipping company Rederi Ab Sally by Meyer Werft, in Papenburg, West Germany. She was deployed on ferry routes between Finland and Sweden by various companies (first Viking Line, then EffJohn) until the end of January 1993, when she was sold to Nordström & Thulin for use on Estline's Tallinn–Stockholm route. The ship's sinking on 28 September 1994, in the Baltic Sea between Sweden, Finland and Estonia, was one of the worst peacetime maritime disasters of the 20th century, claiming 852 lives. An official inquiry found that failure of the locks on the bow visor caused water to flood the car deck and quickly capsize the ship. The report also noted a lack of crew action. A 2023 investigation noted additional construction flaws in the bow visor. Construction The ship was originally ordered from the Meyer Werft shipyard in Papenburg, Germany by a Norwegian shipping company led by Parley Augustsen with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rederi Ab Sally
Rederi Ab Sally was a Finnish shipping company founded in 1937 by Algot Johansson. The company began as a tanker operator and later became a prominent member of the Viking Line consortium. In 1987, Effoa and Johnson Line, owners of rival Silja Line, acquired Sally. The company finally merged with its parent companies in 1990 to form EffJohn. History and operations Sally started with tanker operations before expanding into passenger ferries and cruise ships. The company was a founding member of the Viking Line consortium in 1966 and remained with the group for over two decades. Following the 1987 acquisition by Silja Line's owners, the other Viking Line partners— Rederi AB Slite and SF Line—required Sally to exit the consortium. Subsidiaries Sally owned several notable subsidiaries throughout its history: * ''Rederi Ab Vikinglinjen'' / ''Rederi Ab Solstad'' – founded 1959, acquired 1963, later merged into Sally in the 1970s * Commodore Cruise Line – acquired ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MAN Diesel
MAN Diesel SE was a German manufacturer of large-bore diesel engines for marine propulsion systems and power plant applications. In 2010 it was merged with MAN Turbo to form MAN Diesel & Turbo. History In 1980 MAN acquired the Burmeister & Wain Danish shipyard and diesel engine producer. Though engine production at Christianshavn was discontinued in 1987, successful engine programs were rolled out. At Teglholmen in 1988 a spare parts and key components production factory was established, as was an R&D centre at the same site in 1992. Though all Copenhagen operations were consolidated at Teglholmen in 1994 and the last volume production unit at the B&W Shipyard was delivered in 1996, in 2000 MAN B&W Diesel two-stroke diesel engines had over 70% market share, with a substantial number of MC-line engines on order. The electronically controlled line of ME diesel two-stroke engines was added in 2002 with a maximum cylinder bore of 108 cm. MAN B&W Diesel, Denmark, employed appr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wärtsilä
Wärtsilä Oyj Abp (), trading internationally as Wärtsilä Corporation, is a Finnish corporation, Finnish company which manufactures and services power sources and other equipment in the Marine propulsion, marine and energy markets. The core products of Wärtsilä include technologies for the energy sector, including gas, multi-fuel, liquid fuel and biofuel power plants and energy storage systems; and technologies for the marine sector, including cruise ships, ferries, fishing vessels, merchant ships, navy ships, special vessels, tugs, yachts and offshore vessels. Ship design capabilities include ferries, tugs, and vessels for the fishing, merchant, offshore and special segments. Services offerings include online services, underwater services, turbocharger services, and also services for the marine, energy, and oil and gas markets. At the end of December 2023, the company employed 17,800 workers. Wärtsilä has two main businesses; Energy Business focusing on the energy marke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MS Viking Song
MS ''Regina Baltica'' is a cruiseferry owned by the Spanish shipping company Baleària, Balearia. She was built in 1980 as ''Viking Song'' by Wärtsilä Perno shipyard, Finland for Rederi Ab Sally, one of the owners of the Viking Line consortium. She has also sailed under the names ''Braemar'' (for Fred Olsen Lines) and ''Anna Karenina'' (for Baltic Shipping Co.). History Viking Line and Fred. Olsen service Delivered in August 1980, ''Viking Song'' was the last newbuilding delivered to Rederi Ab Sally for use on Viking Line's routes. She served alongside her sister MS Viking Saga, ''Viking Saga'' on the route connecting Helsinki, Finland to Stockholm. Although she was the newer of the two ships, when SF Line brought their new MS Mariella, ''Mariella'' to Helsinki–Stockholm service in 1985, the ''Viking Song'' was withdrawn from service and sold to Norwegian Fred. Olsen Lines. After rebuilding at Blohm + Voss, Hamburg where a second storey was added to her nightclub, ''Viking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celestyal Crystal
''Celestyal Crystal'' was a cruise ship, operated between 2007 and 2023 by the Cyprus-based Louis Group's Louis Cruise Lines and Celestyal Cruises. The ship was originally built as the cruiseferry ''Viking Saga'' in the 1980 at Wärtsilä Perno Shipyard and Turku Shipyard, Turku, Finland for Rederi Ab Sally. In 1986 she was renamed ''Sally Albatross'', and rebuilt into a cruise ship the following year. The ship was destroyed by a fire in 1990, and completely rebuilt at Finnyards, Rauma, Finland. She was re-delivered in 1992, still named ''Sally Albatross''. After partially sinking 1994 she was rebuilt at Industrie Navali Meccaniche Affini, La Spezia, Italy, re-entering service as ''Leeward'' for Norwegian Cruise Line. Subsequently she sailed as ''SuperStar Taurus'' for Star Cruises, ''Silja Opera'' for Silja Line. After being temporarily renamed ''Opera'' she was in service with Louis Group as ''Louis Cristal'' and later ''Celestyal Crystal''. History ''Viking Saga'' The ship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MS Diana II
MS ''Bluefort'' was an accommodation vessel owned by the Canadian-based company Bridgemans Services Group LP. She was built in 1979 as a car/passenger ferry by Meyer Werft, Papenburg, Germany as ''Diana II av Slite'' for Rederi AB Slite for use in Viking Line's traffic. She has also sailed under the names ''Diana II'', ''Vironia'', ''Mare Balticum'', ''Meloodia'' and ''ARV 1''. Background Tonnage war in the Baltic Rederi AB Slite had great success with their first generation of car and passenger ferries servicing between Sweden and Finland and by the late 1970s the growing market demanded larger ships. Slite's first route within the Viking Line marketing company had been that between Kapellskär and Naantali but this route had since been clogged with Viking Line ships and received competition from Silja Line's similar service between Norrtälje and Turku. As a first step to find new markets, Rederi AB Slite had sold their merely six years old ''Apollo'' in 1976 and replaced he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SF Line
SF Line was the name of the Finland, Finnish shipping company now known as Viking Line. The company, originally named Rederi Ab Ålandsfärjan, was one of three shipping companies that formed shipping marketing company Viking Line in 1966, the other two being Rederi Ab Vikinglinjen and Rederi AB Slite. After the other companies left Viking Line in 1988 and 1993 respectively, SF Line stood as the sole owner of Viking Line. As a result, SF Line changed its name to Viking Line in 1995. History Rederi Ab Vikinglinjen (later Rederi Ab Solstad and merged into Rederi Ab Sally in 1970) was founded in 1959 and started ferry operations between Gräddö (Sweden) and Korppoo (Finland). The ship used was a ro-ro vessel ''Viking'', which the company acquired in 1959 from a previous owner. The ship was originally known as ''Dinard'' before being renamed to ''Viking''. After a disagreement between the founders, a group of men led by Gunnar Eklund left Rederi Ab Vikinglinjen and started a new co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total population of over 84 million in an area of , making it the most populous member state of the European Union. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The Capital of Germany, nation's capital and List of cities in Germany by population, most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Settlement in the territory of modern Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic peoples, Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bow Visor
A bow visor is a feature of some ships, in particular ferries and roll-on/roll-off ships, that allows the Bow (ship), bow to articulate up and down, providing access to the cargo ramp and storage deck near the water line. However, in modern ferry design over the last 45 years, bow visors have given way to clam doors. Instead of one large visor, two halves open horizontally to reveal the loading ramp and deck. These are believed to be safer than bow visor doors, as in a bow visor door, the forces acting on the door from the impact of the waves are absorbed by the hinges and locks, which may fail. With clam doors, the forces of the waves are absorbed by the surrounding bow superstructure. Furthermore, on seagoing vessels there should be inner bow doors or 'collision bulkhead doors' in place behind the loading ramp. These doors are an upper extension of the collision bulkhead and act as a secondary barrier against water entering the car deck, should the primary bow door(s) fail. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maritime Disasters
The list of maritime disasters is a link page for maritime disasters by century. For a unified list of peacetime disasters by death toll, see . Pre-18th century Peacetime disasters All ships are vulnerable to problems from weather conditions, faulty design or human error. Some of the disasters below occurred during periods of conflict, although their losses were unrelated to any military action. The table listings are in decreasing order of the magnitude of casualties. Wartime disasters Disasters with great loss of life can occur in times of armed conflict. Shown below are some of the known events with major losses. 18th century 19th century 20th century World War I World War II 21st century See also * Shipwreck * List of shipwrecks * List of disasters * List of accidents and disasters by death toll This is a list of accidents and disasters by death toll. It shows the number of fatalities associated with various explosions, structural fires ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the world's largest brackish water basin. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 10°E to 30°E longitude. It is a Continental shelf#Shelf seas, shelf sea and marginal sea of the Atlantic with limited water exchange between the two, making it an inland sea. The Baltic Sea drains through the Danish straits into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, Great Belt and Little Belt. It includes the Gulf of Bothnia (divided into the Bothnian Bay and the Bothnian Sea), the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga and the Bay of Gdańsk. The "Baltic Proper" is bordered on its northern edge, at latitude 60°N, by Åland and the Gulf of Bothnia, on its northeastern edge by the Gulf of Finland, on its eastern edge by the Gulf of Riga, and in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinking Of The MS Estonia
, a cruiseferry built in 1980, sank on Wednesday, 28 September 1994, between about 00:50 and 01:50 (UTC+2) as the ship was crossing the Baltic Sea, en route from Tallinn, Estonia, to Stockholm, Sweden. The sinking was one of the worst maritime disasters of the 20th century.Boesten, E. (2006): The M/S Estonia Disaster and the Treatment of Human Remains. In: Bierens, J.J.L.M. (ed.): ''Handbook on Drowning'': 650–652. . It is one of the deadliest peacetime sinkings of a European ship, after the ''Titanic'' in 1912 and the ''Empress of Ireland'' in 1914, and the deadliest peacetime shipwreck to have occurred in European waters, with 852 (out of 989) lives lost. Sinking ''MS Estonia, Estonia'' departed slightly behind schedule at 19:15 on 27 September and was expected in Stockholm the next morning at about 09:00. She was afterwards stated as carrying 989 people: 803 passengers and 186 crew. Most of the passengers were Swedish, although some were of Estonia, Estonian origin; most of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
