|
M. H. Landauer
M. H. Landauer (1808 – February 3, 1841) was a writer on Jewish mysticism, born at Kappel, near Buchau, Württemberg in Germany. He was a son of the cantor Elias Landauer, and at the age of 18 entered the yeshiva and lyceum in Karlsruhe; later, he studied at the universities of Munich and Tübingen. In spite of ill health, he returned to Munich in 1838 to copy from Hebrew manuscripts in the Royal Library extracts for use in his investigations. In 1839, he passed the examination for the rabbinate, and in the following year was appointed rabbi of Braunsbach, Württemberg. Only three months later, illness obliged him to resign his position and to return to Kappel, where he died. Of Landauer's works, the following may be mentioned: *''Jehova und Elohim, oder die Althebräische Gotteslehre als Grundlage der Geschichte der Symbolik und der Gesetzgebung der Bücher Mosis,'' Stuttgart and Augsburg, 1836 (see A. Geiger's review in his ''Wiss. Zeit. Jüd. Theol.'' iii. 403 et seq.) *''Wes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Mysticism
Academic study of Jewish mysticism, especially since Gershom Scholem's ''Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism'' (1941), draws distinctions between different forms of mysticism which were practiced in different eras of Jewish history. Of these, Kabbalah, which emerged in 12th-century southwestern Europe, is the most well known, but it is not the only typological form, nor was it the first form which emerged. Among the previous forms were Merkabah mysticism (c. 100 BCE – 1000 CE), and Ashkenazi Hasidim (early 13th century) around the time of the emergence of Kabbalah. Kabbalah means "received tradition", a term which was previously used in other Judaic contexts, but the Medieval Kabbalists adopted it as a term for their own doctrine in order to express the belief that they were not innovating, but were merely revealing the ancient hidden esoteric tradition of the Torah. This issue has been crystalized until today by alternative views on the origin of the Zohar, the main text of K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zohar
The ''Zohar'' (, ''Zōhar'', lit. "Splendor" or "Radiance") is a foundational work of Kabbalistic literature. It is a group of books including commentary on the mystical aspects of the Torah and scriptural interpretations as well as material on mysticism, mythical cosmogony, and mystical psychology. The ''Zohar'' contains discussions of the nature of God, the origin and structure of the universe, the nature of souls, redemption, the relationship of ego to darkness and "true self" to "the light of God". The ''Zohar'' was first publicized by Moses de León (c. 1240 – 1305 CE), who claimed it was a Tannaitic work recording the teachings of Simeon ben Yochai (). This claim is universally rejected by modern scholars, most of whom believe de León, also an infamous forger of Geonic material, wrote the book himself between 1280 and 1286. Some scholars argue that the ''Zohar'' is the work of multiple medieval authors and/or contains a small amount of genuinely antique novel mate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1808 Births
Events January–March * January 1 ** The importation of slaves into the United States is formally banned, as the 1807 Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves takes effect. However Americans still continue the slave trade by transporting Africans to Cuba and Brazil.. ** Sierra Leone becomes a British Crown Colony. * January 22 – Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil: John (Dom João), Prince Regent, and the Braganza royal family of Portugal arrive in their colony of Brazil in exile from the French occupation of their home kingdom. * January 26 – Rum Rebellion: On the 20th anniversary of the foundation of the colony of New South Wales, disgruntled military officers of the New South Wales Corps (the "Rum Corps") overthrow and imprison Governor William Bligh and seize control of the colony. * February 2 – French troops take Rome as part of the Napoleonic Wars. * February 6 – The ship '' Topaz'' (from Boston April 5, 1807, hunting seals) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meyer Kayserling
Meyer Kayserling (also '' Meir'' or ''Moritz'', 17 June 1829 – 21 April 1905) was a German rabbi and historian. Life Kayserling was born in Gleidingen near Hanover, and was the brother of writer and educator Simon Kayserling. He was educated at Halberstadt, at Nikolsburg (Moravia) where he studied under Samson Raphael Hirsch, at Prague where he studied under S.J. Rapoport, at Würzburg where he studied under Seligman Baer Bamberger, and finally at the Humboldt University of Berlin. He devoted himself to history and philosophy. Encouraged in historical researches in Berlin by Leopold von Ranke, Kayserling turned his attention to the history and literature of the Jews of the Iberian Peninsula. In 1861 the government of Aargau appointed him rabbi of the two Swiss Jewish municipalities of Endingen and Lengnau in Surbtal, an office he held until 1870. During his residence in Switzerland he argued in favor of civil equality for his coreligionists, and also maintained co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isidore Singer
Isidore Singer (10 November 1859 – 20 February 1939) was an Austrian-born American encyclopedist and editor of '' The Jewish Encyclopedia'' and founder of the American League for the Rights of Man. Biography Singer was born in 1859 in Weisskirchen, Moravia, in the Austrian Empire. He studied at the University of Vienna and the Humboldt University of Berlin, receiving his Ph.D. in 1884. France After editing the ''Allgemeine oesterreichische Literaturzeitung'' (Austrian literary newspaper) from 1885 to 1886, he became literary secretary to the French ambassador in Vienna. From 1887, he worked in Paris in the press bureau of the French foreign office and was active in the campaign on behalf of Alfred Dreyfus. In 1893 he founded a short-lived biweekly called ''La Vraie Parole'' as a foil to the anti-Jewish '' La Libre Parole''. New York Singer moved to New York City in 1895 where he learned English and taught French, raising the money for the ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Fürst
Julius Fürst (; 12 May 1805, Żerków, South Prussia – 9 February 1873, Leipzig), born Joseph Alsari, was a Jewish German oriental studies, orientalist and the son of noted maggid, teacher, and Hebrew grammarian Jacob Alsari. Fürst was a distinguished scholar of Semitic languages and literature. During his years as professor in the department of oriental languages and Oriental Literature, literature at the University of Leipzig (1864–1873), he wrote many works on literary history and linguistics. Biography His father was Hebrew grammarian Jacob Alsari. At an early age, Fürst had a remarkable knowledge of Hebrew literature, Old Testament scriptures and oriental languages. In 1825, after having studied at Berlin, where Hegel and Johann August Wilhelm Neander, Neander were among his teachers, he took a course in Jewish theology at Grand Duchy of Posen, Posen. In 1829, after having abandoned his Jewish orthodoxy, he went to University of Breslau, Breslau, and in 1831 to Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaak Markus Jost
Isaak Marcus (Markus) Jost (February 22, 1793, Bernburg – November 22, 1860, Frankfurt am Main) was a Jewish historical writer. He studied at the universities of Göttingen and Berlin. In Berlin he began to teach, and in 1835 received the appointment of upper master in the Jewish commercial school (called the Philanthropin) at Frankfort-on-the-Main. Here he remained until his death, on November 22, 1860. The work by which he is chiefly known is '' Geschichte der Israeliten seit den Zeit der Maccabaer'' ('A History of the Israelites from the Time of the Maccabees to Our Time'), in 9 volumes (1820–1829). This work was afterwards supplemented by ''Neuere Geschichte den Israeliten von 1815–1845'' (1846–1847), and ''Geschichte des Judenthums und seiner Sekten'' (1857–1859). He also published an abridgment under the title ''Allgemeine Geschichte des israelitischen Volkes'' (1831–1832), and an edition of the Mishna with a German translation and notes (6 volumes, 1832–1834). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Literature
Jewish literature includes works written by Jews on Jewish themes, literary works written in Jewish languages on various themes, and literary works in any language written by Jewish writers. Ancient Jewish literature includes Biblical literature and rabbinic literature. Medieval Jewish literature includes not only rabbinic literature but also ethical literature, philosophical literature, mystical literature, various other forms of prose including history and fiction, and various forms of poetry of both religious and secular varieties. The production of Jewish literature has flowered with the modern emergence of secular Jewish culture. Modern Jewish literature has included Yiddish literature, Judeo-Tat literature, Ladino literature, Hebrew literature (especially Israeli literature), and Jewish American literature. Medieval Jewish literature Fiction Prominent examples of medieval Jewish fiction included: *''Sefer ha-Ma'asiyyot'', by Nissim b. Jacob b. Nissim ibn Shahin o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabbalah
Kabbalah or Qabalah ( ; , ; ) is an esoteric method, discipline and school of thought in Jewish mysticism. It forms the foundation of Mysticism, mystical religious interpretations within Judaism. A traditional Kabbalist is called a Mekubbal (). List of Jewish Kabbalists, Jewish Kabbalists originally developed transmissions of the primary texts of Kabbalah within the realm of Jewish tradition and often use classical Jewish scriptures to explain and demonstrate its mystical teachings. Kabbalists hold these teachings to define the inner meaning of both the Hebrew Bible and traditional rabbinic literature and their formerly concealed transmitted dimension, as well as to explain the significance of Jewish religious observances. Historically, Kabbalah emerged from earlier forms of Jewish mysticism, in 12th- to 13th-century Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain, al-Andalus (Spain) and in Hakhmei Provence, and was reinterpreted during the Jewish mystical renaissance in 16th-century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buchau
Bochov () is a town in Karlovy Vary District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,900 inhabitants. Administrative division Bochov consists of 17 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Bochov (1,177) *Číhaná (7) *Dlouhá Lomnice (92) *Herstošice (26) *Hlineč (3) *Javorná (71) *Jesínky (1) *Kozlov (84) *Mirotice (21) *Německý Chloumek (22) *Nové Kounice (28) *Polom (12) *Rybničná (79) *Sovolusky (24) *Teleč (26) *Těšetice (46) *Údrč (99) Geography Bochov is located about southeast of Karlovy Vary. It lies on the border of three nature regions. The eastern part of the municipal territory with the town proper lies in the Teplá Highlands, the western part lies in the Slavkov Forest, and a small part in the northeast extends into the Doupov Mountains. The highest point is the hill Mirotický vrch at above sea level. The Střela River flows along the southern municipal border. The area of Bochov is rich i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braunsbach
Braunsbach is a municipality in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is on the Kocher river, about from the district seat of Schwäbisch Hall. The town is bordered to the north by the town Künzelsau, the county seat of Hohenlohe, in the east by the town of Langenburg, on the southeast by Wolpertshausen, in the south by the town of Schwäbisch Hall, in the southwest by Untermünkheim and in the west by Kupferzell in Hohenlohe. History Braunsbach was formed in February 1972 by the voluntary merger of the formerly independent communities of Arnsdorf, Braunsbach, Döttingen, , Jungholzhausen, and Steinkirchen. In late May 2016, severe weather led to flooding of Orlacher Bach and Schlossbach within 3 hours that strewed rubble across the town causing large damage but no casualties. Points of interest * (Braunsbach Castle), in part built in 1250BraunsbachPoints of interest * Protestant church in the castle * Döttingen Gate Braunsbach (rest of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabbi
A rabbi (; ) is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi—known as ''semikha''—following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of the rabbi developed in the Pharisees, Pharisaic (167 BCE–73 CE) and Talmudic (70–640 CE) eras, when learned teachers assembled to codify Judaism's written and oral laws. The title "rabbi" was first used in the first century CE. In more recent centuries, the duties of a rabbi became increasingly influenced by the duties of the Clergy, Protestant Christian minister, hence the title "pulpit rabbis." Further, in 19th-century Germany and the United States, rabbinic activities such as sermons, pastoral counseling, and representing the community to the outside all increased in importance. Within the various Jewish denominations, there are different requirements for rabbinic ordination and differences in opinion regarding who is recognized as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
