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List Of Mannerist Structures In Northern Poland
The mannerist architecture and sculpture in Poland have two major traditions – Polish/Italian and Dutch/Flemish, that dominated in northern Poland. The Silesian mannerism of South-Western Poland was largely influenced by Bohemian and German mannerism, while the Pomeranian mannerism of North-Western Poland was influenced by Gothic tradition and Northern German mannerism. The Jews in Poland adapted patterns of Italian and Polish mannerism to their own tradition. The mannerist complex of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska and mannerist City of Zamość are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Triangle gables of late Gothic origin and large windows are the features of Dutch urban architecture in Northern Poland. Among notable architects and sculptors of Dutch/Flemish mannerism in Poland were Anthonis van Obbergen, Willem van den Blocke, Abraham van den Blocke Abraham van den Blocke (1572 – 31 January 1628) was an architect and sculptor. Life Van den Blocke was born in Königsberg (today Kalini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mannerist Architecture And Sculpture In Poland
Mannerist architecture and sculpture in Poland dominated between 1550 and 1650, when it was finally replaced with baroque. The style includes various mannerist traditions, which are closely related with ethnic and religious diversity of the country, as well as with its economic and political situation at that time. The mannerist complex of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska and mannerist City of Zamość are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Conditions of development and features The period between 1550 and 1650 was a Golden Age of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (created in 1569) and a Golden Age of Poland. It was a time of economic prosperity due to grain trade. Grain was kept in richly embellished granaries (e.g. in Kazimierz Dolny) and transported along the Vistula to the main port of Poland - Gdańsk, where it was sold to the Netherlands, England, France, Italy and Spain (about 80% of the city's revenues in the beginning of the 17th century came from grain trade). It was also the time o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chełmno
Chełmno (; older en, Culm; formerly ) is a town in northern Poland near the Vistula river with 18,915 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the seat of the Chełmno County in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Due to its regional importance in the Middle Ages, the city gave its name to the entire area, Chełmno Land (and later an administrative unit of the Kingdom of Poland, the Chełmno Voivodeship), the local Catholic diocese and Kulm law, which was used to found cities and towns around Poland, including the current capital city of Warsaw. Name The city's name ''Chełmno'' comes from ''chelm'', the old Polish word for hill. After the area was granted to the Teutonic Knights as a Polish fief in 1232, the Germanized name ''Kulm'' was used in official documents regarding the town, as the city was a member of the Hanseatic League and part of the State of the Teutonic Order. Chełmno was annexed by Prussia in the First Partition of Poland in 1772 and, as part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mansard Roof
A mansard or mansard roof (also called a French roof or curb roof) is a four-sided gambrel-style hip roof characterised by two slopes on each of its sides, with the lower slope, punctured by dormer windows, at a steeper angle than the upper. The steep roof with windows creates an additional floor of habitable space (a garret), and reduces the overall height of the roof for a given number of habitable storeys. The upper slope of the roof may not be visible from street level when viewed from close proximity to the building. The earliest known example of a mansard roof is credited to Pierre Lescot on part of the Louvre built around 1550. This roof design was popularised in the early 17th century by François Mansart (1598–1666), an accomplished architect of the French Baroque period. It became especially fashionable during the Second French Empire (1852–1870) of Napoléon III. ''Mansard'' in Europe (France, Germany and elsewhere) also means the attic or garret space itself, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tykocin Synagogue
The Tykocin Synagogue is a historic synagogue building in Tykocin, Poland. The synagogue, in mannerist-early Baroque style, was built in 1642. History During the Nazi occupation of Poland in 1941, the synagogue was desecrated and then set up as a warehouse. After the end of the war, it remained in use as a warehouse for fertilizers. In 1965, a fire damaged the interiors. The synagogue was thoroughly restored in the late 1970s. The historic wall paintings, most of which are decorative texts of Hebrew prayers, were restored. The elaborate, decorative ceiling was not reconstructed although some idea of the style can be gleaned from the design of the Torah Ark. A former Beit Medrash (study and prayer hall) located across the street has been restored and is in use as a city museum. Although no Jews now live in Tykocin, 40,000 tourists a year come to see the old synagogue, which remains "in lonely and unexpected splendor". The tourism has generated economic activity, including a ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tykocin
Tykocin is a small town in north-eastern Poland, with 2,010 inhabitants (2012), located on the Narew river, in Białystok County in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is one of the oldest towns in the region, with its historic center designated a Historic Monument of Poland. History Middle Ages The name of Tykocin was first mentioned in the 11th century. Through the 14th century, it was a castellany in the Duchy of Masovia on the border with pagan Lithuania. Tykocin received its city rights from prince Janusz I of Warsaw in 1425, but several months later, the settlement was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (within the Polish-Lithuanian Union) by the Polish king Władysław II Jagiełło. Shortly later, in around 1433, Duke Sigismund Kęstutaitis gave the town along with other surrounding villages to Jonas Gostautas, and it became the most important seat of the Lithuanian Gostautai noble family. Early modern era In the 1542, upon the death of Gostautai family's las ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baluster
A baluster is an upright support, often a vertical moulded shaft, square, or lathe-turned form found in stairways, parapets, and other architectural features. In furniture construction it is known as a spindle. Common materials used in its construction are wood, stone, and less frequently metal and ceramic. A group of balusters supporting a handrail, coping, or ornamental detail are known as a balustrade. The term baluster shaft is used to describe forms such as a candlestick, upright furniture support, and the stem of a brass chandelier. The term banister (also bannister) refers to a baluster or to the system of balusters and handrail of a stairway. It may be used to include its supporting structures, such as a supporting newel post. Etymology According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', "baluster" is derived through the french: balustre, from it, balaustro, from ''balaustra'', "pomegranate flower" rom a resemblance to the swelling form of the half-open flower (''ill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Tarnowski (1550–1605)
Jan Tarnowski (c. 1550 – 14 September 1605 in Łowicz, Poland) was Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland. His coat of arms was Rola. Jan was secretary of King Stefan Batory of Poland and a trusted adviser of King Sigismund III Vasa of Poland. In 1581 he became Referendarz of the Crown and in 1591 Deputy Chancellor of the Crown. He became also bishop of Poznań in 1598, bishop of Kujawy in 1600 and in 1604 Archbishop of Kraków and simultaneously Primate of Poland.Urzędnicy centralni i nadworni Polski XIV-XVIII wieku, Kórnik 1992, page. 136. References External links Virtual tour Gniezno Cathedral Chancellors of Poland [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Włocławek
Włocławek (Polish pronunciation: ; german: Leslau) is a city located in central Poland along the Vistula (Wisła) River and is bordered by the Gostynin-Włocławek Landscape Park. As of December 2021, the population of the city is 106,928. Located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, it was the capital of Włocławek Voivodeship until 1999. The city is located in the historical region of Kuyavia and is the region's third largest city after Bydgoszcz and Toruń. History Włocławek's history dates back to the late Bronze Age – early Iron Age (1300 BCE – 500 BCE). Archaeological excavations conducted on the current city site uncovered the remains of a settlement belonging to the Lusatian culture, as well as evidence of a settlement of early Pomeranian culture which had been established. Traces of additional settlements dating to the Roman period and the early Middle Ages have also been excavated in the area. Middle Ages Precise dating of the city's founding has pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of The Pomeranian Voivodeship
The resolution regarding the coat of arms of the Pomeranian Voivodeship was taken on by the Sejmik of the Pomeranian Voivodship in Gdańsk. On a yellow background, the image of a black Griffin of Pomeranian- Wendish origin, with raised wings and a red tongue out of the mouth. The first example of the coat of arms is a 16th-century image of the griffin, which is in the presbytery of the Oliwa Cathedral. The image of the black griffin looking towards the right, on a yellow background, is also known for being the coat of arms of Kashubians. Therefore, these two coats of arms are often identified; according to some sources, as being one and an identical coat of arms. The creator of the coat of arms is Wawrzyniec Samp. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Between the years of 1454 and 1795, the coat of arms of the Pomeranian Voivodship was represented by a red griffin on a white background. Second Polish Republic The coat of arms did alter substantially, "the coat of arms still inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
