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List Of Dukes And Margraves Of Friuli
The dukes and margraves of Friuli were the rulers of the Duchy and March of Friuli in the Middle Ages. The dates given below, when contentious, are discussed in the articles of the respective dukes. Lombard dukes * 568–c.584 Grasulf I * 568/c.584–590 Gisulf I, son of Grasulf I * 590–610 Gisulf II, son of Gisulf I * 610–617 Tasso, son of Gisulf II * 610–617 Kakko, brother of Tasso * 617–651 Grasulf II, brother of Gisulf II * 651–663 Ago * 663–666 Lupus * 666 Arnefrid, son of Lupus * 666–678 Wechtar * 678–??? Landar * ???–694 Rodoald * 694 Ansfrid * 694–705 Ado * 705 Ferdulf * 705–706 Corvulus * 706–739 Pemmo * 739–744 Ratchis, also king of the Lombards * 744–749 Aistulf, also king of the Lombards * 749–751 Anselm (d.806) * 751–774 Peter * 774–776 Hrodgaud Carolingian appointees Dukes * 776–787 Marcarius * 789–799 Eric * 799–808 Hun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friuli
Friuli ( fur, Friûl, sl, Furlanija, german: Friaul) is an area of Northeast Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity containing 1,000,000 Friulians. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli Venezia Giulia, i.e. the administrative provinces of Udine, Pordenone, and Gorizia, excluding Trieste. Names The multiethnic and subsequent multilingual tradition of Friuli means that the name of the region varies according to locality. Besides from Italian (), other local Romance forms include Friulan () and Venetian ; in German and in Slovene. The name ''Friuli'' originates from the ancient Roman town of (now ). Geography Friuli is bordered on the west by the Veneto region with the border running along the Livenza river, on the north by the crest of the Carnic Alps between Carnia and Austrian Carinthia, on the east by the Julian Alps, the border with Slovenia and the Timavo river, and on the south by the Adriatic Sea. The adjacent Sl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdulf Of Friuli
Ferdulf or Fardulf, originally from the territories of Liguria, was the Duke of Friuli at some point between the end of the reign of Cunincpert (688-700) and the beginning of that of Aripert II (701-12). There is no evidence to associate his tenure to the year 705 alone or indeed to suggest that it was very brief.. Paul the Deacon described him as 'a man tricky and conceited' ( la, homo lubricus et elatus) who had obtained the dukedom after the death of Duke Ado. He was said to have desired "the glory of a victory over the Slavs" (Paul the Deacon, Historia Langobardorum VI, xxiv). He paid some Slavs to invade his country in order that he might fend them off, but some of the Slav army raided the pastureland and carried off livestock as booty. Argait (whose name means 'cowardly, inert or worthless' in Langobardic), the local magistrate, or 'sculdahis', chased them, but could not overtake them. Subsequently, Ferdulf met Argait and asked what had become of the robbers. Argait indicated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cadolah Of Friuli
Cadolah (or Cadalaus) (also ''Cadolach'', ''Chadalhoh'' or ''Chadolah'') (died 819) was the Duke of Friuli from 817 to his death. He was a son of Count Berthold (Pera old) and an Ahalolfinger. He was a patron of the monastery of Saint Gall. With his brother Uuago, he donated property in the village of Wanga to the monastery by charter dated 23 October 805. He also donated property on 17 November 817, at which time he bore the title "count" (''comis'') and directed his son, Berthold, to make donations in his name after his death. By then he had been put in charge of Dalmatia, where he was the local ruler at the time when an embassy from Constantinople passed through on their way to the court of Louis the Pious (816). Sometimes after that, probably in 817, he was created Duke of Friuli. Einhard calls him ''Cadolaum comitem et marcæ Foroiuliensis præfectum'' ("Cadolah, count and prefect of the Friulian march") in 818. Einhard later calls him ''dux Foroiuliensis'' when recording his d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aio Of Friuli
Aio or Haio (died after 811) was the probable Duke of Friuli between the death of Eric (799) and the appointment of Cadolah (817). He may have been preceded by another possible duke, Hunfrid, who died circa 808. Though he is not found as a duke in any contemporary or later sources, from his power in the region, he is surmised to have exercised the ducal authority during a period when no other duke is known. Aio was first granted land in the Duchy of FriuliActually, he was granted land ''in territorio Foroiulense et Vicentino atque Veronense'': "in the territory of Friuli and Vicenza, as well as Verona." by Charlemagne on 2 February 799. Charlemagne later confirmed the division of this property between Aio's sons on 7 July 809: the eldest son, Alboin or Albuin, received Friuli and Vicenza; the second, Ingobert, received land in Vicenza; and the youngest, Agisclaf, received Verona. Aio's holdings were extensive and his grants to his sons had to be confirmed by the emperor himsel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunfrid, Margrave Of Istria
Hunfrid ( la, Unfredus) was the Margrave of Istria and, according to some sources, Duke of Friuli from 799 to 804, when a Duke John was ruling Istria. He was the founder of the family called the Hunfridings. Hunfrid first appears in Istria as ''marchio'' in 799, the same year that Eric of Friuli died. He was probably an Aleman, although the historian of early medieval Raetia, Elizabeth Meyer-Marthaler, considered him of Frankish origin. He was the count of Rhaetia in 806 and 808. A record of his presiding over a public court at Rankweil in his capacity as count of Rhaeta (''Reciarum comis'') survives. He interrogated witnesses, ordered boundaries of a disputed property walked out, ordered judges (''scabini'') to make a finding and issued a verdict in writing. The surviving record describes him as a '' vir inluster''.Jennifer R. Davis, ''Charlemagne's Practice of Empire'' (Cambridge University Press, 2015), 65. Based on his presence in a list of personages in the ''libri memor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eric Of Friuli
Eric (also ''Heirichus'' or ''Ehericus''; died 799) was the Duke of Friuli (''dux Foroiulensis'') from 789 to his death. He was the eldest son of Gerold of Vinzgouw and by the marriage of his sister Hildegard the brother-in-law of Charlemagne. Background An elegy composed by Paulinus II, Patriarch of Aquileia on the occasion of the death of his friend Eric, reveals that Eric had been born at "''urbs dives Argentea''", a Latin name of Frankish Strasbourg."''Versus Paulini de Herico duce,''" in ''L'Oeuvre Poétique de Paulin D'Aquilée.'' Edited by Dag Norberg (Stockholm: Almquist and Wiskell International, 1979), 100. The elegy and another work of Paulinus called the ''Liber Exhortationis,'' a work which draws from the Bible and certain Fathers of the Church to offer instruction on how to live a morally upright Christian life while carrying out secular duties, indicates that Eric was a pious Catholic. Eric was appointed to the Carolingian Duchy of Friuli in 789, about two years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcarius Of Friuli
Marcarius was the Duke of Friuli from 776 to 787. He was the first Friulian duke appointed by Charlemagne after the rebellion of the Lombard Hrodgaud.Hodgkin, VIII, p 182 n4. He was probably not a Lombard. He played a minor part in the Schism of the Three Chapters. When the bishop of Istria, Maurice, was arrested and his eyes gouged out by the Byzantine authorities for allegedly stirring up the populace to desert Byzantium for the Frankish Empire, Pope Hadrian I received him in Rome before sending him to the court of Marcarius in Friuli. Hadrian also sent a letter to Charlemagne asking him to send Marcarius against Byzantine Istria to reinstall Maurice in his see.Hodgkin, VIII, p 46 n4. Marcarius was succeeded by Eric The given name Eric, Erich, Erikk, Erik, Erick, or Eirik is derived from the Old Norse name ''Eiríkr'' (or ''Eríkr'' in Old East Norse due to monophthongization). The first element, ''ei-'' may be derived from the older Proto-Norse ''* a ..., a fait ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hrodgaud Of Friuli
Hrodgaud or Rodgand was the Duke of Friuli from 774 to 776. In all likelihood he was already duke under Desiderius, notwithstanding some Frankish sources, such as the '' Einhardis annales'', who say that Charlemagne put him in power after the Siege of Pavia. In 776, he rebelled against his lord and, according to some, declared himself king. Charlemagne, however, had been forewarned of the revolt by Pope Hadrian I, who himself had been warned in a letter by John, Patriarch of Grado. Hadrian believed that a conspiracy of Lombards and Byzantines, led by Arechis II of Benevento, Hildeprand of Spoleto, and Raginald of Clusium, was brewing against the Franks. Thus, Charles quickly crossed the Alps and defeated him, retaking Friuli and Treviso Treviso ( , ; vec, Trevixo) is a city and ''comune'' in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 84,669 inhabitants (as of September 2017). Some 3,000 live within th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Of Friuli
Peter or Petrus was the reputed son of Munichis and brother of one Ursus. Paul the Deacon records that Munichis died in the same battle as Ferdulf, Duke of Friuli, and that his son Peter and Ursus later became dukes of Friuli and Benevento respectively. The date of Peter's reign is unknown, but has been hypothesised as following that of Aistulf or Anselm in 756 or 751 and lasted until the Siege of Pavia. Sources *Paul the Deacon Paul the Deacon ( 720s 13 April in 796, 797, 798, or 799 AD), also known as ''Paulus Diaconus'', ''Warnefridus'', ''Barnefridus'', or ''Winfridus'', and sometimes suffixed ''Cassinensis'' (''i.e.'' "of Monte Cassino"), was a Benedictine monk, ...''Historia Langobardorum'' 8th-century births 8th-century deaths Dukes of Friuli 8th-century Lombard people 8th-century rulers in Europe {{Italy-noble-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anselm, Duke Of Friuli
Anselm (died 805) was the Lombard Duke of Friuli in the northeastern part of Lombard Italy, He left the world at the height of his secular career, and in 750 built a monastery at Fanano, a place given to him by Aistulf, King of the Lombards, who had married Anselm's sister Gisaltruda. Two years later he built the monastery of Nonantula, a short distance northeast of Modena, which Aistulf endowed. Anselm went to Rome, where Pope Stephen III invested him with the habit of Saint Benedict, gave him some relics of Saint Sylvester and appointed him Abbot of Nonantula. Anselm founded many hospices where the poor and the sick were sheltered and cared for by monks. According to the twelfth-century ''Catalogus abbatum nonantulorum'', a list of abbots of Nonantola with their histories, Desiderius, who succeeded Aistulf as King of the Lombards in 756, banished Anselm from Nonantula in favor of his own protégé. Anselm spent the seven years of his exile at the Benedictine monastery of M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aistulf
Aistulf (also Ahistulf, Aistulfus, Haistulfus, Astolf etc.; it, Astolfo; died December 756) was the Duke of Friuli from 744, King of the Lombards from 749, and Duke of Spoleto from 751. His reign was characterized by ruthless and ambitious efforts to conquer Roman territory to the extent that in the '' Liber Pontificalis'', he is described as a "shameless" Lombard given to "pernicious savagery" and cruelty. Biography Aistulf was born as the son of Duke Pemmo of Friuli and his wife Ratperga. After his brother Ratchis became king, Aistulf succeeded him as Duke of Friuli and later succeeded him as king, when Ratchis was forced to abdicate the throne. Ratchis entered a monastery thereafter. While Ratchis had been more tolerant with the Roman element of the Italian population, Aistulf followed a more aggressive policy of expansion and raids against the Papal States and the Eastern Roman exarchate of Ravenna. In 750, Aistulf captured Ravenna and all the provinces subject to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lombards
The Lombards () or Langobards ( la, Langobardi) were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774. The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the ''History of the Lombards'' (written between 787 and 796) that the Lombards descended from a small tribe called the Winnili,: "From Proto-Germanic '' winna-'', meaning "to fight, win" who dwelt in southern Scandinavia (''Scadanan'') before migrating to seek new lands. By the time of the Roman-era - historians wrote of the Lombards in the 1st century AD, as being one of the Suebian peoples, in what is now northern Germany, near the Elbe river. They continued to migrate south. By the end of the fifth century, the Lombards had moved into the area roughly coinciding with modern Austria and Slovakia north of the Danube, where they subdued the Heruls and later fought frequent wars with the Gepids. The Lombard king Audoin defeated the Gepid leader Thurisind in 551 or 552, and his successor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
