|
List Of French Residents-general In Tunisia
In 1881, the conquest of Tunisia was initiated by the French Third Republic. The invasion began on 28 April 1881, and lasted until 28 October 1881. Meanwhile, the Treaty of Bardo was signed on 12 May 1881. According to the treaty, the Beylik of Tunis would become a French protectorate from 1881 to 1956, when Tunisia regained its independence as the Kingdom of Tunisia. List (Dates in italics indicate ''de facto'' continuation of office) See also * Beylik of Tunis * Kingdom of Tunisia * French Algeria ** List of French governors of Algeria * French protectorate in Morocco ** List of French residents-general in Morocco In 1911, the conquest of Morocco was initiated by the French Third Republic, in the aftermath of the Agadir Crisis. While the conquest itself lasted until 1934, the Treaty of Fes was signed on 30 March 1912. According to the treaty, most of ... Sources * http://www.rulers.org/rult.html#tunisia * ''African States and Rulers, John Stewart, McFarland' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Alapetite
Gabriel Ferdinand Alapetite (5 January 1854 – 22 March 1932) was a French senior civil servant and diplomat. From 1879 to 1906 he was sub-prefect or prefect of various departments of France. For eleven years from 1906 to 1918 he was Resident-General of France in Tunisia, where he initiated various administrative improvements. He considered that the Tunisian Muslims had an utterly different mentality from French people, and could never become citizens of France. He was violently antisemitic, and opposed recruiting Tunisian Jews during World War I (1914–18). After the war he was briefly French Ambassador in Madrid, then for four years administered Alsace-Lorraine, which had been returned from Germany to France. Early years Gabriel Alapetite was born on 5 January 1854 in Clamecy, Nièvre. He came from an old republican family. His parents were Marien Ferdinand Alapetite (1821–95) and Alphonsine Janiska (1832–91). His siblings were Jeanne Marie Alapetite (1852–1918) and Em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justin Massicault
Justin Théophile Athanase Massicault (September 14, 1838 – November 5, 1892) was a French journalist and government official. Born in Ourouer-les-Bourdelins ( Cher), Massicault was the child of two teachers and was at first a teacher himself, but then became a journalist at the daily Le Progrès in Lyon. In 1862 he joined the staff of ''La Gironde'', a Bordeaux daily, where he eventually became editor. Appointed prefect of the Haute-Vienne on October 25 of 1870, he resigned on February 6, 1871. He later founded several newspapers successively: ''L'Indépendance'' in Bordeaux, ''La Charente'' in Angouleme, and ''La Vienne'' in Poitiers.''Loges et francs-maçons de la Haute-Vienne : de l'Ancien Régime à la Cinquième République'', par Francis Masgnaud, chez L. Souny, 2000 He was appointed Prefect of the Rhône in 1882, and as resident-general in Tunisia on November 22 of 1886 till his death at Tunis ''Tounsi'' french: Tunisois , population_note = ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after just 12 years when the Allies defeated Germany, ending World War II in Europe. On 30 January 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany, the head of gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vichy France
Vichy France (french: Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was the fascist French state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. Officially independent, but with half of its territory occupied under harsh terms of the armistice, it adopted a policy of collaboration with Nazi Germany, which occupied the northern and western portions before occupying the remainder of Metropolitan France in November 1942. Though Paris was ostensibly its capital, the collaborationist Vichy government established itself in the resort town of Vichy in the unoccupied "Free Zone" (), where it remained responsible for the civil administration of France as well as its colonies. The Third French Republic had begun the war in September 1939 on the side of the Allies. On 10 May 1940, it was invaded by Nazi Germany. The German Army rapidly broke through the Allied lines by bypassing the highly fortified Maginot Line and invading through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Pierre Esteva
Jean-Pierre Esteva (14 September 1880 – 11 January 1951) was a French naval officer who served in the First and Second World Wars. From 1940 to 1943, he served as Resident-General in Tunisia for the Vichy French government.Halpern, p. 311 Naval career Esteva entered the (Naval School) in 1898 from which he left a ship's teach in 1900. As a Lieutenant, he participated in the First World War. Assigned to the Mediterranean squadron, he took part, among other operations, in the Battle of the Dardanelles on the occasion of which he particularly distinguished himself. In 1920, he was a professor at the in Toulon, in 1927, captain, Esteva decided to follow a pioneering path in the nascent naval aviation, an original choice for an officer of this rank. Promoted Rear Admiral in 1929, he was Director of Maritime Aviation, then Deputy Chief of the Air Staff in 1930 before becoming Vice Admiral in 1935. He left for the Far East where he was commander-in-chief of the naval forces. He co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armand Guillon
Armand refer to: People * Armand (name), list of people with this name *Armand (photographer) (1901–1963), Armenian photographer *Armand (singer) (1946–2015), Dutch protest singer *Sean Armand (born 1991), American basketball player *Armand, duc d'Aiguillon (1750–1800), French noble *Armand of Kersaint (1742–1793), French sailor and politician Places *Saint-Armand, Quebec, Canada *Armand-e Olya, Iran *Armand-e Sofla, Iran *Armand Rural District, Iran * St. Armand, New York *St. Armand's Key in Florida *Armand-Jude River, a river in Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, Capitale-Nationale, Quebec, Canada See also *Arman (other) * Arman (name) * Armand Commission, first commission of the European Atomic Energy Community * Armand de Brignac, champagne brand produced by Champagne Cattier *Armand's Legion, Continental Army military unit *St Armand (other) St-Armand, St. Armand, Saint Armand, or ''variation'', may refer to: People * Saint Herman (di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcel Peyrouton
Marcel Peyrouton (2 July 1887 – 6 November 1983) was a French diplomat and politician. He served as the French Minister of the Interior from 1940 to 1941, during Vichy France. He served as the French Ambassador to Argentina from 1936 to 1940, and from 1941 to 1942. He served as the Governor-General of French Algeria in 1943. He was acquitted in 1948. Early life Marcel Peyrouton was born in 1887. He received a Doctorate in Law from the University of Paris. His thesis was entitled ''Étude sur les monopoles en Indochine''. In 1910 he entered the central administration of the Colonies as a trainee. In 1914, Mr. Peyrouton was administrator of the Colonies. He joined the army as a sergeant in an infantry regiment. He was wounded on August 24 in the battle of Préjanville ossibly during the Battle of the Trouée de Charmes He went into the air force and continued his services as a pilot-aviator in the squadrons of the front, in the Vosges, then in Syria. He was demobilized with the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Manceron
François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis. People with the given name * Francis I of France, King of France (), known as "the Father and Restorer of Letters" * Francis II of France, King of France and King consort of Scots (), known as the husband of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots * François Amoudruz (1926–2020), French resistance fighter * François-Marie Arouet (better known as Voltaire; 1694–1778), French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher *François Aubry (other), several people *François Baby (other), several people * François Beauchemin (born 1980), Canadian ice hockey player for the Anaheim Duck *François Blanc (1806–1877), French entrepreneur and operator of casinos *François Boucher (other), several people *François Caron (other), several people * François Cevert (1944–1973), French racing driver * François Chau (born 1959), Cambodian American actor * F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucien Saint
Lucien Saint (26 April 1867 – 24 February 1938) was a French administrator and politician. Early years Lucien Charles Xavier Saint was born on 26 April 1867 in Évreux, Eure, where his father was a doctor. He obtained a law degree in Paris, and began his career as a lawyer before entering the prefectorial service in 1896 as a chief of staff. He was chief of staff of the prefecture of Aube, then sub-prefect of Rochefort. In 1902 he married the daughter of Georges Trouillot, the Minister of Commerce, and became chief of staff to his father-in-law. He was next chief of staff to the Minister Jean Cruppi. He was appointed prefect of Nièvre in 1906, then of Ille-et-Vilaine in 1909. World War I (1914–1918) began in July 1914. In 1915 he was appointed Prefect of Toulouse, and in 1918 to Bouches-du-Rhône. In 1919 he was appointed by Georges Clemenceau to organize reconstruction of the Aisne department, which had been devastated by the war. Tunisia Lucien Saint was appointed M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Étienne Flandin
Étienne Jean Marie Flandin (1 April 1853 – 20 September 1922) was a French magistrate and politician who was twice deputy of Yonne, and was then Senator of French India from 1909 to 1920. Early years (1853–93) Étienne Jean Marie Flandin was born on 1 April 1853 in Paris. The Flandin family originated in Domecy-sur-Cure. His parent were Charles Flandin (1803-1887), doctor of medicine, and Aline de Sonis (1823-1857). Charles Flandin supported the Republican opposition during the Second French Empire and became vice-president of the General Council of Yonne. Etienne Flandin attended the Lycée Saint-Louis for his secondary education. He studied law in Paris, where he earned a doctorate. In 1876 Flandin married Pauline Ribière. He became a professor of civil law at the Faculty of Algiers. He lectured at the Faculty of Algiers from 1880 to 1882. He was Advocate-General at Pau from 1882 to 1887. He was a substitute in Paris from 1887 to 1889, then Attorney General in Algiers fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stéphen Pichon
Stephen Jean-Marie Pichon (10 August 1857 – 18 September 1933, Vers-en-Montagne) was a French journalist, diplomat and politician of the Third Republic. The Avenue Stéphen-Pichon in Paris is named after him. Life Stephen Jean-Marie Pichon was born on 10 August 1857 in Arnay-le-Duc, Côte-d'Or. He served as French Minister to China (1897–1900), including the period of the Boxer Uprising. Stephen Pichon was appointed Resident-General of the Tunisian Protectorate in 1901, replacing Georges Benoit. In 1906 he was succeeded by Gabriel Alapetite. An associate of Georges Clemenceau, he served several times under Clemenceau and others as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Stephen Pichon in Paris managed the French agreement with transformation of Czechoslovak National Council to the Provisional Czechoslovak government on 26 September 1918 (when Edvard Beneš received confirmation of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk from Washington). His most notable service was under Clemenceau during th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
