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List Of Rulers Of Saba And Himyar
This is a list of rulers of Saba' and Himyar, ancient Arab kingdoms which are now part of present-day Yemen. The kingdom of Saba' became part of the Himyarite Kingdom in the late 3rd century CE. The title Mukarrib (Old South Arabian: , romanized: ) was used by the rulers of Saba' along the title Malik (Old South Arabian: 𐩣𐩡𐩫, romanized: ''mlk''). The title of Mukarrib might have been used as a formal title for the head of a commonwealth of different ''šaʿb'' (community) groups until it eventually disappeared by the start of the first millennium AD. On the other hand, Malik was used as a title for the head of a ''šaʿb'' with various legal obligations. Later, the title of Malik transformed to imply territorial rule. After the fall of Dhu Nuwas around 530 CE to the Aksumite Empire, Yemen was open for foreign domination by the Aksumites and later the Sasanian Empire, both of whom installed local vassal rulers over the Yemeni people. Mukarribs of Saba' (1000–620 BCE) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabaeans
Sheba, or Saba, was an ancient South Arabian kingdom that existed in Yemen from to . Its inhabitants were the Sabaeans, who, as a people, were indissociable from the kingdom itself for much of the 1st millennium BCE. Modern historians agree that the heartland of the Sabaean civilization was located in the region around Marib and Sirwah. In some periods, they expanded to much of modern Yemen and even parts of the Horn of Africa, particularly Eritrea and Ethiopia. The kingdom's native language was Sabaic, which was a variety of Old South Arabian. Stuart Munro-Hay, ''Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity'', 1991. Among South Arabians and Abyssinians, Sheba's name carried prestige, as it was widely considered to be the birthplace of South Arabian civilization as a whole. The first Sabaean kingdom lasted from the 8th century BCE to the 1st century BCE: this kingdom can be divided into the " mukarrib" period, where it reigned supreme over all of South Arabia; and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karibi-ilu
Karibi-ilu was a Mukarrib of Saba' who reigned from 700 BC to 680 BC. The name Karibi-ilu in Akkadian matches "Karab-El Bayin" in Sabaean, combined of "''KRB-El''" which means one who carries out the instructions of El and "''BYN''" one who removes punishment. History Karibi-ilu is the son of Itamru (Yatha' Amar Watar II) who was mentioned by Sargon II in 715 BC. An Assyrian text which dates back to c. 685 BC talks about the gifts sent to Sennacherib from Karibi-ilu. The gifts consisted of silver, gold, types of the most exquisite perfume called "''Rikke Tabutu''" and precious gem stones which have traditionally been exported from South Arabia. Karibi-ilu built a house or a temple called " Bit-Akitu", to celebrate the New Year's and other holidays. See also *List of rulers of Saba and Himyar This is a list of rulers of Saba' and Himyar, ancient Arab kingdoms which are now part of present-day Yemen. The kingdom of Saba' became part of the Himyarite Kingdom in the late 3rd c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tharan Yuhanim
Thaʾrān Yuhanʿim (c. 324–375) was a king (Tubba', ) of the Himyarite Kingdom (in modern-day Yemen), and was the second king of the new dynasty founded by his father Dhamar Ali Yahbur II. He had an unusually long reign, on the order of fifty to fifty-five years and his son, Malkikarib Yuhamin, appears to have entered the throne at an advanced age. Iwona Gajda has proposed that the oldest known monotheistic Himyarite inscription (YM 1950), dating either to 363 or 373, comes from his reign. More recently, Christian Julien Robin has identified an earlier monotheistic inscription from his reign that dates earlier than 355. Byzantine historians more prominently know of a conversion to Judaism Judaism () is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic, Monotheism, monotheistic, ethnic religion that comprises the collective spiritual, cultural, and legal traditions of the Jews, Jewish people. Religious Jews regard Judaism as their means of o ... during the reign of his son and succes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhamar Ali Yahbur II
Dhamar ʿAlī Yuhabirr (or Dhamarʿalī Yuhabirr) (r. 321–324?) was a king of the Himyarite Kingdom (in modern-day Yemen). The definitive event during his reign was the submission of the Kingdom of Hadhramaut to his polity. Though he had a short reign, he was the founder of a new and remarkably stable dynasty of the Himyarite kingdom. By 500, only his and one other dynasty would rule. Significantly, with his reign, the hereditary transmission of successors became systematic and the king began to surround himself with a growing number of co-regents in order to facilitate the transmission of power. At first Dhamar'ali reigned alone, but he later would reign alongside his son Tharan Yuhanim, who would succeed him. His name does not survive in the later Islamic tradition. Inscriptions Dhamarali Yuhabirr is known from the following inscriptions: * Ir 31 * Ir 32 * Schmidt-Maʾrib 28 + Ja 668 * Garb Sab. Fragm. 5 * Graf 5 See also * Ancient South Arabian art * Sheba Sheba, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shammar Yahri'sh
Shammar Yahr'ish al-Himyari, full name Shammar Yahr'ish ibn Yasir Yuha'nim al-Manou ( Himyaritic: 𐩦𐩣𐩧 𐩺𐩠𐩲𐩧𐩦 𐩨𐩬 𐩺𐩪𐩧 𐩺𐩠𐩬𐩲𐩣, romanized: Šammar Yuharʿiš bin Yāsir Yuhanʿim Menou) was a Himyarite king. He was the first to have the title “King of Saba', Dhu Raydan, Hadramawt and Yamnat” and he united most of Yemen during his rule. Biography Not much is known about the life of Shammar Yahr'ish. He was from the tribe of Himyar. In the year 275 CE, Shammar Yahr'ish was first mentioned in inscriptions. In the same year, he conquered the cities of Najran and Ma'rib. By 280 CE, he had united most of Yemen under his rule. Later in 296 CE, he assumed the title ''King of Saba', Dhu Raydan, Hadramawt and Yamnat''. Subsequent rulers would hold the same titles until the reign of Malikikarib Yuhamin. He strove for diplomatic relations with contemporary kingdoms such as the Roman Empire, the Sasanian Empire and the ruling Arab tribes of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tharan Yaub Yuhanim
Tha'ran Ya'ub Yuhan'im () was a ruler of the ancient Kingdoms of Saba' and Dhu-Raydan, which was located in present-day Yemen. The earliest mention of Tha'ran is in inscriptions from 155 CE as part of a co-regency with his father, Dhamar Ali Yahbur. He succeeded his father around 175 and ruled alone until 214. Reign Co-regency Tha'ran entered power firstly as a co-regent under his father, Dhamar Ali Yahbur. There are two inscriptions regarding the Sabaeans pledging allegiance to Tha'ran and Dhamar Ali found at the important Sabean religious site, the Temple of Awwam. Father and son ordered repairs for the Ma'rib Dam during their co-reign. Single reign Tha'ran took power as a single ruler around 175. Eventually, he stylized his throne name as Tha'ran Ya'ub Yuhan'im. He also became affiliated with the tribe of Himyar. In 180–185 CE, the rebel prince Rabb Shams Nimran launched war on Himyar's lands as a retaliation against the actions of Tha'ran Ya'ub Yuhan'im. In 212, Tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Museum Of Yemen
The National Museum of Yemen () in Sana'a, Yemen, was founded in 1971 in ''Dar al-Shukr'' (Palace of Gratefulness) which was one of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, Yemeni Imam Palaces. It is located near Qubbat al-Mutawakkil Mosque dome in Al-Tahrir Square, Sana'a, Tahreer Square in the city center. The Museum recently moved to a nearby building called ''Dar Al-Sada'' (Palace of Happiness). The relocation was made to the newly renovated Palace because it offers the necessary space to accommodate the increasing number of artifacts throughout the history of Yemen. The museum contains artifacts of ancient Yemen collected from different archaeological sites. The National Museum consists of the four-story building and its room has been reserved for the presentation of rare artifacts and monuments. The exhibits include the artifacts of a Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, Yemeni Imam, artifacts from Marib, ancient Kingdoms of Yemen, and artifacts from the Islamic States era. ''Dar al- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek Dark Ages, Dark Ages (), the Archaic Greece, Archaic or Homeric Greek, Homeric period (), and the Classical Greece, Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athens, fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and Ancient Greek philosophy, philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Homeric Greek, Epic and Classical periods of the language, which are the best-attested periods and considered most typical of Ancient Greek. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhamar Ali Yahbur
Dhamarʿalī Yuhabirr bin Yāsir Yuhaṣdiq (Ḏmrʿly Yhbr), was the ''king of Saba' and ḏu-Raydān'' from c. 135 to 175 CE. He ascended the Himyarite throne amidst clashes between Sabaʾ and Ḥimyar. The earliest mention of Dhamarʿalī Yuhabirr appears in an inscription dated to 137. He ascends to the throne no later than 159. In the middle of the 2nd century, Dhamarʿalī Yuhabirr and his son Tharan Yaub Yuhanim controlled Kingdom of Saba. During his rule, reports show repairs were made to the irrigation-works (dam) at Marib. Dhamarʿalī Yuhabirr handed his throne down to his son Thaʾrān Yaʿub, who succeeded him around 175. Bronze statues of the king Dham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swahili Coast
The Swahili coast () is a coastal area of East Africa, bordered by the Indian Ocean and inhabited by the Swahili people. It includes Sofala (located in Mozambique); Mombasa, Gede, Kenya, Gede, Pate Island, Lamu, and Malindi (in Kenya); and Dar es Salaam and Kilwa (in Tanzania). In addition, several coastal islands are included in the Swahili coast, such as Zanzibar and Comoros. Areas of what is today considered the Swahili coast were historically known as Azania or Zingion in the Greco-Roman world, Greco-Roman era, and as Zanj, Zanj or Zinj in Middle Eastern, Indian and Chinese literature from the 7th to the 14th century.A. Lodhi (2000), ''Oriental influences in Swahili: a study in language and culture contacts,'', pp. 72-84 The word "Swahili" means people of the coasts in Arabic and is derived from the word ''sawahil'' ("coasts"). The Swahili people and their culture formed from a distinct mix of African and Arab origins. The Swahili were traders and merchants and readily absorb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azania
Azania () is a name that has been applied to various parts of southeastern tropical Africa. In the Roman period and perhaps earlier, the toponym has been hypothesised to have referred to a portion of the Southeast Africa coast extending from southern Somalia to the border between Mozambique and South Africa. during classical antiquity Azania was mostly inhabited by Southern Cushitic peoples, whose groups would rule the area until the great Bantu Migration. In 1933, G.W.B Huntingford proposed a theory of Azanian civilization existing in Kenya and northern Tanzania, between the Stone Age and Islamic period. It was supposed that these people were from Somalia where they eventually perished around the 14th to 15th-century. Ancient Azania Azania was a region in ancient Arcadia, which was according to Pausanias named after the mythical king Azan. According to Herodotus, the region contained the ancient town of Paus. The use of this name coincides with a reference in which Pliny t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periplus Of The Erythraean Sea
The ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea'' (), also known by its Latin name as the , is a Greco-Roman world, Greco-Roman periplus written in Koine Greek that describes navigation and Roman commerce, trading opportunities from Roman Egyptian ports like Berenice Troglodytica along the coast of the Red Sea and others along the Horn of Africa, the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, including the modern-day Sindh region of Pakistan and southwestern regions of India. The text has been ascribed to different dates between the first and third centuries, but a mid-first-century date is now the most commonly accepted. While the author is unknown, it is a first-hand description by someone familiar with the area and is nearly unique in providing accurate insights into what the ancient Hellenic world knew about the lands around the Indian Ocean. Name A periplus () is a logbook recording sailing itinerarium, itineraries and commercial, political, and ethnological details about the por ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
