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List Of Murder Laws By Country
This is a list of the laws of murder by country. The legal definition of murder varies by country: the laws of different countries deal differently with matters such as mens rea (how the intention on the part of the alleged murderer must be proved for the offence to amount to murder) and Sentence (law), sentencing. * Murder in Australian law, Australia * Murder in Brazilian law, Brazil * Murder (Canadian law), Canada * Murder in Chinese law, China * Murder in Croatian law, Croatia * Murder in Cuban law, Cuba * Murder in Danish law, Denmark * Murder in English law, England and Wales * Murder in Finnish law, Finland * Murder in French law, France * Murder in German law, Germany * Murder in Georgian law, Georgia * Murder in Hong Kong law, Hong Kong * Murder in Indian law, India * Homicide in Israeli law, Israel * Murder in Italian law, Italy * Murder in Japanese law, Japan * Murder in Dutch law, Netherlands * Murder (offence under the common law of Northern Ireland), Northern Ireland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Murder
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification (jurisprudence), justification or valid excuse (legal), excuse committed with the necessary Intention (criminal law), intention as defined by the law in a specific jurisdiction (area), jurisdiction. ("The killing of another person without justification or excuse, especially the crime of killing a person with malice aforethought or with recklessness manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life.") This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful homicide, such as manslaughter. Manslaughter is killing committed in the absence of Malice (law), ''malice'',This is "malice" in a technical legal sense, not the more usual English sense denoting an emotional state. See malice (law). such as in the case of voluntary manslaughter brought about by reasonable Provocation (legal), provocation, or diminished capacity. Involuntary manslaughter, ''Invol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Murder In Indian Law
In India according to Section 300 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, murder is defined as follows: On the other hand, culpable homicide (section 299 of Indian Penal Code, 1860)is defined as Burden and standard of proof in murder cases To prove that the accused is the murderer is one of the most difficult tasks faced by a criminal lawyer. The mode of proof may take diverse forms, it may be by both direct evidence and circumstantial evidence. It may be through dying declaration, confession, evidence of near relations and so on. One or more modes of proof may be telescoped in a particular case. it may be borne in mind that burden of proving the case initially is on the prosecution which must prove it beyond reasonable doubt. However, if the other parameters of the offence stands established, then the plea of non-discovery of the dead body of the victim is of no consequence in proving the ''corpus delicti ''in murder. As stated by Phipson on Evidence in Criminal Cases the prose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Murder In Swiss Law
In Switzerland, articles 111 to 117 of the Swiss Criminal Code detail the various scenarios in which the killing of another person is punishable. Articles 112 to 117 are leges speciales to article 111, meaning that when the conditions of one of the latter are met, article 111 will not be invoked. Intentional Homicide Article 111 criminalises intentional homicide (''Vorsätzliche Tötung'', ''Meurtre'' or ''Omicidio intenzionale'') and this crime occurs when a person intentionally behaves in such a way that causes the death of another person. It is classified as a felony and is punishable by at least five years' imprisonment. Murder Article 112 is first degree murder (''Mord'', ''Assassinat'' or ''Assassinio'') and is a lex specialis to article 111 and envisages a situation where a person has intentionally caused the death of another person with either particular cruelty or an ''odious'' motive or goal. A conviction under article 112 is punishable by life imprisonment o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Murder In Swedish Law
In Sweden, the following homicide offenses exist: * Murder () is defined as an intentional killing and is punishable with imprisonment between 10 and 18 years or life imprisonment. (3-1 § of the Penal Code) * Manslaughter () (roughly corresponds to voluntary manslaughter). It is defined as murder when it is less severe, either due to the circumstances or the crime itself and is punishable by 6 to 10 years. (3-2 §). The law reads: "If, in view of the circumstances that occasioned the act or for some other reason, an offence referred to in Section 1 is considered less serious, the person is guilty of manslaughter and is sentenced .. * Infanticide () is murder committed by a mother on her child "when, owing to her confinement, she is in a disturbed mental state or in grave distress", punishable with any prison term up to 6 years. (3-3 §) * Causing the death of another (, literally 'causing another's death'). It roughly corresponds to negligent homicide or involuntary manslaugh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Scots Law On Murder
Scots law on murder under Scots law, is understood as the unlawful killing of another person, with the required mental state. This mental state must be one of two kinds: wicked intention to kill, or wicked recklessness. Wicked intention to kill In Drury v HM Advocate it was held that intention to kill must be ‘wicked’. ‘Wicked’ does not mean premeditated. Rather it means that there are no legally relevant factors that justify or excuse it, such as self-defence or provocation. Wicked recklessness The alternative mental state for murder is wicked recklessness. This requires both intention to cause physical injury and wicked disregard to whether the victim lives or dies. This point was first raised in the case of ''HM Advocate v Purcell'', where a motorist, who was driving extremely dangerously, knocked down a child, causing injuries which the child subsequently died from. The court found that the accused could not be convicted of murder, because the driver did not intend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Murder In Russian Law
{{unreferenced, date=October 2011 According to the modern Russian ''Criminal Code'', only intentional killing of another human is considered as a murder (Russian ''убийство'' transliteration ''ubiystvo''). The following types of murder are defined: * Murder per se (article 105 of ''Criminal Code''): ** common corpus delicti (with no aggravating circumstances listed below). Punished with a sentence between 6 and 15 years ** qualified corpus delicti. Punished with a sentence between 8 and 20 years, life sentence, or death penalty. Aggravating circumstances: :a) against two or more people; :b) against person on public duty or their relatives; :c) killing of hostage, kidnapped or helpless person; :d) killing of pregnant; :e) committed in a cruel way; :f) committed in a socially dangerous way; :g) motivated by a blood feud (vendetta); :h) committed by a group of persons, a group of persons under a preliminary conspiracy, or an organized group; :i) for a profit, incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Murder In Romanian Law
According to the Romanian penal code, the maximum punishment a person can get for the unlawful killing of another is life imprisonment. Degrees of murder Under the new penal code, which came into force on 1 February 2014, offences involving the unlawful killing of a person are classified as:https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/109855 Art 188 Murder (''Omorul'') - where no aggravating circumstances exist: punishment 10 - 20 years, ban on the exercise of certain rights Art. 189 Aggravated murder (''Omorul calificat'') Murder committed under any of the following circumstances: a) with premeditation; b) for a material interest; c) in order to avoid or to help another individual avoid criminal liability or the service of a sentence; d) in order to facilitate or conceal the commission of another offense; e) by an individual who committed other murders or attempted murders previously; f) against two or more individuals; g) against a pregnant woman; h) with cruelty; i) by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Murder In Portuguese Law
The Portuguese Penal Code was adopted in 1982 by Decree-Law no. 400/82, of September 23, entering into force on January 1, 1983. It has seen multiple amendments, but has been subject of two major reforms in 1995, by Decree-Law no. 48/95, of March 15, and in 2007, by Law no. 59/2007. The Penal Code devotes a chapter on “crimes against human life”, where murder is included; despite that other crimes, in their aggravated form, may be considered, in other countries, to be included in murder. Murder may also be found in special legislation, namely in the Code of Military Justice, adopted in 2003 by Law no. 100/2003, of November 15, and in the Penal and Disciplinary Code of the Merchant Navy, adopted in 1940 by Decree-Law no. 33252/43, of November 20. The Portuguese Constitution expressly forbids the death penalty (article 24, § 2) and life imprisonment (article 30, § 1). Additionally, since 1997, the Constitution does not allow the extradition of anyone who would be subject to any ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Murder In Peruvian Law
Articles 108 through 108-C of the define crimes similar to those known as murder in Anglophone countries. The term ("murder") is no longer used in the Penal Code since 2014. Article 108: Qualified homicide , known formerly as , is the killing of another in any of the following circumstances: # For ferocity, cupidity, profit, or for pleasure # To facilitate or hide another crime # With great cruelty or treachery # By fire, explosion, or other method which is capable of placing in danger the life or health of other persons It is punishable by deprivation of liberty of at least 15 years. The specific mention of poison in the fourth provision, and the term , was removed by Law No. 30253 of 24 October 2014. Historically, qualified homicide had been one of the only crimes subject to capital punishment in Peru. The abolished the death penalty for all crimes, but four years later Article 16 of the restored it solely for the crime of qualified homicide. The Law of 11 May 1861 defined ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Murder In Norwegian Law
In Norway, an act of murder (''mord'' or ''drap'') is, as in other legal systems, illegal and considered a very serious offense. Categories of murder Until 2015, murder was classified and punished as follows: Miscellaneous forms of murder Assisted suicide is generally illegal in Norway, and will in most cases be treated as planned murder, although the punishment may be milder depending on the circumstances. Euthanasia (''aktiv dødshjelp'') has been much debated in Norway. Some groups have expressed that it should be legal in cases where the victim is sane and fully aware of what he or she is asking for. Acts of euthanasia, however, are illegal, and are treated as any other form of assisted suicide. Current law In 2015, a new penal code came into force. Murder, and other violent offenses resulting in death, are defined in ''Chapter 25. Violent offences, etc.''https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/9055/file/Norway_Penal%20Code.pdf See also *List of murder laws by count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Murder (offence Under The Common Law Of Northern Ireland)
The law of Northern Ireland is the legal system of statute and common law operating in Northern Ireland since the partition of Ireland established Northern Ireland as a distinct jurisdiction in 1921. Before 1921, Northern Ireland was part of the same legal system as the rest of Ireland. For the purposes of private international law, the United Kingdom is divided into three distinct legal jurisdictions: England and Wales; Northern Ireland and Scotland. Northern Ireland is a common law jurisdiction. Although its common law is similar to that in England and Wales, and partially derives from the same sources, there are some important differences in law and procedure. Northern Irish law has its roots in Irish common law before the partition of Ireland in 1921 and the Acts of Union in 1801. Following the formation of the Irish Free State (which later became the Republic of Ireland), Northern Ireland became its own devolved legal jurisdiction within the United Kingdom. History of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Murder In Dutch Law
Under Dutch law, moord (''murder'') is the intentional and premeditated killing of another person.Article 289 Dutch Penal Code "Any person who intentionally and with premeditation takes the life of another person shall be guilty of murder and shall be liable to life imprisonment or a determinate term of imprisonment not exceeding thirty years or a fine of the fifth category." Murder is punishable by a maximum sentence of , which is the longest prison sentence the law will allow for, unless the sentence is commuted or pardoned by the Sovereign of the Netherlands. However, this (if ever) happens and few appeals to the King for clemency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
