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List Of Massacres During The Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
The Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922), Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) was a series of military conflicts between the Greeks and the Turks in Europe, Turks which occurred after World War I when the Greeks attempted to expand their territory into eastern Thrace and the district of Smyrna. These territories were given to Greeks as part of the Treaty of Sèvres with the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, but was rejected by nationalist Turks leading to the war and a series of bloody massacres committed by both sides. See also * Outline of Greek genocide, Outline and timeline of the Greek genocide * List of massacres in Turkey References {{DEFAULTSORT:List of massacres during the Greco-Turkish War (1919-22) Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) Lists of massacres by war, Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
The Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922 was fought between Greece and the Turkish National Movement during the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I, between 15 May 1919 and 14 October 1922. This conflict was a part of the Turkish War of Independence. The Greek campaign was launched primarily because the western Allies, particularly British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, had promised Greece territorial gains at the expense of the Ottoman Empire, recently defeated in World War I. Greek claims stemmed from the fact that Western Anatolia had been part of Ancient Greece and the Byzantine Empire before the Turks conquered the area in the 12th–15th centuries. The armed conflict started when the Greek forces landed in Smyrna (now İzmir), on 15 May 1919. They advanced inland and took control of the western and northwestern part of Anatolia, including the cities of Manisa, Balıkesir, Aydın, Kütahya, Bursa, and Eskişehir. Their advance was chec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yair Auron
Yair Auron (, ''Ya'ir Oron''; born April 30, 1945) is an Israeli historian, scholar and expert specializing in Holocaust and genocide studies, racism and contemporary Jewry. Since 2005, he has served as the head of the Department of Sociology, Political Science and Communication of The Open University of Israel and an associate professor. Biography Yair Auron completed his bachelor's degree in history and sociology at the Tel-Aviv University. He earned a master's degree from The Hebrew University, and a Ph.D. from the Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle in Paris (France). Academic career From 1974 to 1976, Auron worked as the director of the Education Department inside the Yad Vashem (the Holocaust Memorial in Jerusalem). In the 1980s, he worked as a researcher at the Melton Center for Jewish Education of the Hebrew University and also as an academic director of European Section at the Israel-Diaspora Institute, an external institute of Tel-Aviv University. From 1996 to 1999 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gemlik
Gemlik is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 401 km2, and its population is 120,245 (2022). It is located in the east of the Gulf of Gemlik. It is approximately away from Bursa. In antiquity, Gemlik was the location of the ancient Greek town of Cius. Gemlik is an industrial port and has a freezone trade center. There are also important industrial establishments in the south and west of the harbors. The port of Gemlik is one of the busiest import harbors in Turkey. Gemlik is renowned for black olives. Etymology In the Ottoman era, the town began to be called Gemilik (Eng. shipyard), because of a shipyard in the town that built Galleons for the Ottoman Navy. As of 1920, the British were calling Gemlik, Geumlek in publications. History Ancient history Gemlik was the site of the ancient Greek city of Cius ( /ˈsaɪəs/; Greek: Kίος or Κῖος ''Kios''), later renamed Prusias on the Sea ( /ˈpruːʒəs/; Latin: ''Prusias ad Mare'') aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yalova Peninsula Massacres
The Yalova Peninsula massacres () were a series of massacres during 1920–1921, the majority of which occurred during March – May 1921. They were committed by local Greek and Armenian bands with the invading Hellenic Army, against the Turkish and non-Turkish Muslim population of the Yalova Peninsula. There were 27 villages burned and in Armutlu. According to journalist Arnold J. Toynbee c. 300 Muslims were killed during April–July 1921. In an Ottoman inquiry of 177 survivors in Constantinople, the number of victims reported was very low (35), which is in line with Toynbee's descriptions that villagers fled after one to two murders. Moreover, approximately 1,500 out of 7,000 Muslims remained in the region after the events or 6,000 had left Yalova where 16 villages had been burned. On the other hand, Ottoman and Turkish documents on massacres claim that at least 9,100 Muslim Turks were killed. The high death toll in the events convinced Toynbee that the Greeks were unfit t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İzmit Massacres
The İzmit massacres were atrocities committed in the region of İzmit, Turkey, during the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) which took place during the Greek genocide. An Inter-Allied Commission of Enquiry that investigated the incidents submitted a report on 1 June 1921 about the events. Background Ethnic cleansing policies undertaken by the Ottoman government were launched in various regions of the Ottoman Empire, including the Izmit region as early as 1915. This included the massive deportation of local Greek and Armenian communities. In 1915, ''The New York Times'' reported that 19,000 Greeks from the Izmit province had been uprooted from their homes and driven to purely Turkish districts. The Armenian Metropolitan of Izmit, Stephan Hovakimian stated, that, of the 80,000 Armenians belonging to his Diocese, 70,000 had been lost in exile, succumbing to hunger and exhaustion from long marches, and the slaughter of men and women upon arrival at their destination. Later, in 1918, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aydın
Aydın ( ''EYE-din''; ; formerly named ''Güzelhisar; Greek: Τράλλεις)'' is a city in and the seat of Aydın Province in Turkey's Aegean Region. The city is located at the heart of the lower valley of Büyük Menderes River (ancient Meander River) at a commanding position for the region extending from the uplands of the valley down to the seacoast. The city forms the urban part of the Efeler district, with a population of 259,027 in 2022. Aydın city is located along a region which was famous for its fertility and productivity since ancient times. Figs remain the province's best-known crop, although other agricultural products are also grown intensively and the city has some light industry. At the crossroads of a busy transport network of several types, a six-lane motorway connects Aydın to İzmir, Turkey's second port, in less than an hour, and in still less time to the international Adnan Menderes Airport, located along the road between the two cities. A smalle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Aydın
The Battle of Aydın (Modern Turkish: ''Aydın Savunması'', literally: "The defence of Aydın", 27 June 1919 to 4 July 1919), was a series of wide-scale armed conflicts during the initial stage of the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922) in and around the city of Aydın in western Turkey. The battle resulted in the burning of several quarters of the city (primarily Turkish, but also Greek) and massacres which resulted in the deaths of several thousand Turkish and Greek soldiers and civilians. The city of Aydın remained in ruins until it was re-captured by the Turkish army on 7 September 1922, at the end of the Greco-Turkish War. Background Aydın was a central town of the fertile Menderes River (Meander) valley in western Turkey. Although Menderes River valley was not mandated for an occupation by Greek troops by the Paris Peace Conference, 1919, Italian Navy's movements off the coast of Kuşadası had oriented the Greek high command towards becoming the first power to establish an i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuva-yi Milliye
The Kuva-yi Milliye (; 'National Forces' or 'Nationalist Forces') were irregular Turkish militia forces active in the early period of the Turkish War of Independence. These irregular forces emerged after the occupation of the parts of Turkey by the Allied forces in accordance with the Armistice of Mudros. Later, ''Kuva-yi Milliye'' were integrated to the regular army (''Kuva-yi Nizamiye'') of the Grand National Assembly. Some historians call this period (1918–20) of the Turkish War of Independence the "Kuva-yi Milliye phase".. Yılı Özel Sayısı. History In the Armistice of Mudros, Ottoman Empire was divided between the Allies, where the Greeks occupied the west, the British occupied the capital and southeast, and the Italians and the French occupied the south of the country. When the atrocities committed by the Greeks in the places they occupied became known among the people of Afyonkarahisar, the people began to harbor great hatred and anger against the Greeks. Rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raid On Erbeyli
The Raid on Erbeyli was a raid conducted by the Kuva-yi Milliye. After invading Aydın and Nazilli, the Greek army was concerned about resistance movements raising in the area. The raid against the Malgaç bridge a few days ago was a good example for their feeling of unease. Prelude Turkish Lieutenant Kadri Bey of the Muğla volunteer platoon had been observing Greek troops in the area for several days. He determined their movements, barracks and guard replacement times. After precise surveillance, he concluded that the best target for a raid was the Erbeyli train station. The Erbeyli train station was located 1-2 kilometers away from the Erbeyli village. Therefore, the villagers were far away from gunfires.Asaf Gökbel: ''Millî mücadele de Aydin'', Çoşkun matbaasi, 1964, page 204. The train station was guarded by 20 Greek soldiers equipped with machine guns situated in a small hangar next to the station. Raid One Evzone company was sent to the Erbeyli village one nigh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İncirliova
İncirliova is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Aydın Province, Turkey. Its area is 188 km2, and its population is 55,848 (2022). It is west of the city of Aydın. Etymology Formerly known as "Karapınar" the name was changed in 1937 to İncirliova meaning, literally, "the valley of Common Fig, figs", in reference to the fruit (''ficus carica'', formerly called ''İzmir, Smyrna figs'') in whose production the province of Aydın excels. History See Aydın for the rich history of this area, which has so much remaining from antiquity that it feels like an open museum. The area has changed hands many times throughout history, from the Hittites in the 13th century BC through the Phrygians, Lydians, Ionians, Persian people, Persians, Alexander the Great, Ancient Rome and Byzantium. The Turkish settlement here was founded in the 15th century by the Madanoğlu family and as it was well watered was called "Karapınar" (dark spring). The Karapınar area reall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germencik
Germencik is a municipality and district of Aydın Province, Turkey. Its area is 394 km2, and its population is 44,172 (2022). Geography Germencik is located in the middle of the fertile Büyük Menderes (Meander) plain, inland from the Aegean coastal town of Kuşadası, on the Aydın-İzmir highway from the city of Aydın. It is also the junction of the İzmir-Aydın-Afyonkarahisar and Ortaklar-Söke railway lines. Until the 1950s, the plain was a swampy area prone to regular flooding and Germencik grew as people moved from the wet lands into the town. Today Germencik itself is a small town of 12,000 people, astride the Izmir-Aydın highway, providing high schools, a hospital, a library and other services for the surrounding district. There are more health centres and primary schools in the villages of the district. The economy of Germencik depends on agriculture, the main crops are figs and olives but cotton, sesame and other crops are also grown here. Of the 374.39&nb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erbeyli, İncirliova
Erbeyli is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of İncirliova, Aydın Province, Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen .... Its population is 1,088 (2022). References Neighbourhoods in İncirliova District {{Aydın-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
