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List Of Constructed Scripts
This list of constructed scripts is in alphabetical order. ISO 15924 codes are provided where assigned. This list includes neither shorthand systems nor ciphers of existing scripts. * Script in ongoing development. See also * Constructed script * List of writing systems * ConScript Unicode Registry External links Constructed scripts and languagesat omniglot Omniglot () is an online encyclopedia focused on languages and writing systems. Etymology The name "Omniglot" comes from the Latin prefix ''omnis'' (meaning "all") and the Greek root γλωσσα (''glossa'', meaning "tongue"). History The we ....com References {{DEFAULTSORT:Constructed scripts Constructed languages Writing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constructed Script
A constructed script is a new writing system specifically created by an individual or group, rather than having evolved as part of a language or culture like a natural script. Some are designed for use with constructed languages, although several of them are used in linguistic experimentation or for other more practical ends in existing languages. Prominent examples of constructed scripts include Korean Hangul and the International Phonetic Alphabet. Constructed scripts and traditional "natural" writing systems All scripts, including traditional scripts ranging from Chinese to Arabic script, are human creations. However, scripts usually evolve out of other scripts rather than being designed by an individual. In most cases, alphabets are ''adopted'', i.e. a language is written in another language's script at first, and gradually develops peculiarities specific to its new environment over the centuries (such as the letters w and j added to the Latin alphabet over time, not being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Language
Armenian ( classical: , reformed: , , ) is an Indo-European language and an independent branch of that family of languages. It is the official language of Armenia. Historically spoken in the Armenian Highlands, today Armenian is widely spoken throughout the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written in its own writing system, the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by the priest Mesrop Mashtots. The total number of Armenian speakers worldwide is estimated between 5 and 7 million. History Classification and origins Armenian is an independent branch of the Indo-European languages. It is of interest to linguists for its distinctive phonological changes within that family. Armenian exhibits more satemization than centumization, although it is not classified as belonging to either of these subgroups. Some linguists tentatively conclude that Armenian, Greek (and Phrygian) and Indo-Iranian were dialectally close to each other;''Handbook of Formal Languages'' (1997p. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bamum Language
Bamum (Shü Pamom "language of the Bamum", or ''Shümom'' "Mum language"), also spelled Bamun or in its French spelling Bamoun, is an Eastern Grassfields language of Cameroon, with approximately 420,000 speakers. The language is well known for its original script developed by King Njoya and his palace circle in the Kingdom of Bamum around 1895. Cameroonian musician Claude Ndam Claude Ndam (27 May 1955 – 12 June 2020) was a Cameroonian singer-songwriter. Biography Ndam was born in Foumban in the west of the country. He became famous in the 1980s for his discography. Claude Ndam died in Yaoundé at the age of 65 on ... was a native speaker of the language and sang it in his music. Phonology Bamum has tone, vowel length, diphthongs and coda consonants. Vowels The simple vowels are: Bamum vowels can be normal or half-long /ˑ/. Consonants The consonants are: Tones Bamum has five tonesNchare (2012). References Languages of Cameroon Languages of Ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Njoya
King Ibrahim Mbouombouo Njoya (Bamum: , ''Iparəim Nʃuɔiya'', formerly spelled in Bamum as , and Germanicized as ''Njoja'') in Yaoundé, was seventeenth in a long dynasty of kings that ruled over Bamum and its people in western Cameroon dating back to the fourteenth century. He succeeded his father Nsangu, and ruled from 1886 or 1887 until his death in 1933, when he was succeeded by his son, Seidou Njimoluh Njoya. He ruled from the ancient walled city of Fumban. Person and life Njoya was born circa 1876. His father passed away when he was just three years old, and his mother ruled the kingdom until he could ascend to the throne at the age of 11. Colonel Gorges of the British Army, who met Njoya in 1914, described him thus as "a fine upstanding man."Gorges (1930) He practised polygamy — Gorges reported that he had 600 wives and 149 children by 1915; it is thought that he had 177 children in all. Under the influence of a German missionary, Njoya converted to Christiani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bamum Script
The Bamum scripts are an evolutionary series of six scripts created for the Bamum language by Ibrahim Njoya, King of Bamum (now western Cameroon) at the turn of the 19th century. They are notable for evolving from a pictographic system to a semi-syllabary in the space of fourteen years, from 1896 to 1910. Bamum type was cast in 1918, but the script fell into disuse around 1931. A project began around 2007 to revive the Bamum script. History In its initial form, Bamum script was a pictographic mnemonic aid (proto-writing) of 500 to 600 characters. As Njoya revised the script, he introduced logograms (word symbols). The sixth version, completed by 1910, is a syllabary with 80 characters. It is also called ''a-ka-u-ku'' after its first four characters. The version in use by 1906 was called ''mbima''. The script was further refined in 1918, when Njoya had copper sorts cast for printing. The script fell into disuse in 1931 with the exile of Njoya to Yaoundé, Cameroon. At pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mengaka Language
Mengaka (Məgaka), or Mengaka Bamileke, is a Bamileke language of Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the C .... It was written in an indigenous script called '' Bagam''. References Languages of Cameroon Bamileke languages {{gras-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagam Script
The Bagam or Eghap script is a partially deciphered Cameroonian script of several hundred characters. It was invented by King Pufong of the Bagam (Eghap) people, c. 1900, and used for letters and records, though it was never in wide use. It is reputedly based on the Bamum script The Bamum scripts are an evolutionary series of six scripts created for the Bamum language by Ibrahim Njoya, King of Bamum (now western Cameroon) at the turn of the 19th century. They are notable for evolving from a pictographic system to a se ..., though the numerals show more resemblance to Bamum than the syllabograms do, and it does not appear to be a direct descendant. The only attested example is a paper by Louis Malcolm, a British officer who served in Cameroon in World War I. This was published without the characters in 1921, and the manuscript with characters was deposited in the library of Cambridge University. This was published in full in Tuchscherer (1999). A hundred characters are reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Vanuatu
The Republic of Vanuatu has the world's highest linguistic density per capita. For a population of 0.3 million, Vanuatu is home to 138 indigenous Oceanic languages. In addition, modern history has brought new languages, including the country's three official languages: English, French, and Bislama. Even more languages have been brought by recent migrations (e.g. Samoan, Hakka Chinese, Mandarin Chinese). The linguistic situation in Vanuatu Indigenous languages There are over one hundred local languages spread over the archipelago ( listed below), all of them belonging to the Austronesian family of languages. Vanuatu is the country with the highest density of languages per capita in the world: it currently shows an average of about 1,760 speakers for each indigenous language, and went through a historical low of 565;See François ''et al.'' (2015:8-9); and also Crowley (2000:50); François (2012:86). only Papua New Guinea comes close. Some of these languages are very endangered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avoiuli
Avoiuli (from Raga 'talk about' and 'draw' or 'paint') is a writing system used by the Turaga indigenous movement on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu. It was devised by Chief Viraleo Boborenvanua over a 14-year period, based on designs found in traditional sand drawings, and intended as a native alternative to the Latin alphabet. It is used mainly for writing in the area's native Raga language, although it can also be used for other languages including Apma, Bislama and English. Features The Avoiuli alphabet comprises characters equivalent to the letters A-Z, decimal numerals and other symbols, including a range of currency symbols representing the livatu and specific items of traditional value such as pigs and dyed mats. Like the Western orthography used to write Raga, it represents the velar nasal ''ng'' and prenasalised consonant ''ngg'' using modified forms of the letters ''n'' and ''g'' respectively, but represents the labiovelar consonants ''bw'', ''mw'' and ''vw'' using ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joe Johnston
Joseph Eggleston Johnston II (born May 13, 1950) is an American film director, producer, writer, and visual effects artist. He is best known for directing effects-driven films, including '' Honey, I Shrunk the Kids'' (1989), '' Jumanji'' (1995), and '' Jurassic Park III'' (2001), as well as '' The Rocketeer'' (1991), ''The Wolfman'' (2010), and '' Captain America: The First Avenger'' (2011). Early life Johnston was born in Austin, Texas, and attended California State University, Long Beach, and Pasadena's Art Center College of Design. Career Design and visual effects Much of the work at the beginning of Johnston's screen career combined design and special effects. He began his career as a concept artist and effects technician on the first '' Star Wars'' film, directed by George Lucas, co-created the design of Boba Fett in ''The Empire Strikes Back'', and was art director on one of the effects teams for the sequel '' Return of the Jedi''. His association with Lucas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Star Wars Miniatures Battles
''Star Wars Miniatures Battles'' is a tabletop wargame produced by West End Games in 1989. Publication history The game was first produced by West End Games in 1989 and republished in a 2nd edition version in 1990. West End Games lost the license to produce any more "Star Wars" games in 1999, and the license was subsequently picked up by Wizards of the Coast the following year. Star Wars Miniatures Battles should not be confused with WOTC's Star Wars Miniatures. ''Star Wars Miniatures Battles'' core rulebook was written by Stephen Crane and Paul Murphy, published by West End Games in January 1989. The rules included are for playing battles using the metal miniatures produced by West End Games. The stats included in the book can be easily converted to use with its ''Star Wars'' role-playing game The ''Star Wars Miniatures Battles Companion'', published in 1994, was the first supplement and added vehicle rules and flight rules to the game. It also included errata and rules revisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aurebesh
The ''Star Wars'' space opera universe, created by George Lucas, features some dialogue spoken in fictional languages. The '' lingua franca'' of the franchise is known in-universe as "Galactic Basic", used to refer to the language of the film or work itself, be it English or a language that the work was dubbed or translated into. Characters often speak languages other than Basic, notably ''Shyriiwook'' spoken by Chewbacca and other Wookiees, ''droidspeak'' spoken by R2-D2 and BB-8, ''Ewokese'' spoken by Ewoks, and ''Huttese'' spoken by Jabba the Hutt. The fictional languages were approached as sound design and developed largely by Ben Burtt, sound designer for both the original and prequel trilogy of films. He created alien dialogue out of the sounds of primarily non-English languages, such as Quechua, Haya, and Tibetan. This methodology was also used in ''The Force Awakens'' by Sara Forsberg. Lucas also insisted that written text throughout the films look as dissimilar from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
