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List Of Soviet Human Spaceflight Missions
This is a list of the human spaceflight missions conducted by the Soviet space program. These missions belong to the Vostok programme, Vostok, Voskhod programme, Voskhod, and Soyuz programme, Soyuz space programs. The first patch from the Soviet Space Program was worn by Valentina Tereshkova, then the same patch for the Voskhod 2, Soyuz 4/Soyuz 5, 5 and Soyuz 11, Soyuz 3 had an official insignia that wasn't worn during the flight, and then in the Apollo–Soyuz program. After that and until Soyuz TM-12 "Juno" flight mission patches had been designed only for international missions. Vostok program Voskhod program Soyuz program First Soyuz missions to Salyut 1 (1967–1971) 1973–1977 Salyut 6 to Salut 7 (1977–1986) Crewed Soyuz-TM Mir missions (1987–1991) For subsequent Soyuz missions conducted by the Russian Federal Space Agency, see List of Russian human spaceflight missions. Notes 1 Commercially funded cosmonaut or other "spaceflight participant". See al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Soviet Space Program
The Soviet space program () was the state space program of the Soviet Union, active from 1951 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Contrary to its competitors (NASA in the United States, the European Space Agency in Western Europe, and the Ministry of Aerospace Industry in China), which had their programs run under single coordinating agencies, the Soviet space program was divided between several internally competing OKB, design bureaus led by Sergei Korolev, Korolev, Kerim Kerimov, Kerimov, Mstislav Keldysh, Keldysh, Mikhail Yangel, Yangel, Valentin Glushko, Glushko, Vladimir Chelomey, Chelomey, Viktor Makeyev, Makeyev, Boris Chertok, Chertok and Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev, Reshetnev. Several of these bureaus were subordinated to the Ministry of General Machine-Building. The Soviet space program served as an important marker of claims by the Soviet Union to its superpower status. Soviet rocketry, Soviet investigations into rocketry began with the fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Vostok 3
Vostok 3 () and Vostok 4 (, 'Orient 4' or 'East 4') were Soviet space program flights in August 1962, intended to determine the ability of the human body to function in conditions of weightlessness, test the ground control capability to launch and manage two separate, concurrent flights, and test the endurance of the Vostok 3KA spacecraft over longer flights. Cosmonaut Andriyan Nikolayev orbited the Earth 64 times in Vostok 3 over nearly four days in space, August 11–15, 1962, a feat which would not be matched by NASA until the Gemini program (1965–1966). Pavel Popovich was launched on Vostok 4 on August 12, and made 48 Earth orbits. The two capsules were launched on trajectories that brought the spacecraft within approximately of each another. They also communicated with each other via radio, the first ship-to-ship communications in space. These missions marked the first time that more than one crewed spacecraft was in orbit at the same time, giving Soviet mission con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Zvezda Rocket Patch
Zvezda means "star" in some Slavic languages, and may refer to: Entertainment * ''Zvezda'' (magazine), Russian literary magazine * Zvezda (TV channel), Russian TV channel * ''Star'' (2014 film), a Russian film * ''The Star'' (1953 film), a Russian film * ''The Star'' (2002 film), a Russian film * Zvezda (cinema) a squatted cinema in Belgrade * ''Zvezda'', Serbian literary journal founded and edited by Serbian writer Janko Veselinović Places * Lake Zvezda, Antarctica * Zvezda, Burgas Province, Bulgaria * Zvezda, Targovishte Province, a village in Targovishte Province, Bulgaria * Zvezde, Village in Albania Space * ''Zvezda'' (ISS module), component of the International Space Station * Zvezda (moonbase), non-realized Soviet moonbase as well as a fictional Soviet base on the moon in the lunar south pole in the ''For All Mankind'' TV Series. * Zvezda spaceplane, a Soviet spaceplane project; see Buran programme#History of the Buran programme * NPP Zvezda, Russian aeronaut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Crew
A crew is a body or a group of people who work at a common activity, generally in a structured or hierarchy, hierarchical organization. A location in which a crew works is called a crewyard or a workyard. The word has nautical resonances: the tasks involved in operating a ship, particularly a sailing ship, providing numerous specialities within a ship's crew, often organised with a chain of command. Traditional nautical usage strongly distinguishes Commissioned officer, officers from crew, though the two groups combined form the ship's company. Members of a crew are often referred to by the titles ''crewmate'', ''crewman'' or ''crew-member.'' ''Crew'' also refers to the sport of rowing (sport), rowing, where teams row competitively in racing shells. Types * For a specific sporting usage, see rowing crew. * For filmmaking usage, see film crew. * For live music usage, see road crew. * For analogous entities in research on human judgment and decision-making, see team and judge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Boris Yegorov
Boris Borisovich Yegorov (Russian: Бори́с Бори́сович Его́ров, November 26, 1937 – September 12, 1994) was a Soviet physician and cosmonaut who became the first medical doctor to travel to space. He was born in Moscow, Soviet Union (now Russia) and received his medical degree from the Moscow Medical Institute in 1961. Yegorov earned his doctorate in medicine, with his specialization being in disorders of the sense of balance. Yegorov was selected as a member of the multi-disciplinary team that flew on Voskhod 1. It has been suggested that his father's influence within the Politburo may have had some bearing on the selection. As a result of this space flight, Yegorov was awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union on October 19, 1964. He died from a heart attack in 1994. Early life and education Yegorov came from a medical background, with his father a prominent heart surgeon, and his mother an ophthalmologist. He also selected medicine as a car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Konstantin Feoktistov
Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov (; 7 February 1926 – 21 November 2009), was Russian engineer and a cosmonaut in the former Soviet space program. As a cosmonaut Feoktistov flew on Voskhod 1, the first spacecraft to carry three crew members. Feoktistov also wrote several books on space technology and exploration. The Feoktistov crater on the far side of the Moon is named in his honor. Biography During the Nazi occupation of Voronezh, at the age of just 16, Feoktistov fought with the Soviet Army against the German troops, carrying out reconnaissance missions for the Voronezh Front. After being captured by a Waffen-SS Army patrol, Feoktistov was shot by a German officer. However, the bullet went right through his chin and neck and did not kill him. Feoktistov could crawl out later and then make his way to the Soviet lines. After the war was over, Feoktistov enrolled in the Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School as an engineering student and he graduated in 1949. Feoktistov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Vladimir Mikhaylovich Komarov
Vladimir Mikhaylovich Komarov (, ; 16 March 1927 – 24 April 1967) was a Soviet test pilot, aerospace engineer, and cosmonaut. In October 1964, he commanded Voskhod 1, the first spaceflight to carry more than one crew member. He became the first Soviet cosmonaut to fly in space twice when he was selected as the solo pilot of Soyuz 1, its first crewed test flight. A parachute failure caused his Soyuz capsule to crash into the ground after re-entry on 24 April 1967, making him the first human to die in a space flight. He was declared medically unfit for training or spaceflight twice while in the program but continued playing an active role. During his time at the cosmonaut training center, he contributed to space vehicle design, cosmonaut training, evaluation and public relations. Early life Komarov was born on 16 March 1927 in Moscow and grew up with his half-sister Matilda (born in 1915). His father was a labourer who worked at various low-paid jobs to support the family. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Voskhod 1
Voskhod 1 () was the seventh crewed Soviet space flight. Flown by cosmonauts Vladimir Komarov, Konstantin Feoktistov, and Boris Yegorov, it launched 12 October 1964, and returned on the 13th. Voskhod 1 was the first human spaceflight to carry more than one crewman into orbit, the first flight without the use of spacesuits, and the first to carry either an engineer or a physician into outer space. It also set a crewed spacecraft altitude record of . The three spacesuits for the Voskhod 1 cosmonauts were omitted; there was neither the room nor the payload capacity for the Voskhod to carry them. The original Voskhod had been designed to carry two cosmonauts, but Soviet politicians pushed the Soviet space program into squeezing three cosmonauts into Voskhod 1. The only other space flight in the short Voskhod program, Voskhod 2, carried two suited cosmonauts – of necessity, because it was the flight on which Alexei Leonov made the world's first walk in space. As part of its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Vostok 6 Patch
Vostok () refers to east in Russian but may also refer to: Spaceflight * Vostok programme, Soviet human spaceflight project * Vostok (spacecraft), a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union * Vostok (rocket family), family of rockets derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka ICBM designed for the human spaceflight programme * Vostok (crater), a crater explored by the Mars rover Opportunity * Vostok 1, the first human spaceflight Places * Vostok Island, located in the south of Kiribati's Line Islands * Uschod (Minsk Metro) (Russian name ''Vostok''), a station of Minsk Metro, Minsk, Belarus * Vostok Rupes, a mountain chain on planet Mercury Antarctica * Cape Vostok, the west extremity of the Havre Mountains and the northwest extremity of Alexander Island * Vostok Station, Russian (originally Soviet) Antarctic research station * Lake Vostok, a subglacial lake located beneath Vostok Station * Vostok Subglacial Highlands, an east extension of Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains Russi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Vostok 6
Vostok 6 () was the first human spaceflight to carry a woman, cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, into space. Mission The spacecraft was launched on 16 June 1963. It set the record for highest orbital inclination of a crewed spacecraft at 65°, a record not broken until the 90° polar orbit of Fram2 nearly 62 years later. While Vostok 5 had been delayed by technical problems, Vostok 6's launch proceeded with no difficulties. Data collected during the mission provided better understanding of the female body's reaction to spaceflight. Like other cosmonauts on Vostok missions, Tereshkova maintained a flight log, took photographs, and manually oriented the spacecraft. Her photographs of the horizon from space were later used to identify aerosol layers within the atmosphere. The mission, a joint flight with Vostok 5, was originally conceived as being a joint mission with two Vostoks each carrying a female cosmonaut, but this changed as the Vostok program experienced cutbacks as a precurs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Valery Bykovsky
Valery Fyodorovich Bykovsky (; 2 August 1934 – 27 March 2019) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on three space flights: Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, and Soyuz 31. He was also backup for Vostok 3 and Soyuz 37. Early life and career Born in Pavlovsky Posad, Russia, on 2 August 1934, Bykovsky was the son of Fyodor Fyodorovich Bykovsky and Klavdia Ivanova. He had an older sister named Margarita, born three years earlier. When he was four years old, World War II began, forcing the family to move to Kuybyshev, and later again to Syzran, before moving back to near Moscow. By the age of 14, Bykovsky wanted to attend naval school; however, his father was not a proponent of this idea and encouraged him to stay at his school. A few days later, Bykovsky attended a lecture on the Soviet Air Force Club which inspired him to pursue his dream of becoming a pilot. He began flight theory lessons when he was 16 at the Moscow City Aviation Club. Bykovsky graduated from aviation school aged 18 and e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Vostok 5
Vostok 5 () was a joint mission of the Soviet space program together with Vostok 6; as with the previous pair of Vostok 3 and Vostok 4 the two Vostok spacecraft came close to one another in orbit and established a radio link. Vostok 5 launched on 14 June 1963, and returned to Earth on 19 June, and was piloted by Valery Bykovsky. Mission Several delays plagued the prelaunch preparations of Vostok 5, the biggest being concern over elevated solar flare activity. At this early phase, it was not well understood what effects this might have on the spacecraft and its passenger, so the planned launch date of 11 June was postponed a few days. On the 14th, Bykovsky was strapped into the capsule awaiting liftoff when further delays occurred. A gyroscope in the Blok E stage malfunctioned and needed to be replaced, but this would mean removing the propellants from the booster, taking it down from the pad back to the vehicle assembly building, and delaying the launch another several days. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
