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List Of Indus Valley Civilisation Sites
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Harappan Civilisation, was a major early civilisation, existing from 3300–1300 BCE. It covered much of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, as well as possessing at least one trading colony in northeast Afghanistan. Over 1000 Indus Valley civilisation sites have been discovered. Only 40 sites on the Indus valley were known in the pre- Partition era by archaeologists. The most widely known Indus Valley sites are Mohenjo-daro and Harappa; Mohenjo-daro is located in modern-day Sindh, while Harappa is in West Punjab. More than 90% of the inscribed objects and seals that were discovered were found at ancient urban centres along the Indus river in Pakistan, mainly in Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. Upinder Singh, 2008''A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century'' p. 169 More than 50 IVC burial sites have been found, including at Rakhigarhi (first site with genetic testing), Mohenjo-Dar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the Northwestern South Asia, northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 Common Era, BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area including much of Pakistan, Northwest India, northwestern India and northeast Afghanistan. The civilisation flourished both in the alluvial plain of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial monsoon-fed rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the Ghaggar-Hakra River, Ghaggar-Hakra, a seasonal river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan. The term ''Harappan'' is sometimes applied to the Indus Civilisation after its type site Harappa, the first to be exc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genetic Testing
Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medical setting, genetic testing can be used to diagnose or rule out suspected genetic disorders, predict risks for specific conditions, or gain information that can be used to customize medical treatments based on an individual's genetic makeup. Genetic testing can also be used to determine biological relatives, such as a child's biological parentage (genetic mother and father) through DNA paternity testing, or be used to broadly predict an individual's ancestry. Genetic testing of plants and animals can be used for similar reasons as in humans (e.g. to assess relatedness/ancestry or predict/diagnose genetic disorders), to gain information used for selective breed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karachi District
Karachi District (formerly Karachi South District)() is an administrative district of Karachi Division in Sindh, Pakistan, created in 1972. Karachi District had a population of 2,329,764 (2.3 million) as of 2023 Pakistani census. In 2023, the Government of Sindh renamed Karachi South District simply to Karachi District because all divisional administration is located there. History Karachi South District is the economic backbone of the country. It has the Head Offices of many Corporations, Companies and Banks. The Chief Secretary House, Governor House, Chief Minister House, Commissioner House, Commissioner Office, Sindh Assembly, High Court, Embassies and Consulates of different countries and other government offices are also located there. The district was abolished in 2000, and was divided into two towns namely: Jamshed Town, and Saddar Town. On 11 July 2011, the Sindh Government restored Karachi South District. In November 2013, Jamshed Town was added into Karachi E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allahdino
Allahdino is a small village belonging to the Harappan period, located east of Karachi. It is an unfortified settlement of 1.4 hectares, established in a coastal area of Pakistan. This small but well-organised settlement was abandoned by c. 2000 BCE. Excavations Several mud-brick houses, sometimes built on stone platforms were excavated from this site. A large multiroomed house with a mudbrick platform was also excavated. One building had three wells, with diameters of 60 cm to 90 cm. In fact, all the wells found on this site had similarly small diameters. The layout of the settlement and buildings suggest that Allahdino was involved with administrative role. Artifacts found Large quantities of copper objects, triangular terracotta cakes, seals, small terracotta jars with profusions of gold, silver, bronze and other ornaments were found. Several jars, one containing gold and silver ornaments, were also found here. A belt containing 36 carnelian Carnelian (also sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh ( ; UP) is a States and union territories of India, state in North India, northern India. With over 241 million inhabitants, it is the List of states and union territories of India by population, most populated state in India as well as the List of first-level administrative divisions by population, most populous country subdivision in the world – more populous than List of countries and dependencies by population, all but four other countries outside of India (China, United States, Indonesia, and Pakistan) – and accounting for 16.5 percent of the population of India or around 3 percent of the total world population. The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the west, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi to the northwest, Uttarakhand and Nepal to the north, Bihar to the east, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand to the south. It is the List of states of India by area, fourth-largest Indian state by area covering , accounting for 7.3 percent of the total ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meerut District
Meerut District () is one of the Districts of Uttar Pradesh, districts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, and a part of Delhi, with the city of Meerut as the district headquarters. Meerut District is also a part of the Meerut division, Meerut Division. The administrative head of district of Meerut is a District Magistrate while the administrative head of Meerut Division is Divisional Commissioner, an Indian Administrative Service, IAS officer. History The district was established under British rule in 1818, constituting the then tehsils of Meerut, Ghaziabad, Mawana, Baghpat, Sardhana and Hapur.Meerut District – History ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India'', 1909, v. 17, p. 256-257, 261. These now form the districts of Meerut, Ghaziabad district, Utta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chanhudaro
Chanhu-daro , a shorter form of Chanhun-jo-daro which in Sindhi means "the mound of Chanhun", is an archaeological site belonging to the Indus Valley civilization. The site is located south of Mohenjo-daro, now in Sindh, Pakistan. The settlement was inhabited between 4000 and 1700 BCE, and is considered to have been a centre for manufacturing carnelian beads. This site is a group of three low mounds that excavations has shown were parts of a single settlement, approximately 7 hectares in size. Chanhudaro was first excavated by N. G. Majumdar in March, 1931, and again during winter field session of 1935-36 by the American School of Indic and Iranian Studies and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston team led by Ernest John Henry Mackay. Prof. W. Norman Brown of the University of Pennsylvania was instrumental in enabling the funds for this project. After the independence of Pakistan, Mohammed Rafique Mughal also did exploratory work in the area. Since 2015 the archaeological exca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alamgirpur
Alamgirpur is an archaeological site of the Indus Valley civilization that thrived along the Ganga-Yamuna Doab (c. 3300–1300 BC) from the Harappan- Bara period, located in Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the easternmost known site of the civilization. Excavation The site was partially excavated in 1958 and 1959 by Archaeological Survey of India. Period I On excavation, the site showed four cultural periods with intervening breaks; the earliest of them represented by a thickness of 6 feet, belonged to Harappan Culture. Although kiln burnt bricks were in evidence, no structure of this period was found, probably due to the limited nature of the excavations. Brick sizes were, 11.25 to 11.75 in. in length, 5.25 to 6.25 in. in breadth and 2.5 to 2.75 in.in thickness; larger bricks averaged 14 in. x 8 in.x 4 in. which were used in furnace only. The date range of 2600 to 2200 B.C. (calibrated) has been proposed for the earliest level at Alamgirpur. Artifacts found Typic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banawali
Banawali is an archaeological site belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization period in Fatehabad district, Haryana, India and is located about 120 km northeast of Kalibangan and 16 km from Fatehabad. Banawali, which is earlier called Vanavali, is on the left banks of dried up Sarasvati River. Comparing to Kalibangan, which was a town established in lower middle valley of dried up Sarasvathi River, Banawali was built over upper middle valley of Sarasvati River.fatehabad.nic.in Excavation This site was excavated by R.S. Bisht (ASI) in 1974. The excavations revealed the following sequence of cultures: * Period I: Pre-Harappan (Kalibangan)(c.2500-2300 BCE) ** Period IA: Pre-defence Phase ** Period IB: Defence Phase ** Period IC: Transitional Phase (Proto-Harappan) * Period II: Mature Harappan (c.2300-1700 BCE) * Period III: Post-Harappan (Banawali-Bara)(c.1700-1500/1450 BCE) Period I (c. 2500-2300 BCE) Well-planned houses constructed out of kiln burnt and molded brick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehrgarh
Mehrgarh is a Neolithic archaeological site situated on the Kacchi Plain of Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan in Pakistan. It is located near the Bolan Pass, to the west of the Indus River and between the modern-day Pakistani cities of Quetta, Kalat, Pakistan, Kalat and Sibi. The site was discovered in 1974 by the French Archaeological Mission led by the French people, French archaeologists Jean-François Jarrige and Catherine Jarrige (archaeologist), Catherine Jarrige. Mehrgarh was Archaeological excavation, excavated continuously between 1974 and 1986, and again from 1997 to 2000. Archaeological material has been found in six mounds, and about 32,000 artifacts have been collected from the site. The earliest settlement at Mehrgarh, located in the northeast corner of the site, was a small farming village dated between 7000 BCE and 5500 BCE. History Mehrgarh is one of the earliest known sites in South Asia showing evidence of farming and herding.UNESCO World Heritage. 2004. ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dholavira
Dholavira () is an archaeological site at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, in the state of Gujarat in western India, which has taken its name from a modern-day village south of it. This village is from Radhanpur. Also known locally as ''Kotada timba'', the site contains ruins of a city of the ancient Indus Valley civilization. Earthquakes have repeatedly affected Dholavira, including a particularly severe one around 2600 BCE. Location Dholavira's location is on the Tropic of Cancer. It is one of the five largest Harappan sites and the most prominent of archaeological sites in India belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization. It is located on Khadir Bet island in the Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary in the Great Rann of Kutch. The quadrangular city lay between two seasonal streams, the Mansar in the north and Manhar in the south. The site was thought to be occupied from c.2650 BCE, declining slowly after about 2100 BCE, and to have been briefly abandone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lothal
Lothal () was one of the southernmost sites of the ancient Indus Valley civilization, Indus Valley civilisation, located in the Bhal region of the Indian state of Gujarat. Construction of the city is believed to have begun around 2200 BCE. Discovery The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the official Government of India, Indian government List of agencies of the government of India, agency for the preservation of ancient monuments, discovered Lothal in 1954. Excavation work in Lothal commenced on 13 February 1955 and continued till 19 May 1960. According to the ASI, arguably Lothal had the world's earliest known dock (maritime), dock, which connected the city to an ancient course of the Sabarmati River on the trade route. This trade route stretched between Harappan cities in Sindh (Pakistan) and the peninsula of Saurashtra (region), Saurashtra where the surrounding Kutch desert of today was a part of the Arabian Sea. However, this interpretation has been challenged by other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
